The State of the Electrical Grid in Washington State. Michael Pesin, PMP, P.E. Seattle City Light

Transcription

1 The State of the Electrical Grid in Washington State Michael Pesin, PMP, P.E. Seattle City Light April 24, 2014

2 *Seattle City Light *National and Washington State Electrical Grid Today *Smart Grid *Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration Project *Selected Smart Grid Systems and Projects

3 Seattle City Light is the 10th largest public electric utility in the United States. *It has some of the lowest cost customer rates of any urban utility, providing reliable, renewable and environmentally responsible power to nearly 1 million Seattle area residents. *City Light has been greenhouse gas neutral since 2005, the first electric utility in USA to achieve that distinction.

4 Metered Customers - 400,000+ *Service Area Size sq. mi. *7 Hydro Power Plants 1,810 MW *Annual power consumption 9.7B kwh

5 Hydro 92.4% Wind 4.1% Other 3.5% Nuclear, Coal, Natural Gas, Biomass, Waste and Petroleum

6 Initiative I-937 *The initiative requires large utilities to obtain 15% of their electricity from new renewable resources such as solar and wind (but excluding hydro) by 2020.

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9 Communication/Security Architecture

10 *Support for smart grid became federal policy with passage of the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of The law, Title13, established budget and matching program to states, utilities and consumers to build smart grid capabilities. *EISA directed the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to coordinate the development of smart grid standards. *Smart grid received financial support with the passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, which set aside $11 billion for the creation of a smart grid.

11 Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration Project Largest Smart Grid Demonstration Project in the Nation

12 * Substantially increases smart grid asset installation in the region by purchasing and installing smart grid technology * $178 Million project led by Battelle * Project participants include BPA ($10M), 11 utilities ($52M), 5 project-level vendors ($27M). DOE matched with $89M. * Over 60,000 metered customers directly affected * 112 MW of responsive resources (loads and generation) engaged * Demonstrates coordination of smart grid assets locally and across the region using innovative communication and control system * Hierarchical communication from generation through transmission and distribution, and then onward to the end users * Transactive control innovative incentive signal that coordinates smart grid resources to support regional needs for transmission, reliability, renewables, etc. 12

13 Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration Project

14 Utilities: Summary of Scope of Work Back-up Generation Battery / Storage Demand Response Distributed Generation Distrib Auto/Mgmt PHEV / EV Diagnostics End-user Portals AMI Avista Utilities Includes microgrid, creating of educational opportunity at WSU, and a test of a full range of DR measures Benton PUD Explore interoperability and install a web-based interface for improved data management City of Ellensburg Test renewable (solar, wind) technologies, evaluate incentives for investing in comm. renewable energy park, involving CWU. Flathead Electric Coop. An evaluation of four levels of residential smart grid technologies in Libby and near Kallispell Idaho Falls Power Includes microgrid and solar sites at local public schools Lower Valley Energy Includes optimization of resources, reliablity improvements in extreme weather locations at sites in Western Wyoming Milton-Freewater City Light & Power NorthWestern Energy Peninsula Light Company Portland General Electric UW / Seattle City Light Includes outage reporting, voltage and frequency stability; dlc for electric heat, hot water heater, cycling of a/c and city water pump Also, data management. Includes state capitol buildings complex in Helena and remote rural areas near Phillipsburg Improve reliability and defer construction of underwater cable service to island using direct load control and CVR Realize dynamically reconfigurable feeders with intentional islanding and improve integration of intermittent resources A utility/university collaboration to create a "smart microgrid" with campus facilities mgt, administrators, faculty and students

15 Aggregation of Power and Signals Occurs Through a Hierarchy of Interfaces Source: Lee Hall, BPA Presentation

16 Transactive Control A single, integrated, smart grid incentive signaling approach utilizing an economic signal as the primary basis for communicating the desire to change the operational state of responsive assets. Transactive Incentive Signal (TIS) A representation of the actual delivered cost of electric energy at a specific system location (e.g., at a transactive node). Includes both the current value and a forecast of future values. Transactive Feedback Signal (TFS) A representation of the net electric load at a specific system location (e.g., at a transactive node). Includes both the current value and a forecast of future values.

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18 Distribution Feeder Automation (DFA) Fault Location Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR)

19 MOD MOD MOD MOD MOD

20 MOD MOD MOD MOD MOD

21 MOD MOD MOD MOD MOD

22 Dynamic Voltage Optimization/ Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) Volt/VAR Control Phase Load Balancing

23 Dynamic Voltage Optimization *Dynamic Voltage Optimization is a method of conserving energy on the electric distribution system through the reduction of delivery voltage. *Many customer loads consume less power at lower voltages. *The Dynamic Voltage Optimization application takes advantage of real-time voltage measurements collected from AMI meters and/or sensors along feeder lines and controls the load tap changer at the substation and devices on a feeder. *As a result, the average delivery voltage can be regulated to lower levels to enable energy, kw, and VAR savings.

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27 *1,000 Nissan LEAF cars *2,500 Level 2 (220V) Chargers *1,000 residential (L2) ~ 1,500 public/commercial (L2) *~ 50 DC fast-chargers (L3)

28 Input from the driver: Requested time for EV to be fully charged Input from EV: Battery state of charge Conditioned input from renewable energy sources: Available power Input from Electric Utility: Available grid transmission and distribution capacity Input from Electric Utility: Time of Use (TOU) Price Signal Virtual Power Plant Application Application that provides variable rate EV charging signal based on available renewable generation and grid constraints Battery Inverter EV Charging Station (EVSE) PEV Electric Power Grid

29 Telematics Internet Communication Path Internet

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31 *Microgrids are electricity distribution systems containing loads and distributed energy resources, (such as distributed generators, storage devices, or controllable loads) that can be operated in a controlled, coordinated way either while connected to the main power network or while islanded.

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33 PNNL: DOE OE: Smart grid: Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration Project: BPA wind site: Smart Grid Consumer Collaborative: The Northwest Power and Conservation Council. The State of the Columbia River Basin. Fiscal Year 2013 ANNUAL REPORT

34 Seattle City Light Michael Pesin