TANDBERG VIKING SERIES NAS APPLIANCE

Transcription

1 TANDBERG VIKING SERIES NAS APPLIANCE Strage Server Administratin Manual TANDBERG DATA ASIA 7 Tai Seng Drive #02-00 Singapre Phne Telefax T andberg Da t a A si a Part N X2-02 April 2009

2 Related publicatins available frm Tandberg Data Asia: Part N. 6582B7 6582A7 6582C7 Title Tandberg Viking FS-1600 NAS Hardware User Manual Tandberg Viking FS-1500 NAS Hardware User Manual Tandberg Viking FS-420U NAS Hardware User Manual This publicatin may describe design s fr which patents are granted r pending. By publishing this infrmatin, Tandberg Data A sia cnveys n license under any patent r any ther rights. Every effrt has been made t avid errrs in text and diagrams. Hwever, Tandberg Data A sia assumes n respnsibility fr any errrs which may appear in this publicatin. It is the plicy f Tandberg Data A sia t imprve prducts as new techniques and cmpnents becme available. Ta ndberg Data A sia therefre reserves the right t change specificatins at any time. We wuld appreciate any cmments n this publicatin.

3 Table f Cntents Table f Cntents i 1. System Overview Prduct Infrmatin Prduct Manageability Redundancy Cnfiguring RAID using 4 HDD (1U) Cnfiguring RAID using 16 HDD (3U) System Vlume (SV) Data Vlume (DV) Deplyment File Server Cnslidatin Multi-prtcl Envirnments Prtcl and platfrm transitins Remte ffice deplyment Envirnment scenaris Wrkgrup Dmain User Interfaces Direct Attached Methd Using Windws Remte Desktp Cnsle Setting Up & Administratin Using Windws Remte Desktp Imprper Clsure f Remte Desktp Telnet Server Enabling Telnet Server Setup Cmpletin Managing System Strage Creating and Managing Users and Grups Jining Wrkgrup & Dmain Creating and Managing File Shares Running Micrsft Windws Update Using Ethernet NIC Teaming Installing 3 rd Party Sftware Applicatins Strage & File Server Management Strage Management Element Physical Strage Element Disk Array Fault Tlerance Online Spares (Ht-Spares) Lgical Strage Element Lgical Drives (LUNs) Partitins Vlumes File System Element File Sharing Element Vlume Shadw Cpy Service Overview Using Strage Element Netwrk Adapter Teaming 3-5 i

4 Table f Cntent 3.5. Disk Management Guidelines fr Managing Disks & Vlumes RAID & Vlume Management Scheduling Defragmentatin Disk Qutas Using Diskpart Example f using Diskpart Adding Strage Expanding Strage Extending Strage using Disk Management File Services Features in Windws Strage Server 2003 R Strage Manager fr SANs Single Instance Strage File Server Resurce Manage Windws SharePint Services Windws Strage Server Management Cnsle Vlume Shadw Cpy Service(VSS) Vlume Shadw Cpy Service Overview Planning fr use f Shadw Cpy Identifying the Vlume Allcating Disk Space Identifying the Strage Area Determining Creatin Frequency Shadw Cpies & Disk Defragmentatin Munted Drives Managing Shadw Cpies Shadw Cpy Cache File Enabling and Creating Shadw Cpies Viewing List f Shadw Cpies Scheduling Shadw Cpies Setting Shadw Cpy Schedule Deleting Shadw Cpy Schedule Viewing Prperties f Shadw Cpies Redirecting Shadw Cpies t Alternate Vlume Disabling Shadw Cpies Shadw Cpies fr Shared Flders SMB Access t Shadw Cpies NFS Access t Shadw Cpies Recvery f Files and Flders Recvering Deleted Files r Flders Recvering Overwritten r Crrupted Files Recvering Flders Backup & Shadw Cpies Shadw Cpy Transprt User & Grup Management Overview Dmain versus Wrkgrup Envirnments User & Grup Name Planning Managing User Names Managing Grup Names Wrkgrup User & Grup Management Flder & Share Management 6-1 ii

5 Table f Cntent 6.1. Flder Management Managing File Level Permissins Share Management Share Cnsideratins Defining Access Cntrl Lists Integrating Lcal File System Security int Windws Dmain Envirnments Cmparing Administrative & Standard Shares Planning fr Cmpatibility between File Sharing Prtcls NFS Cmpatibility Issues Managing Shares Creating a New Share Stpping a Share Mdifying Share Prperties File Server Recurse Manager Using the File Server Resurce Manager Cmpnent Opening File Server Resurce Manager Quta Management File Screening Management Strage Reprt Management Using Cmmand-Line Tls fr File Server Resurce Manager Distributed File System (DFS) Overview DFS Namespaces DFS Replicatin DFS Replicatin Cncept DFS Initial Replicatin DFS Management Snap-in Deplying Namespace (Step-by-Step Guide) Create a Namespace Add a Namespace Server (Dmain) Delegate Management Permissins Add Flders t Namespace Change Hw Target are Ordered in Referrals Rename and Mve a Flder Replicate a Flder in the Namespace Using DFS Replicatin Create a Diagnstic Reprt Brwse the Namespace Test Failver Deplying DFS Replicatin (Step-by-Step Guide) Create a Multipurpse Replicatin Grup and Tw Replicated Flders Add a New Member t Replicatin Grup Share and Publish Replicated Flders in a Namespace Create a Replicatin Grup fr Cllectin Purpses Create a Diagnstic Reprt Micrsft Services fr Netwrk File System (MSNFS) MSNFS Features UNIX Identity Management Micrsft Services fr NFS usage scenaris Micrsft Services fr NFS cmpnents Micrsft Services fr NFS administrative tls 8-3 iii

