Smart Grid, Smart City Program Update

Transcription

1 Smart Grid, Smart City Program Update

2 What is a Smart Grid? Smart grids combine advanced communication, sensing and metering technology with the existing electricity network Smart sensors and controls on the network provide real-time information to energy distributors so they can more efficiently manage the network Advanced smart meters connect homes and businesses to the smart grid, collecting electricity usage data throughout the day and enabling new display technologies and tariffs/incentives to empower customers and reduce peak demand Smart grids allow greater numbers and types of renewable energy technologies and energy storage to be connected to the electricity network

3 What is the Smart Grid, Smart City Project? $100 million Australian Government Initiative Dept. of Resources, Energy & Tourism (DRET) Developed by Australian Government and consortium led by Ausgrid Partners include IBM, GE Australia, CSIRO, Transgrid, Gridnet, City of Newcastle, City of Lake Macquarie, Hunter Water, Sydney Water, University of Newcastle, University of Sydney Characteristics of Trial Locations: Customer demographics Climate Network topology Local involvement Gather and share information to inform the business case of smart grids in Australia Includes deployment of new, world-class technologies to: Increase reliability and affordability of energy supply Help households better understand and manage their electricity use, costs and greenhouse gas emissions Program commenced in late 2010 and will run for 3 years

4 Why is the Smart Grid, Smart City trial important?

5 Aim & Trials Aim: To produce robust data that can inform the business case and the broader adoption of smart grid technologies throughout Australia Trials: Grid-side applications Trial of information and control technologies that can help improve the reliability and cost effectiveness of the electricity network Customer-side applications Trial of information and electricity management technologies as well as the products (new prices and incentives) they support

6 Electric Vehicles Fleet of 20 Mitsubishi i-miev Electric Vehicles (EV) 4 seater, rear wheel drive, 47 kw power, 180 Nm torque Lithium-ion battery 16 kwh capacity Cost ~$4.30 to fill (Domestic All Time Tariff) City driving range approx. 90 km Based in Sydney and Newcastle areas. 3 vehicles on loan to Program partners 8 x Fast-charge points (32A, 30 mins - 80%) & 50 x Standard-charge points (15A, 6 hrs - 100%) to be installed Gathering information on driving patterns and charging behaviour to analyse and assess the impacts, if any, on current and future infrastructure operations

7 Electric Vehicles >250,000 km travelled to date, 260 registered drivers, 11,515 trips, 44MWh of electricity used 34 / 50 Standard and 2 / 8 Fast charge points installed in trial area to date Data collection continues using electronic logbook, vehicle telemetry and charge points Ausgrid employee home charging trial: 2 groups of 12 employees over 12 months, (6 months each group) Install charging points and meters at homes Determine when / where EVs charged and power consumed, and how EV driving patterns differ from conventional vehicles in residential scenario 15A / 240V Standard charge point 32A / 500V Fast charge point

8 Electric Vehicles Primary sources of data used in EV trial: Electronic Logbook Vehicle Telemetry Unit Charge Point

9 Electric Vehicles Data Point Electronic Logbook Telemetry Unit Charge Point Vehicle ID (Rego) Odometer (Start & End) Trip Time (Start & End) Trip Duration Battery SoC (Start & End) A/C Status Charge Time (Start & End) Trip Location (Start & End) Trip Distance Driving Conditions No. Passengers Driver Name Velocity Shift Lever Position Brake / Turn / Headlamp Status On Board Charger Status Power Consumed in Charge

10 Electric Vehicles EV Charge Point site acquisition & installation findings: Some potential hosts considered charge points inconsistent with current business model Reluctance to designate car space for charge point at expense of tenant / employee parking Security concerns for EVs plugged-in in public accessible locations Extended acquisition timeframe due to processing of legal agreements Installation costs driven by distance of trenching and cabling required between charge point and distribution board, metering and grid connection Installation of isolation transformers Time for installation 1-7 days Next steps: Data collection ongoing Completion of installation of charge point infrastructure Completion of Feeder Taxonomy study Research vendor to be selected Completion of Behaviour Model: o Projection for uptake rate for EVs o Set of scenarios for EV charging schemes

