Specifying Optical Fiber for Data Center Applications Tony Irujo Sales Engineer
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1 Specifying Optical Fiber for Data Center Applications Tony Irujo Sales Engineer
2 Outline Data Center Market Drivers Data Center Trends Optical Fiber and Related Standards 40G & 100G Ethernet Opto-Electronics and Cabling Considerations Conclusions
3 Data Center Market Drivers
4 IP Traffic Growth Global IP traffic will quadruple from 2009 to 2014 in other words, the Internet will be 4 times larger! Mobile data traffic will double every two years through 2014 It will take 72 million years to watch the amount of video traffic that will cross Global IP networks in 2014 Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Methodology, June 10, 2010
5 70000 IP Traffic Growth " Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI): Forecast and Methodology, " June 2, 2010 CAGR Mobile Data Managed IP Internet 108% 29% PB/Month %
6 Internet Applications YouTube March hours of video uploaded every minute 1 May 2010 reaches 2 billion views/day 1 Facebook Apple June million active users, spending 500 billion minutes per month on site 2 June ,000 iphone 4 s sold 1st day of presales 3 Apple itunes February 2010 reaches 10 billion songs sold
7 Internet Applications Google s Data Center Spending Soars, Oct. 15, 2010
8 Data Center Trends
9 Server growth forecast Revised with actual server shipments Robert Hays, Intel Forecast by Ethernet Connection Type (40G and 100G) Server Forecast by Ethernet Connection Howard Frasier, Type Broadcom revised 3/24/10 adjusted to Gartner server volume and lower growth rate 40G Ethernet Market Potential (revised Mar 2010, adjusted to Gartner volume IEEE and lower HSSG growth rate) April GbE Hays_01_ GbE 10GbE GbE Fast Ethernet Migration to high speed technology for access links drives need for higher speed uplinks
10 Data Center Link Speed Evolution Migration to 16G FC (OM3 & OM4) Migration to 40G & 100G Ethernet (OM3 & OM4 or SM) Migration to 10GbE (Fiber, Copper) Data from Alan Flatmann presented to IEE High Speed Study Group January 2008
11 Why the higher speeds? High speed connections simplify the network More interconnects and switches required Pictures presented by Adam Bechtel Yahoo! Chief Architect IEEE Plenary March 2007
12 Key Network Points for 40G & 100G Deployment of 40G Ethernet will support primarily Servers Interconnection links Data center servers Storage Area Networks Corporate, video, medical, R&D Enterprises Deployment of 100G Ethernet will be driven by highbandwidth switching, routing, and aggregation interconnect points Metro, core, carrier/service provider networks Internet exchanges and aggregation points Will drive growth of Content Provider applications such as: Video on demand / IPTV / HDTV / 3DTV, Gaming Interconnects for high performance super computing environments Not intended for riser or horizontal building cabling
13 Optical Fiber and Related Standards
14 Multimode Fiber Types, Performance Grades Fiber Type OM µm OM2 50 µm OM3 50 µm OM4 50 µm Wavelength (nm) Max CABLE Loss (db/km) Min Bandwidth (MHz km) OFL BW EMB n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s n.s n.s. EMB = OMx designations are from ISO/IEC International Cabling Standard OFL BW = Overfilled Launch Bandwidth Effective Modal Bandwidth (also known as Laser BW)
15 Multimode Fiber Standards ISO / IEC OM1 (62.5 µm) OM2 (50 µm) OM3 (50 µm) OM4 (50 µm) TIA / EIA 492AAAA 492AAAB 492AAAC 492AAAD IEC A1b A1a.1 A1a.2 A1a.3
16 Multimode Fiber Performance (10G) by Type & Grade Reach & Bandwidth by MM Fiber Type Reach (at 10 Gb/s) Bandwidth (at 850nm) Reach (meters, at 10 Gb/s) Bandwidth (MHz-km, at 850nm) um 50 um 50 um 50 um 0 OM1 OM2 OM3 OM4 Fiber Type ( ISO Grade )
17 OM4 Specifications Effective Modal Bandwidth (EMB) >/= 4700 MHz-km Allows 2 methods for verification DMD Masks or EMBc OFL Bandwidth at 850nm >/= 3500 MHz-km Ensures performance with sources that launch more power into outer modes OFL Bandwidth at 1300nm >/= 500 MHz-km Ensures backward compatibility with OM1, OM2, OM3 fibers for applications such as FDDI, 100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-LX, etc.
