Insecticide Resistance Action Committee IRAC overview & update on activities.

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1 Insecticide Resistance Action Committee IRAC overview & update on activities. 33rd Insecticide Resistance Action Group (IRAG) meeting Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK. 4th Novemeber 2014

2 30 years of IRAC The 1st IRAC Brussels, Belgium March 13 th, 1984 People attending: 6 48th Meeting - Jealott s Hill, Berkshire, UK March with 13 members People attending: 45 6 company members: Voss / Ciba Geigy (Chair) Lindley / Cyanamide Cronin / FMC Davies / ICI Knauf / Hoechst Zoebelein / Bayer 1992-London 49th Meeting RTP North Carolina, USA March with 13 members People attending: 50

Voss / Ciba Geigy (Chair) Lindley / Cyanamide Cronin / FMC Davies / ICI Knauf / Hoechst Zoebelein /

3 Insecticide Resistance Action Committee INTERNATIONAL Steering Group EXECUTIVE Executive Committee Comm./Education R. Database (MSU) Methods Mode of Action Crop Protection Public Health Public Health Plant Biotechnology Biotechnology Coleoptera IRAC Country Groups IRAC Spain IRAC Brazil IRAC S.Africa Sucking Pest Lepidotpera IRAC Australia IRAC SE Asia IRAC India IRAC USA IRAC Philippines IRAC Argentina

Database (MSU) Methods Mode of Action Crop Protection Public Health Public Health Plant Biotechnology

4 Insecticide Resistance Action Committee INTERNATIONAL Steering Group EXECUTIVE Executive Committee Comm./Education R. Database (MSU) Methods Mode of Action Crop Protection Public Health Public Health Plant Biotechnology Biotechnology Coleoptera IRAC Country Groups IRAC Spain IRAC Brazil IRAC S.Africa Sucking Pest Lepidotpera IRAC Australia IRAC SE Asia IRAC India IRAC USA IRAC Philippines IRAC Argentina

5 IRAC web-site: communicating knowledge & education

6 IRAC web-site: Pest Pages

7 IRAC web-site: Methods & Method videos

8 IRAC web-site: Mode of action classification tools

9 Mode of Action classification: Phone/Tablet App 9

10 E-connection 10

11 E-Connection: IRAC news letter 11

12 Working Group Activities RESISTANCE MONITORING

% proportion of population % of populations in susceptibility catagory Percentage of samples which fall into each susceptibility catagory Insecticide Resistance Action Committee Introduction and

