Sustaining Thailand National Air Quality Monitoring Network System

Transcription

1 BAQ Pre-Event on Improving Air Quality Monitoring Systems in Asia Hong Kong, 4 December 2012 Sustaining Thailand National Air Quality Monitoring Network System Patcharawadee Suwanathada, Ph.D. Director of Ambient Air Quality Division Air Quality and Noise Management Bureau Pollution Control Department Thailand Outline Timeline for Thailand National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring i Network Air quality monitoring Network operation Challenges 1

2 Time line for Thailand ambient air quality monitoring network 1981 National Ambient Air Quality Standards were promulgated (subsequently revised in 1995, 2001, 2004, 2007, 2010,--) 1983 The first air quality monitoring system : 8 stations located in BKK (not on-line system) 1987 The first on-line and real-time continuous air quality monitoring system consisted of 5 stations located in Samut Prakan (JICA s assistance) 1991 On-line and real-time continuous system : 4 stations located on the curb-sides in BKK PCD with the technical assistance from the Swedish Government started preparing the design of a nation-wide ambient air quality monitoring i network and a meteorological l monitoring i network The nation-wide ambient air quality monitoring network was gradually developed by put in several phases Sustainable network The network operation including the installation of the new stations, the operation and maintenance and the upgrade of the existing air quality monitoring stations PCD ambient air monitoring network: requirement for site or area selection Representative ambient air quality for the area:- general area, roadside or special purpose Representative concentration in the high population density area Potential to have impact from significant sources or source categories Regional pollutant transport populated areas Welfare-related related impacts in more rural and remote areas The highest concentration expected to occur in the area For example:- Residential area, commercial area, industrial area, Transboundary haze pollution, etc. 2

3 North 14 Northeast 3 The National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network in Thailand Central 31 East 10 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations 63 Meteorological Stations 5 + Mobile units (as of December 2012) South 5 Pollution Control Department Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Ambient air quality monitoring stations Station criteria General areas Roadside areas Special purpose areas Mode of operations Continuous automated t equipments Continuous sampling and measurement PM 10 PM 2.5 NO x /NO CO O 3 SO 2 THC NMHC VOCs TSP PM 10 Lead VOCs 3

4 Continuous automated air quality monitoring station Ambient air quality monitoring mobile unit Meteorological monitoring network 100-m meteorological monitoring masts (measured at different height: 2, 10, 50 and 100 m) Meteorological masts at ambient air quality monitoring stations (10-m height) 4

5 Wind Speed, Wind Direction REMOTE STATION TEMP, RH, BP Rain Solar &Net radiation Local Telephone Service SO 2 Analyzer O 3 Analyzer Data Logger NO x Analyzer CO Analyzer PM 10 Analyzer Internet GPRS Extended File Storage PM 2.5 Analyzer Calibrator The central processing computer for data storage and analysis Diagram of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station and Data Transmission System Network management Ambient air quality monitoring plan (subjected to revise) Operation and maintenance cost estimation Number of existing stations ti needed d for O/M service Number of new/ relocate/ upgrade stations => capital cost (plus warranty period) Budget planning and approval for each fiscal year Yearly management options depending on budget allocation:- Sufficient budget for all stations :- service contract Sufficient budget for most of the stations :- most are under service contract and some are operated by PCD Insufficient budget :- Most are operated by PCD and some are considered shut down or discontinue some measurement 5

6 Network operation For 2013Fiscal year Network maintenance and operation Almost all stations are under service contract Some are operated by PCD Quality assurance system Data validation by PCD Monitoring stations and system performance are audited by a third party Example of Service contract General tasks :- Lists of equipments/spare parts/ consumable parts Sampling Data acquisition system Single point calibration Multi point calibration Mass flow controller Meteorological equipments Efficiency test Accuracy test Air conditioning system test/cleaning Emergency cases Reporting Etc. Service contract evaluation is mainly based on percentage of validated data 6

7 Example of service contracts Service contracts for ambient air quality network operation and maintenance (subjected to revised year by year) Setting service plan for - 10 months (depending on the budget allocation) Lists of equipments/spare parts and consumable parts Activities required by the service contract Service every 15 days sampling/data acquisition system/single point calibration/log book Multi point calibration every 3-4 months Mass flow controller every 6 months Meteorological equipment every 6 months Efficiency test of Molybdenum converter Accuracy test of zero air scrubber and ozone generator of calibrator Air conditioning system test and cleaning Emergency cases Reporting etc. Example: Network operation for 2013 Fiscal year 63 Ambient air quality monitoring stations 5 stations replacement/relocate/ upgrade 34 stations under service contract 8 stations operated by PCD Cost estimation per station: Capital cost USD 146,200.- O&M cost USD 4,200 USD 27,200 Cost estimation for the network Consumables, parts, supplies USD 128,300 Repairing equipment USD126, stations under warranty (2011 new sites /2012 upgrade) 7

8 Bangkok s air quality monitoring program General ambient air quality monitoring stations Continuous automated ambient air quality stations s (10) Roadside air quality monitoring stations Long- term continuous automated ambient air quality stations (7) Short- term temporary air quality stations (21) (TSP/PM 10 /CO) Air toxics monitoring program 2003 PCD has begun air toxics monitoring program in Bangkok, focusing on carbonyl group (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde,..) and expansion in 2004 to aromatic group:- benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene PCD with technical assistance from JICA, carried out the project Development of Environmental and Emission Standards of VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) in the Kingdom of Thailand, March 2006 February One of the activities of JICA VOC project is to enhance the capacity in VOCs monitoring system. National ambient air quality standards for VOCs (9 compounds) were promulgated. present VOC monitoring program 18 stations in 5 regions. Sampling frequency at least 24 hr. sampling times for once a month. USEPA method-to-14a,to-15. 8

9 Challenges on the national ambient air quality monitoring Policy national plan, designated critical area, budget allocation Personnel skilled technician, strengthening local staff capacity Technology calibration (ozone primary standards), quality assurance Dissemination data utilization/cost effectiveness PCD upcoming role redesign the network to support the local administration and to sustain the national system 9