6 Table f Cntent Micrsft Services fr NFS snap-in Micrsft Services fr NFS cmmand-line tls Test Scenari Steps fr Deplying and Testing Micrsft Services fr NFS Reviewing system requirements fr Micrsft Services fr NFS Setting up the envirnment fr Micrsft Services fr NFS Deply cmputers Create test user accunts Installing Micrsft Services fr NFS Cnfiguring NFS authenticatin Cnfiguring User Name Mapping Specify where UNIX user and grup infrmatin is stred Edit the.maphsts file Create a user map Create a grup map Restart the User Name Mapping service Specifying the User Name Mapping server Creating an NFS shared flder Specifying default permissins fr new files and flders Cnfiguring Windws Firewall Open prts Add mapsvc.exe t the exceptin list Enable file and printer sharing fr administratin tls Testing yur deplyment Test 1: On the cmputer running Client fr NFS, map a drive letter t a UNIX-based NFS shared resurce Test 2: On the cmputer running Client fr NFS, create a test file and verify its permissins Test 3: On a UNIX client cmputer, munt the Windws NFS shared resurce Test 4: On a UNIX client, create a test file and verify the file permissins match, frm bth Windws and UNIX Using Remte Desktp fr MSNFS Using Remte Desktp Using iscsi Sftware Target Micrsft iscsi Sftware Target Virtual Disk Strage Snapshts Wizards Create iscsi Target Wizard Create Virtual Disk Wizard Imprt Virtual Disk Wizard Extend Virtual Disk Wizard Schedule Snapsht Wizard Hardware Prviders Remte Access Methds & Mnitring Remte Desktp Telnet Server 10-2 iv

7 1. System Overview 1.1. Prduct Infrmatin The Tandberg Viking Series NAS appliance can be used in many types f cmputing envirnments, frm basic Micrsft Windws wrkgrups t cmplicated multi-prtcl dmains using DFS, NFS, FTP, HTTP, and Micrsft SMB. The crrespnding varieties f clients that can be serviced include any Windws, UNIX, Linux, Nvell, r Macintsh variant. This chapter prvides an verview f these envirnments and deplyments and includes brief descriptins f the available user interfaces. The Viking Series NAS appliance is the disk-based strage fr remte ffice r small t medium business class NAS slutins that prvide reliable perfrmance, manageability, and fault tlerance. The Viking Series NAS appliance prvides perfrmance gains ver general purpse servers by integrating ptimized hardware cmpnents and specialized perating sftware. Integrating NAS appliance int the netwrk imprves the perfrmance f existing servers because NAS appliances are ptimized fr file serving tasks. Ntes The Viking Series NAS appliance has been specifically designed t functin as a Netwrk Attached Strage server. Except as specifically authrized by Tandberg Data, yu may nt use the server sftware t supprt additinal applicatins r significant functinality ther than system utilities r server resurce management r similar sftware that yu may install and use slely fr system administratin, system perfrmance enhancement, and/r preventative maintenance f the appliance. Yur Viking Series NAS appliance cmes preinstalled with either the Windws Strage Server 2003 R2 perating system (32-bit versin) r the Micrsft Windws Unified Data Strage Server 2003, Enterprise x64 Editin perating system. Micrsft Windws Strage Server 2003 R2 extends the Windws Strage Server 2003 perating system, prviding a mre efficient way t manage and cntrl access t lcal and remte resurces. In additin, Windws Strage Server 2003 R2 prvides a scalable, security-enhanced Web platfrm fr simplified branch server management, imprved identity and access management, and mre efficient strage management. 1-1 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

8 System Overview Ntes The Micrsft Windws Strage Server 2003 x64 Editin perating system is designed t supprt 32 bit applicatins withut mdificatin; hwever, any 32 bit applicatins that are run n this perating system shuld be thrughly tested befre releasing the strage server t a prductin envirnment. Micrsft Windws Unified Data Strage Server 2003, Enterprise x64 Editin perating system prvides unified strage server management capabilities, simplified setup and management f strage and shared flders, and supprt fr Micrsft iscsi Sftware Target. Ntes Fr mre infrmatin abut Micrsft Windws Unified Data Strage Server 2003 perating system, see Using iscsi Sftware Target n chapter Prduct Manageability The Viking Series NAS appliance ships with the fllwing utilities and features that ease the administratin tasks assciated with managing the system: The Recvery Disc (factry image) cntains the precnfigured default settings f either the Windws Strage Server 2003 R2 perating system r the Micrsft Windws Unified Data Strage Server 2003 perating system. This is a quick and easy way t setup r bring the Viking Series NAS appliances back t the factry default cnfiguratin. Using the Windws Remte Desktp client t establish administrative sessin with the appliance withut physically cnnecting t it. Ability t cnnect directly t the NAS appliance s cnsle Redundancy The Viking Series NAS appliance is specifically designed t perfrm file serving tasks fr netwrks, using industry standard cmpnents t ensure reliability. Other industry standard features, such as redundant array f independent drives (RAID) and remte manageability, further enhance the verall dependability f the NAS appliance. T ensure redundancy and reliability, it is recmmended that the hard drives installed in the Viking Series NAS appliance are cnfigured s that a single drive failure will nt cause data lss r system failure. Depending n the mdel f Viking Series NAS used, it is capable f supprt frm 4 HDD t 16 HDD in a single chassis: Viking FS-412 supprts up t 4 HDD (1U) Viking FS-1600 / FS-1610 supprts up t 16 HDD (3U) 1-2 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