11 Distributed Generation & Storage Operate electricity generation and storage throughout the network in a co-ordinated way to create greater value Includes distributed energy generation and storage devices: o o o o Solar PV systems Natural gas fuel cells Small wind turbines Storage batteries Key outcomes: o Effects of increased penetration of distributed generation and storage on electricity network o Impacts of distributed generation and storage on managing peak demand o Enhancing the value of distributed generation for consumers / networks through the smart grid o Distributed storage impacts on (capital) efficiency for network o Distributed storage help to facilitate intermittent sources of energy o Community benefits from distributed generation and storage

12 Distributed Generation & Storage Locations: Gundy Generation: Small wind turbines Storage: High penetration of domestic batteries Elermore Vale / South Wallsend Generation: Gas fuel cells, Small wind turbines, Solar PV systems Storage: Domestic batteries Newington Generation: High penetration of domestic solar PV systems

13 Distributed Generation & Storage Gundy Upper Hunter Shire LGA 16 Rural customers with 31 meter points on spur line 5 kw Redflow R510 storage battery (x20) 2.4 kw, Skystream 3.7 small wind turbines located at end of feeder (x8) Customer engagement commenced Dec 2011, all Redflow units installed and commissioned May 2012 Small wind turbines deployed with 200 m set-back, 4 properties hosting 2 turbines each Installation and commissioning wind turbines completed by Jun 2012 Solutions sought from 2 vendors for Micro-grid, neither considered viable for deployment. Safety concerns raised regarding fault detection. Study reviewing current and potential protection techniques now proposed Upper Gundy Skystream 3.7 small wind turbine

14 Distributed Generation & Storage Elermore Vale / South Wallsend Newcastle LGA Single 11 kv Feeder, approx. 1,200 households, substations with smart sensing and monitoring 1.5 kw CFCL BlueGEN gas fuel cell (x25) 5 kw RedFlow R510 Zinc Bromine, storage battery (x40) kw, Skystream 3.7 small wind turbines (x2) CFCL BlueGEN gas fuel cell Approx. 60 homes with existing solar PV systems Recruitment, installation, and commissioning process completed for all fuel cells and storage batteries by Dec 2011 Small wind turbine site selection and community consultation processes commenced Redflow R510 storage battery

15 Distributed Generation & Storage Elermore Vale / South Wallsend Newcastle LGA BlueGEN Gas Fuel Cell RedFlow Storage Battery No. Households Contacted No. Households Volunteering Overall Volunteer rate % 17% 18% No. Devices Installed Volunteer Sign-up / Install rate % Overall Sign-up / Install rate % 31% 39% 5% 7%

16 Distributed Generation & Storage Elermore Vale / South Wallsend Newcastle LGA Issues affecting BlueGEN site suitability No gas connection readily available / gas connection information unavailable Available locations potentially affected by noise Difficult site access Insufficient space, particularly in medium / high density housing Issues affecting RedFlow site suitability Difficult site access for crane or lifting apparatus Available locations potentially affected by noise Requirement for adequate space in front of the cabinet for maintenance Insufficient space particularly in medium / high density housing Overall installation relatively straight-forward, but very reliant on positive customer experience being maintained over multiple visits by various trades

17 Distributed Generation & Storage Elermore Vale / South Wallsend Newcastle LGA Customer acquisition findings No gas connected / gas connection information unavailable Warm-up letter from Council confused some customers Volunteer rate increased from 2% (mail only) to 20% (mail + phone follow up) Door knocking helped but time consuming and expensive Initial site suitability assessments challenging Disappointment for volunteers with technically unsuitable sites Older customers more sceptical about new technologies, less likely to volunteer Proactive engaged volunteers promoted project to neighbours - Word of mouth Door knocking more successful later in customer acquisition process Economic benefits of each device offer influenced rate of acquisition i.e. BlueGen uptake higher than RedFlow

18 Distributed Generation & Storage Newington, Sydney (former 2000 Olympic Village) Auburn LGA ~1,100 households with pre-existing Solar Photo-Voltaic (PV) systems 334 x 0.5 kw, 767 x 1 kw, 1 x 1.5 kw, 1 x 17.3 kw, 1 x 64 kw Total capacity ~ 1,000 kw Ausgrid Smart Home Network re-configured to concentrate effects Distribution centre sensing and monitoring in place Owners of approx. 250 non-performing Solar PV systems offered free inspection and repair quote - telephone and mail campaigns Approx. 100 Inspections completed majority of issues related to inverters

