Ambient Air Quality Division Air Quality and Noise Management Bureau Pollution Control Department

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1 The Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network in Thailand by Mr. Vitsanu Wingpud Ambient Air Quality Division Air Quality and Noise Management Bureau Pollution Control Department

2 Outline Introduction P C D 3 2 Objectives Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network 4 Scope of works

3 Introduction Ambient air quality monitoring is one of the most components in an air quality management program Under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act of 992, Pollution Control Department is responsible for monitoring air quality in Thailand and subsequently preparing an annual report on the state of air quality of the country The ambient air quality data obtained from the monitoring is generally used in a variety of different ways, but in most cases it is seen as an essential precursor to some form of control activities

Thailand and subsequently preparing an annual report on the state of air quality of the country The ambient air quality data obtained from

4 History of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring in Thailand 98: The National Primary Ambient Air Quality Standards were promulgated The first air quality monitoring system installed in 983 consisted of 8 stations located in BKK (not on-line system) The first on-line and real-time continuous air quality monitoring system installed in 987 consisted of 5 stations located in Samut Prakarn (JICA s assistance) Methodology The third monitoring system (an on-line and real-time system) put in place in 99, consisted of 4 stations located on the curb-sides of streets in BKK In 992, PCD with the technical assistance from the Swedish Gov. started preparing the design of a nation-wide ambient air quality monitoring network and a meteorological monitoring network The networks completely stalled in 996 were gradually put in several phases through the upgrade of the existing air quality monitoring stations and the installation of new ones

assistance) Methodology The third monitoring system (an on-line and real-time system) put in place in 99, consisted of 4 stations located on the curb-sides of streets in BKK In 992, PCD with the

5 2 Objectives ) to determine whether the general levels of pollutants in the atm. are likely to be harmful, 2) to evaluate the magnitude of air pollution problems, 3) to evaluate long term air pollution trends from which to formulate policy with regard to abatement action, 4) to assess the effectiveness of air pollution control program and mitigation measures implemented to prevent adverse effects of air pollutants, 5) to provide information on a problem of particular concern for which actions are needed, 6) to serve as source data on which to base planning decisions and for use in EIA of particular installation on project, 7) to isolate individual rogue emissions to justify control action, 8) to provide information for different kinds of reports and also for validation of studies, 9) to provide information for correlation with medical studies

assess the effectiveness of air pollution control program and mitigation measures implemented to prevent adverse effects of air pollutants, 5) to provide information on a problem of particular

6 3 Ambient air quality monitoring network North Region N-Eastern Central East South Air Quality Stations Total = 57

7 3. Ambient air quality monitoring station Region Province No. of Stations No. of 00-m. met. masts Central Region (32 stations) Bangkok Samut Prakarn Pathum Thani Nontha Buri Ayut Thaya Sara Buri Ratcha Buri Samut Sakhorn Nakhon Sawan Northern Region (0 stations) Chiang Mai Lam Pang Mae Hong Son Chiang Rai Nan Lum Phun 2 4 North Eastern Region (2 stations) Khon Kaen Nakhorn Ratchasima Eastern Region (8 stations) Chon Buri Ra Yong Cha Choeng Sao 3 4 Southern Region (5 stations) Surat Thani Phu Ket Song Khla Ya La Nara Thiwat Total 25 provinces 57 5

Sawan 7 5 2 2 2 Northern Region (0 stations) Chiang Mai Lam Pang Mae Hong Son Chiang Rai Nan Lum Phun 2 4 North Eastern Region (2 stations)

8 National Ambient Air Quality Standards Standards Pollutants -hr 8-hr 24-hr -month -year Measurement Methods CO (ppm) Non-Dispersive Infrared NO 2 (ppm) (2008) Chemiluminescence SO 2 (ppm) Pararosaniline/ Ultraviolet Fluorescence (2003) TSP (mg/m 3 ) Gravimetric PM 0 (mg/m 3 ) Gravimetric / Beta Ray/ TEOM/ Dichotomous (2003) O 3 (ppm) (2007) Chemiluminescence /Ultraviolet Absorption Photometry (2003) Pb (mg/m 3 ) Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

04 Pararosaniline/ Ultraviolet Fluorescence (2003) TSP (mg/m 3 ) - - 0.33-0. Gravimetric PM 0 (mg/m 3 ) - - 0.2-0.

9 3.2 Ambient air quality monitoring station in Chiang Mai Location Yupparaj Wittayalai School Chiang Mai Government Center Pollutants are: CO SO 2 NO, NO 2, NOx O 3 PM 0, PM2.5

10 Instruments PM0 Instrument Analyzers

11 3.3 Ambient air quality monitoring station in Nakhorn Rachasima Location Wastewater pumping Chumpol rd. Pollutants are: CO SO 2 NO, NO 2, NOx O 3 PM 0

12 Instruments PM0 Instrument Analyzers

13 3.4 Equipment on the roof of station PM0 s inlet Sampling probe

14 Ambient air quality monitoring Network (Cont.) Meteorological devices (0 or 3o m.) Wind (speed & direction) Temperature Radiation (solar & net) Humidity Pressure and Rain Gage

15 Temperature & Humidity Net Radiation Rain Gage

16 Wind Speed, Wind Direction Local Telephone Service TEMP, RH, Rain Solar &Net radiation SO2 Analyzer Modem The central processing computer for data storage and analysis Modem O3 Analyzer Data Logger NOx Analyzer CO Analyzer PM0 Analyzer PM2.5 Analyzer Extended File Storage Calibrator REMOTE STATION Diagram of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station and Data Transmission System

Data Logger NOx Analyzer CO Analyzer PM0 Analyzer PM2.

17 A central processing computer for data storage and analysis at PCD A central processing computer for data storage and analysis at PCD

18 4 Scope of Works AQM Operation and preventive maintenance Physical check, clear any alarm and validate data every days Replace new sample filter in analyzer unit, every 5 days Single-point cal, every 5 days Check & clean sampling system, every month Quality Assurance/Quality Control, every 3 months Multi-point calibration, every 3 months Check & clean air conditioner system, every 3 months Mass flow controller calibration, every 6 months Metrological check, every 6 months Replace consumable parts, following manufactory requirement Gases Phase Titration check, every 6 months Hydrocarbon cutter check, every 6 months

Multi-point calibration, every 3 months Check & clean air conditioner system, every 3 months Mass flow controller calibration, every 6 months Metrological

19 4. Audit Program System audit by third party time/yr. Questionnaire/Check List Certificate Transfer Equipment Calibration Client Data Work Sheet Report Form

20 4.2 Data Processing and Analysis Calibration Report Zero and Span drift control limits (Thailand) Zero Drift Span Drift CO O3, NO2, SO2 CO,O3, NO2, SO2 No adj +/- 0.3ppm +/- 3 ppb +/- 5% Adj > +/- 0.3ppm > +/- 3ppb +/- 5% to 5% Cal > 3% of Range > 3% of Range +/- 5% to 5% Invalid > 5%

NO2, SO2 No adj +/- 0.3ppm +/- 3 ppb +/- 5% Adj > +/- 0.

Sustaining Thailand National Air Quality Monitoring Network System

BAQ Pre-Event on Improving Air Quality Monitoring Systems in Asia Hong Kong, 4 December 2012 Sustaining Thailand National Air Quality Monitoring Network System Patcharawadee Suwanathada, Ph.D. Director