9 System Overview Cnfiguring RAID using 4 HDD (1U) Fr the 1U appliance (FS-412) Tandberg Data recmmends tw lgical Vlume sets cnsisting f System Vlume (SV) and Data Vlume (DV) t be created within the RAID set. The RAID set is first created which cmprises f member HDD (number f HDD in a set). The tw lgical vlumes (SV and DV) are then allcated frm aggregated capacity f the RAID set with the desired RAID levels. The System Vlume, installed with the hst perating system, is rganized as RAID 0+1 and the Data Vlume is rganized as RAID 5. This is t allw OS redundancy if mre than ne HDD fails. Please see the Viking Series NAS Hardware User Manual fr details. The vlume layut fr the appliance is illustrated belw. RAID5 HDD 0 HDD 1 HDD 2 HDD 3 RAID0 RAID0 System Vlume RAID1 Data Vlume 1-3 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

10 System Overview Cnfiguring RAID using 16 HDD (3U) The 3U appliance uses (FS-1600 / FS-1610) supprts up t a maximum f 16 HDD. This prvides greater degree f flexibility in RAID cnfiguratins: Allw HDD t be gruped int multiple RAID sets with respect t their usage rle: System Vlume, Data Vlume(s) r RAW Vlumes (fr iscsi target vlume prvisining). HDD f differing capacity can als be gruped int similar RAID sets. Assigning unused HDD as ht-spares. Multiple RAID level supprt n Vlume sets. Depending n the number f HDD used and their capacity, the RAID Set gruping and the RAID level f each Vlume Set is easily custmizable. Belw is a wrking example: Using 16 HDD in which 4 is 750GB and 12 is 1,000GB in capacity. The HDD can be gruped int their respective RAID Set: RAID Set#00 is created t huse the OS as well as a File-system fr sharing. Vlume Set#00 is created with RAID level 0+1 which cntains a usable capacity f 200GB. The remaining RAID Set#00 capacity is sliced int Vlume Set#01 f RAID level 5 that yield a resultant capacity f 1,950GB. Vlume Set#00 is the System Vlume (SV) and Vlume Set#01 is the Data Vlume (DV). RAID Set#00 = 4 x 750GB Vlume Set#00 = 200GB (RAID 0+1) SV Vlume Set#01 = 1,950GB (RAID 5) DV RAID Set#01 is created with iscsi target LUN prvisining in mind. Ten (10) f the 1,000GB HDD are gruped int RAID Set#01 and Vlume Set#00 f RAID level 6 is created ut f it. This yields a usable capacity f 8,000GB after the RAID 6 verhead. RAID Set#01 = 10 x 1000GB Vlume Set#00 = 8,000GB (RAID 6) The remaining tw (2) f the 1,000GB HDD are set as ht-spares. Ht-spare = 2 x 1,000GB The ht-spare can be assigned t any degraded RAID Set fr rebuilding in event that ne (r mre) f its member disk have failed. Ntes While assigning ht-spare t a degraded RAID Set, ensure that the capacity f the ht-spare must be equal r greater than the lwest capacity f the member disk f that RAID Set. 1-4 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

11 System Overview System Vlume (SV) This vlume is rganized as a RAID 0+1 vlume. This vlume includes the perating system image. The minimum recmmended size fr this vlume is 10 GB (default). The RAID level can be custmized using the RAID cntrller BIOS r web-based RAID manager. The web-based RAID manager is nly available after OS installatin r recvery Data Vlume (DV) The remaining hard drives space can be rganized as the Data Vlume using RAID 5 r ther RAID level definable by user. Fr a FS-412 NAS appliance installed with fur 250 GB hard drives, the data vlume size can be set t 735 GB using the recmmended RAID and Vlume settings Deplyment Varius deplyment scenaris are pssible. Typical applicatin f NAS appliances include: File Server Cnslidatin As businesses cntinue t expand their infrmatin technlgy (IT) infrastructures, they must find ways t manage larger envirnments withut a crrespnding increase in IT staff. Cnslidating many servers int a single NAS appliance reduces the number f pints f administratin and increases the availability and flexibility f strage space Multi-prtcl Envirnments Sme businesses require several types f cmputing systems t accmplish varius tasks. The multi-prtcl supprt f the NAS appliance allws it t supprt many types f client cmputers cncurrently Prtcl and platfrm transitins When a transitin between platfrms is being planned, the ability f the NAS appliance t supprt mst file sharing prtcls allws cmpanies t cntinue t invest in file strage space withut cncerns abut bslescence. Fr example, an administratr planning a future transitin frm Windws t Linux can deply the NAS appliance with cnfidence that it can supprt bth CIFS and NFS simultaneusly, assuring nt nly a smth transitin, but als a firm prtectin f their investment Remte ffice deplyment Frequently, branch ffices and ther remte lcatins lack dedicated IT staff members. An administratr lcated in a central lcatin can use the Micrsft Terminal Services, and ther remte administratin methds t cnfigure and administer all aspects f the NAS server. 1-5 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

12 System Overview 1.5. Envirnment scenaris The NAS appliance is deplyed in ne f tw security mdes: Wrkgrup Dmain (Windws NT Dmain r Active Directry Dmain) The NAS appliance uses standard Windws user and grup administratin methds in each f these envirnments. Fr prcedural instructins n managing users and grups, see Chapter 5 f this Manual. Regardless f the deplyment, the NAS appliance integrates easily int multi-prtcl envirnments, supprting a wide variety f clients. The fllwing prtcls are supprted: Distributed File System (DFS) Netwrk File System (NFS) Hypertext Transfer Prtcl (HTTP) File Transfer Prtcl (FTP) Micrsft Server Message Blck (SMB) Wrkgrup In a wrkgrup envirnment, users and grups are stred and managed separately, n each member server f the wrkgrup. Wrkgrups are typical fr very small deplyments where little r n cmputing envirnment planning is required Dmain When perating in a Windws NT r Active Directry dmain envirnment, the NAS appliance is a member f the dmain and the dmain cntrller is the repsitry f all accunt infrmatin. Client machines are als members f the dmain and users lg n t the dmain thrugh their Windws based client machines. The dmain cntrller als administers user accunts and apprpriate access levels t resurces that are a part f the dmain. Additinal infrmatin abut planning fr dmain envirnments can be fund at Micrsft web site. The NAS appliance btains user accunt infrmatin frm the dmain cntrller when deplyed in a dmain envirnment. The NAS server itself cannt act as a dmain cntrller, backup dmain cntrller, r the rt f an Active Directry tree as these functins are disabled in the perating system. 1-6 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