19 Grid Applications Main trial location - Nelson Bay area, Port Stephens LGA Active voltage support & power factor correction (AVVC) Fault detection, isolation & restoration (FDIR) Substation & feeder monitoring (SFM) Wide-area measurement (WAM) Key outcomes: o o o o Improvements in system reliability (number and duration of supply interruptions) Economic benefits, such as reduced operating costs Reductions in transmission losses and power quality benefits Ability of electricity network to support more renewable energy

20 Active Voltage support & power factor Correction / Co-ordinated Voltage Control (AVVC / CVC) Context: Distributors required to keep voltage between V, nominal 230 V. As more houses connect to power line, voltage at end furthest from sub-station lowers. Compensate for lowered voltage by keeping voltage at end nearest sub-station high as possible Solar PV systems contribute to increasing voltage on power lines and surrounding houses. Large installations / high penetration in the same area requires lowering of voltage at end nearest to substation to ensure appliances not exposed to potentially higher voltages May result in better power for customers and reduction in wasted power occurring under current scheme of keeping near sub-station end voltage as high as possible. Potential for increased asset lifetime may lead to reduced energy costs Aim: To leverage Smart Grid platform to measure voltage delivery across the distribution network to enable more efficient management

21 Active Voltage support & power factor Correction / Co-ordinated Voltage Control (AVVC / CVC) Devices to be used: o Controller to dynamically adjust voltage o Capacitor banks and regulator along feeders to finely control voltage remotely o Sensors in street-side substations to monitor power at street level o New controller in Newcastle control room to monitor / manage all new devices o Advanced smart meters installed in homes in trial area to measure power supply How it works: The devices work together to monitor voltage levels on the network, carefully analyses them, then automatically engages most appropriate devices to maintain voltage at most suitable levels Improved management of voltage protects sensitive electrical appliances and also reduces electricity lost through network occurring under current scheme of keeping near sub-station end voltage as high as possible Also shows how to prepare for greater numbers of electric vehicles, solar panels and other new technologies, to be connected to network safely and reliably

22 Fault Detection, Isolation & Restoration (FDIR) Context: Electricity supplied via overhead power lines, can be up to 40 kilometres long. In blackout, emergency crews patrol power lines to find cause e.g. fallen tree branch / lightning strike. Takes time, especially through bushland Trialling new technology to prevent outages, and to help reduce their frequency, duration and No. of customers affected Aims: Improve reliability of supply through advanced Distribution Management System Make use of better network data to determine probability of a fault occurring Devices to be used: o Smart reclosers - automatically isolates fault when occurs on overhead network o Load break switches - reconfigure overhead network to restore power to areas not directly affected o Advanced smart meters installed in homes to monitor trial performance o IntelliRupters o 11kV Network Sensors

23 Fault Detection, Isolation & Restoration (FDIR) How it works: Switches arranged on network so when fault detected and automatically isolated causing a blackout, information about blacked out area automatically / immediately communicated back to control room via our wireless and fibre-optic communications network Control room uses information to remotely isolate fault and when safe, redirect power as quickly as possible from other parts of network to maximum No. affected customers Emergency crews dispatched directly to fault site area without need to search, greatly reducing target area and search time Idea for future is sophisticated algorithm instantly diagnoses location of fault then automatically restores power to customers outside fault area in <10 seconds Main driver of trial to verify safety and efficiency of tool against current systems and processes In future may be possible for whole process to occur within few seconds of outage being detected

24 Substation & Feeder Monitoring (SFM) Aims: Testing new technology and processes to improve electricity substation and feeder lifetimes and maintenance processes, being: Identify overloaded substations and improve tracking of transformer life Real time dynamic cable rating on feeders to identify and track hot spots Real time visual inspection of critical assets Information collected fed into maintenance processes and improve prediction of maintenance requirements Identification and development of standard for weather monitoring systems Increased asset lifetime and increased asset utilisation may lead to reduced energy costs Devices to be used: o Transformer dissolved gas monitors o Distributed temperature sensors o Partial discharge monitors o Oil cable pressure monitors o Weather monitors o Distribution monitoring and control devices o Video monitoring o Advanced smart meters in homes compare performance with grid based devices