18 Why is OM4 important? Fiber dominates in Access to Distribution and Distribution to Core links. OM3 Fiber only supports < 90% of Links 89% 85% Alan Flatman Principal Consultant, LAN Technologies, UK Long Data Center Links vs. Length IEEE802.3ba, Jan. 2008, Flatman_01_0108
19 Why is OM4 important? Fiber dominates in Access to Distribution and Distribution to Core links. OM4 Fiber supports 95%+ of Links > 98% ~95% Alan Flatman Principal Consultant, LAN Technologies, UK Long Data Center Links vs. Length IEEE802.3ba, Jan. 2008, Flatman_01_0108
20 Singlemode Fiber Types Fiber Type Wavelength (nm) OS1 OS2 Low Water Peak Max CABLE Loss (db/km) OSx designations are from ISO/IEC International Cabling Standard
21 Singlemode Fiber Standards ISO / IEC TIA / EIA IEC ITU-T OS1 492AAAA B1.1 G.652.A or B OS2 (Low Water Peak) 492AAAB B1.3 G.652.C or D G.657 (Bend Insensitive)
22 40G & 100G Ethernet IEEE 802.3ba
23 IEEE 802.3ba 40G & 100G Ethernet 40G for Servers, Access 10 km over single-mode fiber (1310 nm) 40GBASE-LR4 150 m over OM4 multimode fiber (850 nm) 40GBASE-SR4 100 m over OM3 multimode fiber (850 nm) 40GBASE-SR4 7 m over copper 40GBASE-CR4 1 m over backplane 40GBASE-KR4
24 IEEE 802.3ba 40G & 100G Ethernet 100G for Switching, Routing, Aggregation 40 km over single-mode fiber (1310 nm) 100GBASE-ER4 10 Km over single-mode fiber (1310 nm) 100GBASE-LR4 150 m over OM4 multimode fiber (850 nm) 100GBASE-SR m over OM3 multimode fiber (850 nm) 100GBASE-SR10 7 m over copper 100GBASE-CR10
25 Short Reach Multimode: Multiple Fiber Parallel Systems for 40G: One 12-fiber cable 8 active fibers Duplex link One wavelength per fiber 4 x 10 Gb/s 12 Fiber MPO connector
26 Short Reach Multimode: Multiple Fiber Parallel Systems for 100G: Two 12 Fiber Cables, or 24 fiber Cable 20 active fibers Duplex link One wavelength per fiber 10 x 10 Gb/s MPO connector 2 x 12 fiber 1 x 24 fiber
27 40G & 100G Ethernet MDI Recommendations References MPO interface req s/specs of IEC GBASE-SR4 : 100GBASE-SR10 : Option A (recommended) o o o o o o o o o o o o Tx Rx Option B o = unused Option C Rx Tx o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Tx o o o o o o o o o o o o Rx o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Rx Tx
28 IEEE802.3ba 40 & 100 Gb/s Ethernet Reduced Reach (from 10Gb/s) on OM3 due to relaxation in transmitter spectral width: from 0.45 to 0.65 nm 150 meter reach on OM4 requires connection / splice loss 1.0 db
29 What is Skew? Skew Difference in arrival time Skew What are typical numbers for skew in a 100 meter cable? Ribbon: 0.3 ns Loose tube: 0.8 ns Two primary reasons Differential fiber length in a cable Numerical aperture Source: Alfred Flores, RCDD Berk-Tek, a Nexans Company 40/100 Gb/s Ethernet Over Multi-mode Optical Fiber January 2009 Winter BICSI Conference
30 Is Skew Important? Not for fiber-based parallel transmission 40G & 100G Ethernet requirement is 79 ns Fibre Channel is using serial transmission Infiniband specification has a tight skew requirement (0.75 ns) that assumes the presence of repeaters in the link. Repeaters are not required for 100 meter multimode links. Both ribbon and loose tube cables support Ethernet, Fibre Channel and short reach Infiniband needs
31 Long Reach Singlemode: Wavelength Division Multiplexing 4 Different Lasers Combiner Splitter 4 Detectors Cladding For 100G 2 Fiber Cable Multiple Lasers and Detectors 4 x 25 Gb/s