13 System Overview 1.6. User Interfaces There are several user interfaces that administratrs can use t access and manage the Viking Series NAS appliance. Tw f these interfaces are: Using direct attached methd Using Windws Remte Desktp Each interface cntains the same r similar capabilities, but presents them in a different manner. Each f these interfaces are illustrated in the fllwing sectins Direct Attached Methd The Viking Series NAS appliance can be accessed directly be cnnecting a keybard, muse, and mnitr. The default user name is Administratr. The default passwrd is Using Windws Remte Desktp Cnsle The NAS appliance desktp cnsle can be accessed remtely using Windws Remte Desktp. This requires the use f the Windws Remte Desktp client n the machine it is accessing frm. Remte Desktp prvides the ability fr yu t lg nt and remtely administer yur server, giving yu a methd f managing it frm any client. Installed fr remte administratin, Remte Desktp allws nly tw cncurrent sessins. Leaving a sessin running takes up ne license and can affect ther users. If tw sessins are running, additinal users will be denied access. T cnnect the strage server t a netwrk using the Remte Desktp methd: On the PC client, select Start > Run. At Open, type mstsc, then click OK. Type the IP address f the NAS appliance yu will be cnnecting t in the Cmputer bx and click Cnnect. Use the default user name Administratr and default passwrd 1234 t gain system access. Ntes When using Remte Desktp t cnnect t the NAS appliance desktp d nt use the windw clse feature (X). Click n Start/Lg Off Administratr t exit Remte Desktp. See Imprper Clsure f Remte Desktp in Chapter Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

14 System Overview Remte Desktp prvides tw ptins when clsing a client: yu can either discnnect r lg ff the system. Discnnecting leaves the sessin running n the server. Yu can recnnect t the server and resume the sessin. If yu are perfrming a task n the server, yu can start the task and discnnect frm the sessin. Later, yu can lg back n the server, re-enter the sessin and either resume the task r check results. This is especially helpful when perating ver a remte cnnectin n a lng-distance tll line. Ending the sessin is knwn as lgging ff. Lgging ff ends the sessin running n the server. Any applicatins running within the sessin are clsed, and unsaved changes made t pen files will be lst. The next time yu lg nt the server, a new sessin is created. Remte Desktp requires that all cnnecting users be authenticated, which is why users must lg n each time they start a sessin. 1-8 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

15 2. Setting Up & Administratin Basic system administratin functins are discussed in this chapter. This chapter als cntinues the prcess f setting up the system that was started using the Viking Series NAS Hardware User Manual by discussing additinal setup prcedures and ptins. Unless therwise instructed, all prcedures are perfrmed using the Windws Remte Desktp Interface. Ntes The NAS appliance desktp can be accessed via a directly cnnected keybard, muse, and mnitr. Unlike the Windws Strage Server 2003, Windws Strage Server 2003 R2 uses as new Windws Strage Server Management Cnsle that cnfigures and manages shares, strage, qutas, varius file sharing prtcl as well as print service. The Strage Server Management Cnsle can nly be accessed using direct attached methd r Windws Remte Desktp. 2-1 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

16 Setting Up & Administratin 2.1. Using Windws Remte Desktp Remte Desktp is prvided t allw fr additinal remte system administratin and installatin f apprved third-party applicatins. Backup sftware and antivirus prgrams are examples f apprved applicatins. T pen a Remte Desktp sessin frm a cnnecting machine using Windws XP: Select Start > Run. At Open, type mstsc, then click OK. Type the IP address f the NAS appliance yu will be cnnecting t in the Cmputer bx and click Cnnect. Use the default user name Administratr and default passwrd 1234 t gain system access. Ntes Tw pen sessins f Remte Desktp are allwed t perate at the same time. After cmpleting an applicatin d nt use the windw clse feature (X) t clse that sessin f Remte Desktp. Click Start then Lg Off Administratr t exit Remte Desktp Imprper Clsure f Remte Desktp Certain peratins can leave the utilities running if the brwser is clsed versus exiting frm the prgram via the applicatin menu r lgging ff the Remte Desktp sessin. A maximum f tw Remte Desktp sessins may be used at any given time. Imprper exit frm a sessin can result in the sessins becming cnsumed. Sessins and prcesses can be terminated using the Terminal Services Manager via Start > Prgrams > Administratr Tls. Nte The Terminal Services Manager must be accessed via the direct attached methd Telnet Server Telnet Server is a utility that lets users cnnect t machines, lg n, and btain a cmmand prmpt remtely. Telnet Server is preinstalled n the strage server, but must be activated befre use. Ntes Fr security reasns, the Telnet Server is disabled by default. The service needs t be mdified t enable access t the strage server with Telnet. 2-2 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