13 % proportion of population % of populations in susceptibility catagory Percentage of samples which fall into each susceptibility catagory Insecticide Resistance Action Committee Introduction and Background Pyrethroid resistance has been recorded in European populations of the pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus) since 1999, when it was first reported in Eastern France. The IRAC Coleopteran Working Group brings together expertise from agrochemical companies and independent researchers in order to monitor the development and spread of resistance in pollen beetles and other coleopteran pests of oilseed rape. Pyrethroid, neonicotinoid, indoxacarb and organophosphate susceptibility is measured by the use of insecticide coated glass vial assays. Results of the 2013 susceptibility monitoring program are presented in this poster. More details of the methods used in this survey can be found on the IRAC website ( 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2013 pyrethroid resistance monitoring: Meligethes aeneus IRAC Coleopteran Working Group Pollen Beetle Resistance Monitoring 2013 Highly Resistant Resistant Moderately resistant Susceptible Highly susceptible 3A IRAC MoA IRAC method # & ug/cm 2 lambda-cyhalothrin doses Scoring system based on mortality at both doses indicates susceptibility status. Pyrethroid resistant populations of pollen beetle dominate in most of the European countries surveyed. 4A IRAC MoA 2013 neonicotinoid susceptibility monitoring: Meligethes aeneus 22A IRAC method # ug/cm 2 thiacloprid dose: > 95% mortality indicates susceptibility. 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% <75% 94-75% >95% IRAC MoA 1B IRAC MoA Indoxacarb & Organophosphate susceptibility IRAC method # 25 (Chlorpyrifos-ethyl) IRAC Method # 27 (Indoxacarb) All European populations of pollen beetle tested were susceptible to both Indoxacarb and organophosphates based on the IRAC recommended discriminating dose. Country No. of populations tested Indoxacarb OP United Kingdom 4 0 Czech Republic 0 1 France 7 9 Germany 30 1 Hungary 1 2 Poland 2 5 Greece 0 2 Sweden % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Changes in the pyrethroid susceptibility of pollen beetle populations % Highly Resistant Resistant Moderately Resistant Susceptible Highly Susceptible 3A IRAC MoA Susceptibility surveys conducted between 2007 & 2013 suggest that in general pyrethroid resistant populations of pollen beetle have been on the increase in Europe. However, there are suggestions that since 2011, the number of resistant populations could be decreasing. Summary & Recommendations In the majority of countries surveyed, pyrethroid resistant populations of pollen beetle dominate (> 60% are resistant). 14% of pollen beetle populations surveyed in Europe can be classified as pyrethroid susceptible (2012= 7%). Across the UK, France, Germany and Poland there was evidence for an increase in the percentage of susceptible populations compared with 2012, with changes most noticeable in the UK and France. From the countries surveyed in Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, most populations were susceptible. The majority of populations tested across Europe remained susceptible to neonicotinoids, with only a small number of populations from Germany indicating a reduced susceptibility (<1% total samples). There was no evidence of changes in indoxacarb or organophosphate susceptibility observed in all countries surveyed. In order to prevent further insecticide resistance development, it is recommended that insecticides with different modes of action are utilised in an effective resistance management program, dependent on local insecticide availability and national use guidelines. IRAC guidelines for resistance management in oilseed rape can be found on the IRAC website ( IRAC would like to thank all of those who contributed to the survey. Participants are too numerous to name, but their contributions are very much appreciated. This poster is for educational purposes only. Details are accurate to the best of our knowledge but IRAC and its member companies cannot accept responsibility for how this information is used or interpreted. Advice should always be sought from local experts or advisors and health and safety recommendations followed. Version 1.0, Designed and produced by IRAC Coleopteran Working Group, February 2014, Photographs courtesy of Syngenta Crop Protection 13 Visit to IRAC web-site for further details at

The IRAC Coleopteran Working Group brings together expertise from agrochemical companies and independent researchers in order to monitor the development and spread of resistance in pollen beetles and

14 IRAC US: Funded Click research to edit Master projects title style Research Investigators Timeline Management of Insecticide Resistance in Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP) Populations Phil Stansly, University of Florida Year 2 of 3 Year Study Resistance risk assessment in populations of the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) to recommended insecticides: resistance monitoring in Texas and Florida, and establishment of the Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP) resistance website portal. Patricia V. Pietrantonio & Cecilia Tamborindeguy, Texas A&M University Year 2 of 3 Year Study Assessment of Southern Chinch Bug Insecticide Resistance Prevention Eileen Buss, University of Florida Year 2 of 2 Year Study 14

insecticides: resistance monitoring in Texas and Florida, and establishment of the Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP) resistance website portal. Patricia V.

15 Research Projects Spodoptera frugiperda Tuta absoluta Alabama argillacea 1 Grapholita molesta 1 Bemisia tabaci Euschistus heros Chrysodeixis includens Helicoverpa armigera Tetranychus urticae 2 1 Concluded 2 Institutional

tabaci Euschistus heros Chrysodeixis includens

16 Working Group Activities EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL

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18 18

19 Working Group Activities IRM RECOMMENDATIONS

20 2013: Myzus resistance in Peaches in S. Europe 20

21 21

22 IRAC International Statements on IRM practice

23 IRAC guidelines on on IRM practice 23

24 Company agreement on mode of action labelling & alignment of IRM label language

25 Questions? 25

41 T Korea, Rep. 52.3. 42 T Netherlands 51.4. 43 T Japan 51.1. 44 E Bulgaria 51.1. 45 T Argentina 50.8. 46 T Czech Republic 50.4. 47 T Greece 50.

41 T Korea, Rep. 52.3. 42 T Netherlands 51.4. 43 T Japan 51.1. 44 E Bulgaria 51.1. 45 T Argentina 50.8. 46 T Czech Republic 50.4. 47 T Greece 50. Overall Results Climate Change Performance Index 2012 Table 1 Rank Country Score** Partial Score Tendency Trend Level Policy 1* Rank Country Score** Partial Score Tendency Trend Level Policy 21 - Egypt***