32 Fibre Channel, InfiniBand FibreChannel (FC) Data Center Storage Area Networks Migration path: 8G (FC-PI-4) 16G (FC-PI-5) 32G (FC-PI-6) All serial transmission Will require OM3 & OM4 InfiniBand Primarily used in High Performance Computing (HPC) Migration from 2.5Gb/s 10 Gb/s 40/100 Gb/s Parallel transmission paths for 40/100 Gb/s
33 Opto-Electronics & Cabling Considerations
34 Transceiver Considerations Moving to array-based, parallel transmission over multimode Tx mfr s focused on creating lowercost 850 nm based transceiver arrays for short-reach applications Increase mfg yield by relaxation of spectral width requirements
35 System Considerations Transceivers Will leverage existing fiber and transceiver technologies 850nm Parallel VCSEL Arrays 1310 nm CWDM Transceivers Good reference: TIA TSB-172 Multi-fiber Connectivity MPO cable terminations SNAP12 Tx connections
36 Cabling Media Trends Data centers largest growth area in enterprise cabling Rapidly moving from copper to fiber cabling Historically, ~80% copper (familiarity, cost per port, copper cabling companies) Typical cabling lengths meters This mix has more fiber for the high end data centers (70% or more fiber) Considerations favoring fiber Prices of fiber cable and optical ports decreasing Price, size, power consumption of copper cable increasing Fiber supports GREEN-friendly solutions 40 and 100 Gb/s over copper limited to 7m
37 Cabling Media Trends Optical Cabling Systems ~80% multimode fiber, 20% single-mode Pre-terminated multi-fiber trunk cables to interconnect racks MPO connectors and cassettes Optimum solutions OM3 and OM4 Supports evolution in transmission speeds Maintains multimode cost benefit over single-mode Super-Computing market driving towards 24 fibers / link, 100 Gb/s OM3 & OM4 solutions
38 Fiber / Cabling Considerations Multimode Fiber Counts 12 fibers required for duplex 40G link (8 active) 24 fibers required for duplex 100G link (20 active)
39 Plug & Play Data Center Systems High Fiber counts and lower installation costs LC Hub MPO Modular pre-terminated optical cassette systems Backbone Cable MPO Switch LC Patch panel (interconnect) LC
40 Cost Comparison between Single-mode and Multimode Fiber Systems Traditionally, optoelectronics have driven the cost difference between single-mode and multimode Single-mode CWDM system Pro Lower cable cost Con Significantly higher transceiver cost OM3 and OM4 multimode parallel systems Pro Much lower transceiver cost using existing 10Gb/s VCSELS Con Higher cabling cost
41 40G Systems Cost Comparison between Multimode and Single-mode > 3x SM MM Paul Kolesar, CommScope, The Case for Extended Reach Multimode Objectives IEEE 802.3ba, September 2008, Kolesar_01_0908
42 100G Systems Cost Comparison between Multimode and Single-mode > 10X! SM MM Cabling costs insignificant compared to optoelectronics Paul Kolesar, CommScope, The Case for Extended Reach Multimode Objectives IEEE 802.3ba, September 2008, Kolesar_01_0908
43 Cost implications (40G & 100G) Copper OM3 OM4 SM Distance 7m 100m 150m 10 km Transceiver CAPEX Cable cost CAPEX Power use 10+ w? </= 3 w </= 3 w </= 20 w OPEX
44 Conclusions Data centers are shifting from copper to fiber Copper is more costly and has limited transmission distance Fiber has much lower power consumption OM3 and OM4 Multimode fiber will play an important roll in Gb/s transmission rates in data centers OM4 is well accepted and has been incorporated in system standards There will be a shift to parallel transmission over multimode with MPO connections
Specifying Optical Fiber for Data Center Applications Tony Irujo Sales Engineer
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