17 Setting Up & Administratin Enabling Telnet Server The Telnet Server service needs t be enabled prir t its access. The service can be enabled by pening the services MMC: 1. Select Start > Run, and then enter services.msc. 2. Lcate and right-click the Telnet service and then select Prperties. 3. Chse ne f the fllwing: Fr the Telnet service t start up autmatically n every rebt, in the Startup Type drp-dwn bx, click Autmatic, and then click OK. Fr the Telnet service t be started manually n every rebt, in the Startup Type drp-dwn bx, click Manual, and then click OK. On the strage server, access the cmmand line interface, either by Remte Desktp r a direct cnnectin, and then enter the fllwing cmmand: net start tlntsvr The sessins screen prvides the ability t view r terminate active sessins Setup Cmpletin After the NAS appliance is physically set up and the basic cnfiguratin is established, additinal setup steps must be cmpleted. Depending n the deplyment scenari f the NAS appliance, these steps may vary. Additinal setup steps may include: Managing system strage Creating and managing users and grups Creating and managing file shares Running Micrsft Windws Update Using Ethernet NIC teaming Installing third-party sftware applicatins Each f these setup steps is discussed in the fllwing sectins. 2-3 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

18 Setting Up & Administratin 2.4. Managing System Strage The NAS administratr uses Disk Management t manage vlumes, and Shadw Cpies t manage snapshts. See the fllwing chapters fr mre detailed infrmatin n managing system strage: Chapter 3 discusses strage and file server management prcedures Chapter 4 discusses snapsht (shadw cpy) management prcedures Chapter 6 discusses flder and share management prcedures 2.5. Creating and Managing Users and Grups User and grup infrmatin and permissins determine whether a user can access files. If the NAS appliance is deplyed int a wrkgrup envirnment, this user and grup infrmatin is stred lcally n the device. By cntrast, if the NAS device is deplyed int a dmain envirnment, user and grup infrmatin is stred n the dmain usually the Primary Dmain Cntrller. T enter lcal user and grup infrmatin, see Chapter Jining Wrkgrup & Dmain These are the tw system envirnments fr users and grups. Because users and grups in a dmain envirnment are managed thrugh standard Windws r Active Directry dmain administratin methds, this dcument discusses nly lcal users and grups, which are stred and managed n the strage server. Fr infrmatin n managing users and grups n a dmain, see the dmain dcumentatin available n the Micrsft web site Creating and Managing File Shares Files shares must be set up, granting and cntrlling file access t users and grups. See Chapter 6 fr cmplete infrmatin n managing file shares. UNIX specific infrmatin is discussed in the Micrsft Services fr NFS chapter Running Micrsft Windws Update Tandberg Data highly recmmends that yu run Micrsft Windws updates t identify, review, and install the latest, applicable, critical security updates n the strage server. Fr recmmendatins, instructins, and dcumentatin t help manage the sftware update, htfix, and security patches prcess n the strage server, see dcumentatin f Micrsft Sftware Updates available n Micrsft web site. 2-4 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

19 Setting Up & Administratin 2.8. Using Ethernet NIC Teaming All Viking Series NAS appliances are equipped with an Intel r Bradcm NIC Teaming utility. The utility allws administratrs t cnfigure and mnitr Ethernet netwrk interface cntrller (NIC) teams in a Windws-based perating system. These teams prvide ptins fr increasing fault tlerance and thrughput Installing 3 rd Party Sftware Applicatins Fr example, these might include an antivirus r backup applicatin that yu install. 2-5 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

20 Setting Up & Administratin This Page Intentinally Left Blank 2-6 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

21 3. Strage & File Server Management This chapter prvides an verview f sme f the cmpnent that make up the strage structure f the Viking Series NAS appliance Strage Management Element Strage is divided int fur majr divisins: Physical strage elements Lgical strage elements File system elements File sharing elements Each f these elements is cmpsed f the previus level's elements Physical Strage Element The lwest level f strage management ccurs at the physical drive level. Minimally, chsing the best disk carving strategy includes the fllwing plicies: Analyze current crprate and departmental structure. Analyze the current file server structure and envirnment. Plan prperly t ensure the best cnfiguratin and use f strage. Determine the desired pririty f fault tlerance, perfrmance, and strage capacity. Use the determined pririty f system characteristics t determine the ptimal striping plicy and RAID level. Include the apprpriate number f physical drives in the arrays t create lgical strage elements f desired sizes. 3-1 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

22 Strage & File Server Management Disk Array With an array cntrller installed in the system, the capacity f several physical drives can be lgically cmbined int ne r mre lgical units called arrays. When this is dne, the read/write heads f all the cnstituent physical drives are active simultaneusly, dramatically reducing the verall time required fr data transfer. Ntes Depending n the strage server mdel, array cnfiguratin may nt be pssible r necessary. Because the read/write heads are simultaneusly active, the same amunt f data is written t each drive during any given time interval. Each unit f data is termed a blck. The blcks frm a set f data stripes ver all the hard drives in an array. Fr data in the array t be readable, the data blck sequence within each stripe must be the same. This sequencing prcess is perfrmed by the array cntrller, which sends the data blcks t the drive write heads in the crrect rder. A natural cnsequence f the striping prcess is that each hard drive in a given array cntains the same number f data blcks. Ntes If ne hard drive has a larger capacity than ther hard drives in the same array, the extra capacity is wasted because it cannt be used by the array Fault Tlerance Drive failure, althugh rare, is ptentially catastrphic. Fr example, using simple striping with several HDD, failure f any hard drive leads t failure f all lgical drives in the same array, and hence t data lss. T prtect against data lss frm hard drive failure, strage servers shuld be cnfigured with fault tlerance Online Spares (Ht-Spares) Further prtectin against data lss can be achieved by assigning an nline spare (r ht-spare) t any cnfiguratin except RAID 0. This hard drive cntains n data and is cntained within the same strage subsystem as the ther drives in the array. When a hard drive in the array fails, the cntrller can then autmatically rebuild infrmatin that was riginally n the failed drive nt the nline spare. This quickly restres the system t full RAID level fault tlerance prtectin. Hwever, unless RAID 6 is being used, which can supprt tw drive failures in an array, in the unlikely event that a third drive in the array shuld fail while data is being rewritten t the spare, the lgical drive still fails. 3-2 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

