AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN ITALY: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE CHALLENGES
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1 Workshop TOWARDS CLEAN AIR FOR EUROPE: A CHALLENGE Siracusa, 9-11 november 25 AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN ITALY: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE CHALLENGES Mario C. Cirillo and Silvia Brini APAT (Italian National Agency for Environmental Protection and Technical Services)
2 DRIVING FORCES
3 PRIMARY ENERGY SOURCES IN ITALY 8% Mtoe 25 7% 6% 2 5% 4% 3% 15 1 toe % oil % gas % solid fuel % other energy input (Mtoe) 2% 1% 5 % APAT elaboration based on ENEA (24) Energy and Environment Report
4 ENERGY FINAL USES IN ITALY Mtoe 4% 16 35% 14 3% 12 25% 2% 15% % domestic & al. % transport % industry % other final energy (Mtoe) 1% 4 5% 2 % APAT elaboration based on ENEA (24) Energy and Environment Report
5 PRESSURES
6 THE PAST The 1988 Italian National Energy Plan
7 reference year NATIONAL INVENTORY (APAT) (actual: 172) (actual: 185) Source: Italian Energy Plan, 1988
8 ANTHROPOGENIC SOx EMISSIONS IN ITALY other transport domestic & al. industry power plants kton Source: APAT
9 NOx EMISSIONS IN ITALY other domestic & al. industry power plants transport kton Source: APAT
10 ANTHROPOGENIC COVNM EMISSIONS IN ITALY other domestic & al. agriculture industry transport kton Source: APAT
11 CO EMISSIONS IN ITALY other transport kton Source: APAT
12 NH 3 EMISSIONS IN ITALY other transport agriculture kton Source: APAT
13 Pb EMISSIONS IN ITALY kton 25 2 other transport Source: APAT
14 C 6 H 6 EMISSIONS IN ITALY kton 25 2 other transport Source: APAT
15 PM 1 EMISSIONS IN ITALY 25 2 kton 15 1 agriculture & forestry domestic & al. power plants industry transport Source: APAT
16 driving forces versus pressures decoupling?
17 Overall emission trends in Italy, TPES SO2 NOx NM VOC CO PM 1 NH3 Benzene GHG Source: APAT
18 TRAFFIC AND AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN ITALY (BASE YEAR 199 = 1) Car traffic Truck traffic NOx emissions NMVOC emissions PM1 emissions Source: APAT
19 TRAFFIC AND GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS IN ITALY (BASE YEAR 199 = 1) Car traffic Truck traffic Greenhouse emissions Source: APAT
20 International and inter-ue comparison
21 PRODUCED WEALTH PER UNIT PRIMARY ENERGY 1 9 Canada Stati Uniti Francia Germania Gran Bretagna Italia Giappone Russia Brasile Cina India Messico 8 United Kingdom GDP (1 3 $)/ primary energy (toe) France Italy Japan Germany India United States Brazil Canada Mexico China Russia APAT elaboration based on ENERDATA and IMF data
22 AIR EMISSIONS PER UNIT PRIMARY ENERGY 22 3, 25, Gg/Mtoe 2, 15, 1, France Germany Italy Spain United Kingdom UE15 5,, SO2 NOx CO NMVOC
23 6, 5, 199 Gg/Mtoe 4, 3, 2, France Germany Italy Spain United Kingdom UE15 1,, 6, 5, SO2 NOx CO NMVOC 22 AIR EMISSIONS PER UNIT PRIMARY ENERGY 4, Gg/Mtoe 3, 2, France Germany Italy Spain United Kingdom UE15 1,, SO2 NOx CO NMVOC
24 Past challenges
25 Torino Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) annual average µg/m TO - Consolata TO - P.Rebaudengo Source: CNEIA, Italian Ministry of the Environment
26 Milano µg/m 3 Annual SO 2 concentration Juvara Source: CNEIA, Italian Ministry of the Environment
27 SO 2 EMISSIONS AND CONCENTRATIONS IN ITALY SO 2 national emission SO 2 conc TO Consolata SO 2 conc TO Rebaudengo SO 2 conc MI Juvara Source: CNEIA, Italian Ministry of the Environment
28 Torino Carbon monoxide (CO) annual concentration 14, 12, 1, 8, mg/m 3 6, 4, 2,, TO - Consolata TO - Rebaudengo TO-Lingotto Source: CNEIA, Italian Ministry of the Environment
29 Annual CO concentration - Milano - Marche Source: CNEIA, Italian Ministry of the Environment
30 CO EMISSIONS AND CONCENTRATIONS IN ITALY CO national emission CO conc TO Consolata CO conc TO Rebaudengo Source: CNEIA, Italian Ministry of the Environment
31 benzene and lead past challenges (with few exceptions)
32 Present (and past) challenges
33 24 Torino annual NO2 concentrations µg/m anno TO-Consolata TO-Rebaudengo TO-Lingotto MEDIA Source: CNEIA, Italian Ministry of the Environment
34 annual NO2 concentrations Milano - Juvara Source: CNEIA, Italian Ministry of the Environment
35 Torino Ozone annual average µg/m Alpignano Borgaro Druento Orbassano TO Lingotto Pino Torinese (staz. in quota 619 m ) Vinovo Source: CNEIA, Italian Ministry of the Environment
36 APAT
37 Torino Total PM annual average µg/m TO - Rebaudengo TO - Consolata TO-Grassi Source: CNEIA, Italian Ministry of the Environment
38 Milano Total PM annual concentration - Juvara e Liguria Source: CNEIA, Italian Ministry of the Environment
39 PM CONCENTRATIONS AND EMISSION OF PRIMARY PM AND ITS PRECURS Source: CNEIA, Italian Ministry of the Environment PM national emiss NOx national emiss SOx national emiss VOC national emiss PM conc TO Consolata annual average PM conc TO Rebaudengo annual average PM conc MI Juvara/Liguria annual average
40 annual PM1 concentration Milano - Juvara Source: CNEIA, Italian Ministry of the Environment
41 FIRENZE air quality (red line indicates 25 limit value) (in parenthesis the number of monitoring stations for each year) PM 1 : MAX - min of annual concentration 1 9 (7) (1) (1) (9) (1) (9) (6) (1) (16) (16) µg/m (12) PM 1 : MAX - min exceedings of daily limit value 3 25 (7) (1) (1) n. of days (9) (8) (9) (5) (9) (12) (16) (16) 5 APAT elaboration of data from Toscana Regional Environment Agency
42 PM1 in Italy: daily versus annual concentrations Source: CNEIA, Italian Ministry of the Environment
43 Future challenges
44 PM 2,5 ANNUAL AIR CONCENTRATION IN ITALY TOWN MONITORING STATION MILANO Zavattari MILANO Via Messina COMO Como Centro BRESCIA Cantore 21 ASTI Buttigliera d'asti 3 BOLZANO Piazza Verdi 16 BOLZANO Via C. Augusta TRENTO Largo Porta Nuova 26 LIVORNO Viale Carducci 25 FIRENZE Giardino di Boboli FIRENZE Viale Bassi FIRENZE Viale Gramsci FIRENZE Viale Rosselli 5 51 FIRENZE Via Ponte alle Mosse MONTELUPO Montelupo F.no - Pratelle Source: CNEIA, Italian Ministry of the Environment
45 responses
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