outline of the presentation...

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1 a world of science fiction? social and economic Higher Education in the 21 st Century: Opportunities and Challenges Jamil Salmi Hong Kong, 6 April 2011 progress is achieved principally through the advancement and application of knowledge World Development Report 1998/99 3 the future of higher education? outline of the presentation... 2 importance of knowledge changing education needs & practices implications for developing countries 4 1

2 explaining the difference between poverty and wealth creative work in the economy South Korea p er cap ita ( 2000 US$) Difference in output due to TFP growth or knowledge accumulation in Korea Real G DP Brazil Difference in output due to growth in labor and capital in Korea K4D progr 7 South Korea and Brazil tertiary secondary primary

3 evolution of Nokia sales 9 11 windmills 10 3

4 knowledge for safety seismology vulcanology climatology (floods, tsunamis, droughts, etc.) tsunami 26 December

5 Japan (11 March 2011) 17 acceleration of speed of creation of new knowledge 18 5

6 how can we update our knowledge? changing education needs and practices new skills outline of the presentation... importance of knowledge changing education needs and practices

7 changes in job task-skill demands in the USA ( ) Expert Thinking 10 r c e n t ile C h a n g e P e Routine Manual Complex Communication Non-Routine Manual Routine Cognitive Source: Autor, Levy, and Murnane (2003) The Skill Content of Recent Technological Change: An Empirical Exploration, Quarterly Journal of Economics PISA results Percentage of students at (below) each proficiency level on the mathematics scale Below Level 1 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6 Finland Ireland Korea Brazil Colombia Hong Kong-China Indonesia 26 7

8 design new competencies luxury Razr with lizard skin

9 Giorgio Armani-Samsung mobile fashion phones

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11 creative work in the economy developing countries 43 creativity invent experiment think out of the box take chances break the rules make mistakes and have fun 42 11

12 changing education needs and practices to wisdom new skills lifelong learning from innocence today postgraduate studies first degree

13 university of the future? Undergraduate studies On-campus Career change studies Graduate studies On-line Continuing education 49 changing education needs and practices new skills lifelong learning learning to learn and unlearn continuously 50 13

14 new pedagogical approaches where you want focus on learning tailored to needs of individuals rather than teaching new and varied modalities for learning: interactive & collaborative learning when you want

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17 opportunity or challenge? In the early twenty-first century, people will be able to study what they want, when they want, where they want, and in the language they prefer, electronically. Peter Knight, July outline of the presentation... challenges for developing countries quality and relevance equity importance of knowledge changing education needs & practices implications for developing countries 66 sustainable funding flexibility 68 17

18 For sale: charming and peaceful residence away from neighbors, with a wonderful view of the sea, a grand period staircase, and lots and lots of light need for effective QA system professionally strong and independent QA agency combination of selfassessment and external reviews internal QA units and processes 71 quality & relevance It is not wrong to be different. programs professional skills soft competencies measurement of student learning outcomes effectiveness of e-learning 70 It is wrong to be treated differently if you are. 18

19 equity outcomes of primary and secondary education a tale of two chemistry Nobel prize winners (almost ) financial barriers non-financial factors information motivation academic preparation Lord Rutherford Sir Chris Langan a genius in all of us? Lord Rutherford 76 19

20 Chris Langan, the most intelligent man on Planet Earth 60 impact of social background on PISA reading score (2009) importance of motivation and social factors effects of caste identity on academic results equity 7 High caste Low caste tension between excellence and equity 6 5 US: selectivity vs. efficacy (Penn State vs. Yale) Numb ber of mazes solved US: merit scholarships UK: graduates from expensive private schools 55 times more likely to get into Oxford or Cambridge 1 0 Caste unannounced Caste announced Source: K.Hoff and P.Pandey, Belief Systems and Durable Inequalities : An experimental investigation of Indian caste. p.13. Policy Research Working Paper.Washington, DC: World Bank,

21 81 sustainable funding: impact of the crisis? quality equity international competitiveness 82 21

22 Comparison of US and UK Endowment Levels US Institutions Endowments Assets (2009 million $) UK Institutio ns Endowment Assets (2009 million $) Harvard University 25,662 Cambridge 6,327 Yale University 16,327 Oxford 5,767 Stanford University 12,619 Edinburgh 264 Princeton University Manchester 204 University of Texas 12,163 Glasgow 164 looking back to the past

23 looking ahead to the future? 25 May 2010 National Talent Development Plan ( ) 23

24 flexibility flexibility good feedback mechanisms strategic planning to orient change ability to react and adapt rapidly

25 a brave new world?

26 the brick university the click university competing in the learning society

27 competing in the learning society... competing in the learning society competing in the learning society... rule of the strongest

28 rule of the most patient what is your vision? 28