23 Strage & File Server Management Lgical Strage Element Lgical strage elements cnsist f thse cmpnents that translate the physical strage elements t file system elements. The strage server uses the Windw Disk Management utility t manage the varius types f disks presented t the file system. There are tw types f LUN presentatin: basic disk and dynamic disk. Each f these types f disk has special features that enable different types f management Lgical Drives (LUNs) While an array is a physical gruping f hard drives, a lgical drive cnsists f cmpnents that translate physical strage elements int file system elements. It is imprtant t nte that a LUN may extend ver (span) all physical drives within a strage cntrller subsystem, but cannt span multiple strage cntrller subsystems. Thrugh the use f basic disks, primary partitins r extended partitins can be created. Partitins can nly encmpass ne LUN. Thrugh the use f dynamic disks, vlumes can be created that span multiple LUNs. The Windws Disk Management utility can be used t cnvert disks t dynamic and back t basic, and manage the vlumes residing n dynamic disks. Other ptins include the ability t delete, extend, mirrr, and repair these elements Partitins Partitins exist as either primary partitins r extended partitins and can be cmpsed f nly ne basic disk n larger than 2 TB. Basic disks can als nly cntain up t fur primary partitins, r three primary partitins and ne extended partitin. In additin, the partitins n them cannt be extended beynd the limits f a single LUN. Extended partitins allw the user t create multiple lgical drives. These partitins r lgical disks can be assigned drive letters r be used as munt pints n existing disks. If munt pints are used, it shuld be nted that Services fr UNIX (SFU) des nt supprt munt pints at this time. The use f munt pints in cnjunctin with NFS shares is nt supprted Vlumes When planning dynamic disks and vlumes, there is a limit t the amunt f grwth a single vlume can underg. Vlumes are limited in size and can have n mre than 32 separate LUNs, with each LUN nt exceeding 2 terabytes (TB), and vlumes ttaling n mre than 64 TB f disk space. The RAID level f the LUNs included in a vlume must be cnsidered. All f the units that make up a vlume shuld have the same high-availability characteristics. In ther wrds, the units shuld all be f the same RAID level. Fr example, it wuld nt be a gd practice t include bth a RAID 0+1 and a RAID 5 array in the same vlume set. By keeping all the units the same, the entire vlume retains the same perfrmance and high-availability characteristics, making managing and maintaining the vlume much easier. If a dynamic disk ges ffline, the entire vlume dependent n the ne r mre dynamic disks is unavailable. There culd be a ptential fr data lss depending n the nature f the failed LUN. 3-3 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

24 Strage & File Server Management Vlumes are created ut f the dynamic disks, and can be expanded n the fly t extend ver multiple dynamic disks if they are spanned vlumes. Hwever, after a type f vlume is selected, it cannt be altered. Fr example, a spanning vlume cannt be altered t a mirrred vlume withut deleting and recreating the vlume, unless it is a simple vlume. Simple vlumes can be mirrred r cnverted t spanned vlumes. Fault-tlerant disks cannt be extended either. Therefre, selectin f the vlume type is imprtant. The same perfrmance characteristics n numbers f reads and writes apply when using fault-tlerant cnfiguratins, as is the case with cntrller-based RAID. These vlumes can als be assigned drive letters r be munted as munt pints ff existing drive letters. The administratr shuld carefully cnsider hw the vlumes will be carved up and what grups r applicatins will be using them. Fr example, putting several strage-intensive applicatins r grups int the same dynamic disk set wuld nt be efficient. These applicatins r grups wuld be better served by being divided up int separate dynamic disks, which culd then grw as their space requirements increased, within the allwable grwth limits File System Element File system elements are cmpsed f the flders and subflders that are created under each lgical strage element (partitins, lgical disks, and vlumes). Flders are used t further subdivide the available file system, prviding anther level f granularity fr management f the infrmatin space. Each f these flders can cntain separate permissins and share names that can be used fr netwrk access. Flders can be created fr individual users, grups, prjects, and s n File Sharing Element The strage server supprts several file sharing prtcls, including Distributed File System (DFS), Netwrk File System (NFS), File Transfer Prtcl (FTP), Hypertext Transfer Prtcl (HTTP), and Micrsft Server Message Blck (SMB). On each flder r lgical strage element, different file sharing prtcls can be enabled using specific netwrk names fr access acrss a netwrk t a variety f clients. Permissins can then be granted t thse shares based n users r grups f users in each f the file sharing prtcls Vlume Shadw Cpy Service Overview The Vlume Shadw Cpy Service (VSS) prvides an infrastructure fr creating pint-in-time snapshts (shadw cpies) f vlumes. VSS supprts 64 shadw cpies per vlume. Shadw Cpies f Shared Flders resides within this infrastructure, and helps alleviate data lss by creating shadw cpies f files r flders that are stred n netwrk file shares at pre-determined time intervals. In essence, a shadw cpy is a previus versin f the file r flder at a specific pint in time. By using shadw cpies, a strage server can maintain a set f previus versins f all files n the selected vlumes. End users access the file r flder by using a separate client add-n prgram, which enables them t view the file in Windws Explrer. 3-4 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

