Development of CO 2 A/C System

Transcription

1 Development of CO 2 A/C System

2 CK s s Aiming of CO 2 Air Conditioning System Aiming CK develops two kinds of CO 2 air conditioning systems. These are the one for the vehicles of a source of the present drive and for the electric vehicle ( EV ). Belt Drive System ( for Current Drive Vehicle ) Optimum for Low Temperature Engine Cooling Water Vehicle by High Performance Heat pump Improvement for Vehicle Drivability by Active Control for Refrigeration Cycle Smaller size Compressor than Current one Electric Drive System ( for EV ) High Performance in Heating ( HFC system can not achieve ) Same Amenity as Current Vehicle Air Conditioning

3 CK Development Policy Past Future Compressor Belt Drive type with Flow Cont. ECV Motor Drive type Belt Drive type with Press. Diff. Cont. ECV Motor-Drive Type Comp. & Pressure Difference control ECV Safety Valve Flow Control type Pressure Difference Control type Orifice Tube Belt-Drive Type Comp. with ECV & Orifice Tube Cost

4 Aiming of Electric Compressor System Multi-mode Air Conditioning System Cooling, Heating, and Dehumidifying Function of the Air conditioning of the Current Vehicles is realized even the Vehicles has not Waste Heat like an Pure EV. Enough Heater Performance is accomplished even if Dehumidifying.

5 Refrigeration Cycle 3 A/C modes are provided. A/C ECU ( Electronic Control Unit ) selects A/C mode Automatically. Heating Cycle Heat pump Heater Drawing Heat from Ambient Air High Efficiency Heater system than PTC Heater Air Intake : Fresh Air mode Dehumidifying Cycle Heating mode while Dehumidifying Case of Window Frost Case of Bi-Level mode Air Intake : 5% Fresh Deicing Heating / Cooling Cycle Deicing Heating Cycle Based on Dehumidifying cycle Deicing for Outside Heat Exchanger Air Intake : 5% Fresh Cooling Cycle Cooling mode

6 Refrigeration Cycle Configuration Three way Valve Heat pump & Refrigerant Recover Line Check Valve 3 Accumulator Evaporator Outside H/X Compressor Internal H/X Check Valve 1 Heating Cycle Heat pump High Press. Ref. Low Press. Ref. Electric Valve Air Mix Door Sub Gas Cooler Check Sub Gas Cooler : Substitute Heater Core Heat Exchanger for Heater Control : Ambient Temperature < degc : Heat pump Heater / Dehumidifying Heater Ambient Temperature > degc : Heat pump Heater / Dehumidifying Heater / Deicing Heater Merit : Space Utility : Single H/X at the Heater Core Position High Efficiency : Direct Air Heating

7 Refrigeration Cycle Configuration High Press. Ref. Low Press. Ref. Solid Line = REF. Flow Dot Line = REF. not Flow Three way Valve Heat pump & Refrigerant Recover Line Outside H/X Check Valve 1 Electric Valve Compressor Check Three way Valve Heat pump & Refrigerant Recover Line Outside H/X Check Valve 1 Electric Valve Compressor Check Three way Valve Heat pump & Refrigerant Recover Line Outside H/X Check Valve 1 Electric Valve Compressor Check Check Valve 3 Internal H/X Check Valve 3 Internal H/X Check Valve 3 Internal H/X Accumulator Accumulator Accumulator Evaporator Sub Gas Cooler Evaporator Sub Gas Cooler Evaporator Sub Gas Cooler Heating Cycle-1 Heat pump Heating Cycle-2 Dehumidifying Heater Heating Cycle-3 Deicing mode Cooling Cycle

8 Result of Cooling Estimation Cooling Performance is compared to Current HFC134a Cycle. ( Start-up Performance Decline can be Improved by the Valve Control ) Estimation Conditions Ambient Temp. = 35degC 7%RH Sun Load = 76W/m 2 Vehicle = C segment SUV Estimation Pattern = CK s Cool Down Condition 1 5 Vent. Outlet Temp. (degc) 8 4 Ave. of Room Temp. (degc) VENT 吹 出 平 均 Little Inferior to the Current System Discharge 室 内 8 点 平 Press 均 (MPa) 6 Discharge Pd Temp. (degc) 3 Td Comp. Freq. (Hz) Hz km/h 1km/h IDL Time (min) Average Room Temp. Time Current CO2 Unit : Time ( min ) Temp. ( degc )

9 Belt Drive Compressor System CO 2 Heat pump System is developed. Vehicle Drivability is Improved by Active Cycle Control. Active Cycle Control Electronic Valve and External Control Valve (ECV) Optimize Compressor Torque and Cycle Efficiency. Active Cycle Control Orifice and ECV Optimize both. Even Compact Vehicle (B-segment) can be applied CO 2 A/C by Active Cycle Control. Enough Heating Performance : Only Heat pump Heating has Enough Performance. (Amb. Temp. = 1degC, Without Water Heater ) Safety --- Active Cycle Control and High Withstand Pressure of H/X (Crash Test 15km/h : Refrigeration Cycle operates Normally) Fuel Economy --- Heat pump does not rob Energy of Engine Cooling Water Engine Friction can be Decreased at Start-up.