25 Substation & Feeder Monitoring (SFM) Current State of Distribution Monitoring Maximum Demand Indicator Measures only single phase current to 20% accuracy On-site manual read every 6 months Earth Fault Indicator Mechanical flag drops with the presence of an earth fault Manually used to restore supply and manually reset

26 Substation & Feeder Monitoring (SFM) Distribution Monitoring & Control Solution Benefits : Reduced operational costs (no need to send crews to read indicators) and reduced capital expenditure through improved replacement and expansion planning Switch Actuator Set up to add remote control capabilities in future Voltage Transducer Remotely measures 3Ø voltage to 3% accuracy Optical Current Transducer Remotely measures all currents to 3% accuracy Remote Telemetry Unit Various communications options incl. 3G & WiMAX to Enterprise Services Bus

27 Wide Area Measurement (WAM) Context: Phasor measurement data historically used by transmission utilities to monitor state of power network High frequency measurement of voltage and current allows detection of disturbances in transmission network, and their impact to be measured and monitored Aim: Test use of Phasor Measurements in a WAM system to better predict network system state and possibly prevent network scale blackouts Devices to be used: o Sites for Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs): 6 Sub-transmission Substations on High Voltage Busbars Up to 10 TransGrid Substations PMUs connected to voltage transformers (all sites) and current transformers (selected sites) o VPN network to enable data integration between TransGrid and Ausgrid o Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) to consolidate data from PMUs and provide analysis platform

28 Customer Applications 30,000 advanced smart meters for households: 20,000 meter Network roll-out (No charge and No change to tariff) Representation of wider Australian grid and demographics i.e. energy consumption, dwelling type, income, climate zone 10,000 meter Retail roll-out - Smart meter installed when opt-in to product / tariff offer Feedback technologies: Web portals, In-Home Displays (IHD) and Home Area Networks (HAN) New tariffs and incentives for reducing energy use and peak demand o o Information on ways to save energy Real-time energy usage and associated Greenhouse gas emissions Key outcomes: o o o o Take-up rates for feedback technologies and products Responses in terms of energy (Greenhouse gas) or demand reductions Measurement of network and customer benefits when take-up rate is significant Customer interactions and experience (including perceptions)

29 Customer Applications Smart Meter Rollout Network rollout of Advanced Smart Meters Hunter Lake Macquarie Arcadia Vale Argenton Balmoral Belmont Belmont North Blackalls Park Bolton Point Bonnells Bay Brightwaters Buttaba Cardiff Cardiff South Carey Bay Caves Beach Charlestown Coal Point Cooranbong Croudace Bay Dora Creek Dudley Edgeworth Eleebana Fassifern Fennell Bay Fishing Point Floraville Gateshead Highfields Jewells Kahibah Kilaben Bay Killingworth Kotara South Macquarie Hills Morisset Morisset Park Pelican Rathmines Swansea Swansea Heads Tingira Heights Toronto Valentine Wangi Wangi Warners Bay Whitebridge Windale Windermere Park Yarrawonga Park

30 Customer Applications Smart Meter Rollout Network rollout of Advanced Smart Meters Hunter Newcastle Adamstown Adamstown Heights Beresfield Birmingham Gardens Broadmeadow Carrington Cooks Hill Elermore Vale Fletcher Georgetown Hamilton Hamilton East Hamilton North Islington Jesmond Kotara Lambton Maryland Maryville Mayfield Mayfield West Merewether New Lambton New Lambton Heights Newcastle North Lambton Rankin Park Shortland Tarro Wallsend Warabrook Waratah Waratah West Cessnock, Muswellbrook & Upper Hunter Aberdare Abermain Bellbird Branxton Cessnock Congewai Ellalong Greta Heddon Greta Kurri Kurri Muswellbrook Paxton Pelaw Main Scone Weston

31 Customer Applications Smart Meter Rollout Network rollout of Advanced Smart Meters Sydney Sydney Alexandria Chippendale Darlinghurst Erskineville Haymarket Redfern Rosebery Auburn Auburn Berala Homebush Lidcombe Newington Regents Park Silverwater Ku-ring-gai East Killara East Lindfield Gordon Hornsby Killara Lindfield North Turramurra Pymble Roseville St Ives St Ives Chase Turramurra Wahroonga West Pymble Rushcutters Bay North Wahroonga St Peters Surry Hills Sydney Ultimo Waterloo Zetland