25 Strage & File Server Management Shadw cpies shuld nt replace the current backup, archive, r business recvery system, but they can help t simplify restre prcedures. Fr example, shadw cpies cannt prtect against data lss due t media failures; hwever, recvering data frm shadw cpies can reduce the number f times needed t restre data frm tape Using Strage Element The last step in creating the element is determining its drive letter r munt pint and frmatting the element. Each element created can exist as a drive letter, assuming ne is available and/r as munt pints ff f an existing flder r drive letter. Either methd is supprted. Hwever, munt pints cannt be used fr shares that will be shared using Micrsft Services fr Unix. They can be set up with bth but the use f the munt pint in cnjunctin with NFS shares causes instability with the NFS shares. Frmats cnsist f NTFS, FAT32, and FAT. All three types can be used n the strage server. Hwever, VSS can nly use vlumes that are NTFS frmatted. Als, quta management is pssible nly n NTFS Netwrk Adapter Teaming Netwrk adapter teaming is sftware-based technlgy used t increase a server's netwrk availability and perfrmance. Teaming enables the lgical gruping f physical adapters in the same server (regardless f whether they are embedded devices r Peripheral Cmpnent Intercnnect (PCI) adapters) int a virtual adapter. This virtual adapter is seen by the netwrk and server-resident netwrk-aware applicatins as a single netwrk cnnectin Disk Management Disk Management can be accessed after administratr lgin using Remte Desktp. Disk Management is accessed by right-clicking n the My Cmputer icn n the Desktp and then selects Manage ptin r using the Windws Strage Server Management Cnsle. 3-5 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

26 Strage & File Server Management The Disk Management tl is a system utility fr managing hard disks and the vlumes, r partitins that they cntain. Disk Management is used t initialize disks, create vlumes, frmat vlumes with the FAT, FAT32, r NTFS file systems, and create fault-tlerant disk systems. Mst disk-related tasks can be prefrmed in Disk Management withut restarting the system r interrupting users; mst cnfiguratin changes take effect immediately. A cmplete nline help facility is prvided with the Disk Management Utility fr assistance in using the prduct Nte When the Disk Management utility is accessed, the Remte Desktp cnnectin assumes a dedicated mde and can nly be used t manage disks and vlumes n the server. Navigating t anther page during an pen sessin clses the sessin. Nte It may take a few mments fr the Remte Desktp Cnnectin sessin t lg ff when clsing Disk Management. 3-6 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

27 Strage & File Server Management 3.6. Guidelines fr Managing Disks & Vlumes When managing disks and vlumes: Read the nline Disk Management Help fund in the utility. D nt alter the Operating System Disk labeled C:. This lgical drive is cnfigured fr the strage server perating system and shuld nt be altered in any manner, unless return t factry image is desired. Tandberg Data des nt recmmend spanning arrays (vlume set) with dynamic vlumes. The use f sftware RAID-based dynamic vlumes is nt recmmended. Use the array cntrller instead; it is mre efficient. Use meaningful vlume labels with the intended drive letter embedded in the vlume label, if pssible. Fr example, vlume F: might be named Disk F:. Vlume labels ften serve as the nly means f identificatin. Recrd all vlume labels and drive letters in cases when OS recvery is necessary. When managing basic disks, nly the last partitin n the disk can be extended unless the disk is changed t dynamic. Basic disks can be cnverted t dynamic withut bringing the system ffline r lss f data, but the vlume will be unavailable during the cnversin. Hwever, it cannt be cnverted back t basic withut deleting all data n the disk. Basic disks can cntain up t fur primary partitins (r three primary partitins and ne extended partitin). Frmat drives with a 16 K allcatin size fr best supprt f snapshts, perfrmance, and defragmentatin. NTFS frmatted drives are recmmended since they prvide the greatest level f supprt fr snapshts, encryptin, and cmpressin. Only basic disks can be frmatted as FAT r FAT Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

28 Strage & File Server Management 3.7. RAID & Vlume Management The RAID and Vlume set can be managed using web-based RAID manager. It can be accessed using the fllwing n yur web brwser: NAS machine name r IP Address>:81/ The default user name is admin. The default passwrd is The web-based RAID manager is use t administer further cnfiguratins i.e. changing the RAID level n the System Vlume r the Data Vlume, and mnitr cntrllers as well as the RAID re-building prgress. The default passwrd can be changed using the Mdify Passwrd field lcated n the left clumn strip f the web-based RAID manager. 3-8 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

29 Strage & File Server Management Prir t using the web-based RAID manager, ensure that the web service f RAID manager is started by accessing the Remte Desktp using Start > Prgrams > Areca Technlgy Crp > archttppci > archttppci. Clsing the archttppci applicatin during a web sessin with the array cntrller will result in lst f unsaved infrmatin. 3-9 Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

30 Strage & File Server Management 3.8. Scheduling Defragmentatin Defragmentatin is the prcess f analyzing lcal vlumes and cnslidating fragmented files and flders s that each ccupies a single, cntiguus space n the vlume. This imprves file system perfrmance. Because defragmentatin cnslidates files and flders, it als cnslidates the free space n a vlume. This reduces the likelihd that new files will be fragmented. Defragmentatin fr a vlume can be scheduled t ccur autmatically at cnvenient times. Defragmentatin can als be dne nce, r n a recurring basis. Ntes Scheduling defragmentatin t run n later than a specific time prevents the defragmentatin prcess frm running later than that time. If the defragmentatin prcess is running when the time is reached, the prcess is stpped. This setting is useful t ensure that the defragmentatin prcess ends befre the demand fr server access is likely t increase. If defragmenting vlumes n which shadw cpies are enabled, use a cluster (r allcatin unit) size f 16 KB r larger during the frmat. Otherwise defragmentatin registers as a change by the Shadw Cpy prcess. This increase in the number f changes frces Shadw Cpy t delete snapshts as the limit fr the cache file is reached. Warning Allcatin unit size cannt be altered withut refrmatting the drive. Data n a refrmatted drive cannt be recvered. Nte NTFS cmpressin is supprted nly if the cluster size is 4 KB r smaller Disk Qutas Disk qutas track and cntrl disk space use in vlumes. Nte T limit the size f a flder r share, see Directry Qutas in Chapter 6. Cnfigure the vlumes n the server t perfrm the fllwing tasks: Prevent further disk space use and lg an event when a user exceeds a specified disk space limit. Lg an event when a user exceeds a specified disk space warning level Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

31 Strage & File Server Management When enabling disk qutas, it is pssible t set bth the disk quta limit and the disk quta warning level. The disk quta limit specifies the amunt f disk space a user is allwed t use. The warning level specifies the pint at which a user is nearing his r her quta limit. Fr example, a user's disk quta limit can be set t 50 megabytes (MB), and the disk quta warning level t 45 MB. In this case, the user can stre n mre than 50 MB n the vlume. If the user stres mre than 45 MB n the vlume, the disk quta system lgs a system event. In additin, it is pssible t specify that users can exceed their quta limit. Enabling qutas and nt limiting disk space use is useful t still allw users access t a vlume, but track disk space use n a per-user basis. It is als pssible t specify whether r nt t lg an event when users exceed either their quta warning level r their quta limit. When enabling disk qutas fr a vlume, vlume usage is autmatically tracked frm that pint frward, but existing vlume users have n disk qutas applied t them. Apply disk qutas t existing vlume users by adding new quta entries n the Quta Entries page. Nte When enabling disk qutas n a vlume, any users with write access t the vlume wh have nt exceeded their quta limit can stre data n the vlume. The first time a user writes data t a quta-enabled vlume, default values fr disk space limit and warning level are autmatically assigned by the quta system Using Diskpart Diskpart.exe is a text-mde cmmand interpreter that enables the administratr t manage disks, partitins, r vlumes. When using the list cmmands, an asterisk (*) appears next t the bject with fcus. Select an bject by its number r drive letter, such as disk 0, partitin 1, vlume 3, r vlume C. When selecting an bject, the fcus remains n that bject until a different bject is selected. Fr example, if the fcus is set n disk 0 and vlume 8 n disk 2 is selected, the fcus shifts frm disk 0 t disk 2, vlume 8. Sme cmmands autmatically change the fcus. Fr example, when creating a new partitin, the fcus autmatically switches t the new partitin. Fcus can nly be given t a partitin n the selected disk. When a partitin has fcus, the related vlume (if any) als has fcus. When a vlume has fcus, the related disk and partitin als have fcus if the vlume maps t a single specific partitin. If this is nt the case, fcus n the disk and partitin is lst Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

32 Strage & File Server Management Sme f the cmmn Diskpart cmmands are: add disk Mirrrs the simple vlume with fcus t the specified disk. assign Assigns a drive letter r munt pint t the vlume with fcus. cnvert basic Cnverts an empty dynamic disk t a basic disk. cnvert dynamic Cnverts a basic disk int a dynamic disk. Any existing partitins n the disk becme simple vlumes. create vlume simple Creates a simple vlume. After creating the vlume, the fcus autmatically shifts t the new vlume. exit Exits the DiskPart cmmand interpreter. help Displays a list f the available cmmands. list disk Displays a list f disks and infrmatin abut them, such as their size, amunt f available free space, whether the disk is a basic r dynamic disk, and whether the disk uses the master bt recrd (MBR) r GUID partitin table. The disk marked with an asterisk (*) has fcus. list partitin Displays the partitins listed in the partitin table f the current disk. On dynamic disks these partitins may nt crrespnd t the dynamic vlumes n the disk. This discrepancy ccurs because dynamic disks cntain entries in the partitin table fr the system vlume r bt vlume (if present n the disk). They als cntain a partitin that ccupies the remainder f the disk in rder t reserve the space fr use by dynamic vlumes. list vlume Displays a list f basic and dynamic vlumes n all disks. rem Prvides a way t add cmments t a script. retain Prepares an existing dynamic simple vlume t be used as a bt r system vlume. select disk Selects the specified disk and shifts the fcus t it. Fr a cmplete list f Diskpart cmmands, g t the Windws Strage Server 2003 R2 Desktp n the NAS appliance via Remte Desktp and select Start > Help and Supprt, search n Diskpart Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual

33 Strage & File Server Management Example f using Diskpart The fllwing example shws hw t cnfigure a vlume n the NAS server. In the cmd windw, type: c:\>diskpart DISKPART>rescan DISKPART>select disk 1 DISKPART>cnvert dynamic DISKPART>rem create a simple vlume DISKPART>create vlume simple size=4000 DISKPART>rem assign drive letter F: t the vlume DISKPART>assign letter=f DISKPART>list vl DISKPART>exit Adding Strage Expansin is the prcess f adding physical disks t an array that has already been cnfigured. Extensin is the prcess f adding new strage space t an existing lgical drive n the same array, usually after the array has been expanded. Strage grwth may ccur in three frms: Extend unallcated space frm the riginal lgical disks r LUNs. Alter LUNs t cntain additinal strage. Add new LUNs t the system. The additinal space is then extended thrugh a variety f means, depending n which type f disk structure is in use. NOTE: This sectin addresses nly single strage nde cnfiguratin. If yur server has Windws Strage Server 2003 R2 Enterprise Editin, see the Cluster Administratin chapter fr expanding and extending strage in a cluster envirnment Expanding Strage Expansin is the prcess f adding physical disks t an array that has already been cnfigured. The lgical drives (r vlumes) that exist in the array befre the expansin takes place are unchanged, because nly the amunt f free space in the array changes. The expansin prcess is entirely independent f the perating system. Ntes See yur strage array hardware user dcumentatin fr further details abut expanding strage n the array Tandberg Viking Series Strage Server Administratin Manual