32 Customer Applications Simple In-Home Display Provides real-time information about home electricity consumption and estimated costs Real time display of electricity usage and cost in 5 minute intervals Displays electricity use and estimated cost per hour Can be used to estimate running cost of individual appliances Obtains data directly from advanced smart meter

33 Customer Applications Web Portal Provides real-time information about energy use and costs from computer or smart phone Detailed, real-time information on electricity use Estimate electricity costs Estimate Greenhouse gas emissions Comparison with similar households Interactive e.g. competitions Information can be monitored remotely

34 Customer Applications - Home Area Network Appliance sub-metering and control system with associated web portal which also provides visibility on home and individual appliance current and historical electricity use by day / month / year as well as real time power consumption Smart Plugs installed between appliance and power point Allows customer to analyse electricity consumption at appliance level Provides ability to remotely turn appliances on/off via website / smart phone app Consumption information displayed on web portal Up to 10 household appliances supported Increase awareness of energy use and costs Provides greater transparency of energy use

35 Customer Applications Other devices Demand Response Enabling Device (DRED) Enables SGSC / Retailers to cycle air conditioner during peak load periods Customers have ability to override DRED via customer portal Rebate to customer for DRED trial participation and compliance Cognitive Metering Using advanced software algorithms to interpret electrical characteristics Enables customers to monitor usage at appliance level without sub-metering Water smart meter Working with Sydney Water to install smart water meters Connect via HAN to provide water usage data Gas smart meter Laboratory testing to be conducted

36 Customer Applications Products Dynamic Peak Rebates Customers that opt-in asked to reduce usage during peak events Greater reduction in usage during event = greater rebate provided Customers notified by SMS / between hours prior to event Peak time 2-8 pm weekdays, event duration 4 hours Average rebate payment to customer per event: $20 Rebates provided as credit to debit card or retail voucher Lifestyle Audits Objective to help reduce overall and peak consumption without adversely impacting lifestyle Free audit 1-1½ hours Report provided with recommendations Regular follow-up and feedback conducted throughout trial Audit designed in conjunction with RMIT University (Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology)

37 Community Engagement Community seminars Oct 2011: Water Efficiency Seminar Nov 2011: Solar PV Seminar Feb 2012: Distributed Generation & Storage Trial Mar 2012: Schools Program Apr 2012: Electric Car Trial Jun 2012: Benefits of Smart Grids Jul 2012: Household Technology Trial Aug 2012: Household Technology Trial Part 2 Sep 2012: Sustainable House day Newington Smart Home Media releases Dec 2010: First look at Smart Grid, Smart City Centre enewsletters Dec 2010 Nov 2011 Mar 2012 May 2012 Sep 2012 May 2011: Households power grid, cut hot water bills with fuel cells Jun 2011: Newcastle homes invited to join mini power station trials Sep 2011: Smart Grid, Smart City Centre opens its doors Sep 2011: Electric car trial plugs in to test impact on grid Oct 2011: New technology trial to help reduce power bills Dec 2011: Scone homes invited to join energy trials Apr 2012: Homes to power rural street in Australian-first trial May 2012: Port Stephens smart grid trial Jul 2012: Upper Hunter technology trials to help reduce power bills The Taylors The new Smart Home family Event Sponsorship & Participation Nov 2011 & Sep 2012: Living Smart Festival Lake Macquarie Apr 2012: Smart Energy Expo Newcastle Nov 2011 & Aug 2012: Hunter Valley Electric Vehicle Festival

38 Community Engagement Smart Grid, Smart City Centre Tours & Meetings 19 Honeysuckle Drive, Newcastle, Tue - Sun, 10 am - 4 pm, Ph: Community group meetings e.g. Together Today School and teacher visits e.g. ClimateCam for Schools representatives Daily visitors to SGSC Centre, walk-ins, appointments 50,000 Newcastle residence letterbox drop of SGSC Centre brochure Mar 2012 Radio advertising Newcastle Airport promotion SGSC Centre available for sustainability themed, non-commercial meetings / events Website: Contact Centre:

39 Discussion The Smart Grid, Smart City Project will produce data that will inform the business case for smart grids across Australia Register your interest at: or call