10 Approach to Small Vehicles Issue (1) Bad Drivability by Compressor Torque (2) Bad Fuel Consumption Countermeasure Control of Compressor Torque Method Torque Control using ECV by measuring Compressor Torque Torque measurement device Torque sensor Torque estimate Cost Test result is OK Engine& A/C AMP Next step Engine& A/C AMP Drivability & Fuel consumption A/C AMP Only Drivability is good Ride program Nissan CUBE Eng : 1.3L Gasoline

11 Refrigeration Cycle Configuration 4way Valve High Press. Ref. Low Press. Ref. Outside H/X Check Valve 4 Combine System Combine Heating System with Engine Cooling Water and CO 2 Heat pump. Compressor Internal H/X Valve 1 Low Temperature Water Vehicle Heat pump can heat Engine Cooling Water. Check Valve 1 Accumulator Check Solenoid valve 1 Engine Heater Core Inside H/X Air Mix Door Solenoid Heating Cycle Check Valve 3 Water-Refrigerant H/X Active Control Electronic Control Valve and External Control Valve (ECV) adjust Refrigeration Cycle Actively. Vehicle Drivability is Improved.

12 Refrigeration Cycle Configuration High Press. Ref. Low Press. Ref. Broken Line : Refrigerant does not Flow Outside H/X Outside H/X 4way Valve Check Valve 4 4way Valve Check Valve 4 (Orifice) Compressor Internal H/X Compressor Internal H/X Valve 1 Valve 1 Accumulator Check Valve 1 Check Accumulator Check Valve 1 Check Solenoid valve 1 Engine Check Valve 3 Water-Refrigerant H/X Solenoid valve 1 Engine Check Valve 3 Water-Refrigerant H/X Inside H/X Heater Core Inside H/X Heater Core Solenoid Solenoid Heating Cycle (Heat pump) Dehumidifying Heating (Deicing) Cooling Cycle

13 Cooling Performance Compared with the 134a A/C system, the A/C system with Excellent Cooling Performance has been developed Prediction Torque 5 Vehicle Speed 1 Temperature(degC) a CO2 Room Temp Torque ratio(%) Speed(km/h) Room Temp Ave(CO2) Vent Outlet Ave(CO2) Room Temp Ave(134a) Vent Outlet Ave(134a) Prediction Torque Vehicle Speed 1 Outlet Temp. 134a CO Time(min) 2 Condition Amb Temp = 4degC,5%RH

14 Heating Performance Estimation (Water Heating + H/P) Appling to Low Water Temperature Vehicle, Heating Performance is Improved Greatly. Condition Amb. Temp. = 2degC Intake : Fresh Blower Fan : High 6 Water Temp. (Low Water Temp. Vehicle) Water Temp (+Heat pump) Outlet Temp. (Low Water Temp. Vehicle) Outlet Temp. (+Heat pump) 6 5 Water Temp. increases Foot Outlet Temp. (degc) Engine Cooling Water Temp. (degc) km/h Outlet Temp. increases Over 5degC Time (min)

15 Pressure Response (Safety Control) by ECV Rapid Pressure Rise can be Restrained by External Control Valve (ECV). (In ECV Duty Ratio is 1%, Pressure is Changed According to Engine Speed. ) 3 3 Safety Control Start Engine Speed (rpm) Engine Speed Rise Normal Control Area Pressure Rise is Prevented (<.5MPa) by ECV Safety Control Area Pd Ps (Pd-Ps) Valve Duty ECV Duty Engine Speed Pressure (MPa) ECV is Controlled so Quickly Duty Ratio (%) Time (sec)

16 Pressure Response (Safety Control) by ECV Most Rapid Pressure Rise like Racing is Prevented by Full De-Stroke (ECV duty = %) and External Valve Full Opening. Engine Speed (rpm) Rapid Engine Speed Rise Pd Exp. Valve Duty ECV Duty ENG Speed Pressure ( MPa) Duty (%) Pressure Rise can be Prevented Comp. : De-Stroke Exp. Valve : Full Open Time (sec)

17 Pressure Response (Safety Control) by ECV Most Rapid Pressure Rise like Racing is Prevented by De-Stroke Rapid Engine Speed Rise Pd Ecv RPM Engine Speed (rpm) Pressure (MPa) Duty (%) Pressure Rise can be Prevented Comp. : De-Stroke Time(sec) -3

18 ECV Control In Small Vehicle, Change of ENG Speed is very Large. Since CK s compressor uses Fixes Differential Pressure type ECV, this controllability is so good. Thereby, Drivability of Vehicles is Improved so much. Pd-Ps Differential pressure( MPa) ECV Duty(%) Pd13-2 Pd13-3 AverageZ

19 Compressor Torque Control 1 Compressor torque was measured by all conditions as an approach of the torque control, and the tendency was calculated. Test Condition Compressor : 2Model 3cc/rev EXV Duty : Fixed Gas Cooler : 3 4 Discharge Press. : 9 13MPa Evaporator : 2 4 5%RH 9m3/min min Revolution : 1 3rpm Suction.S.H. : 5 11deg. Pd-Ps Differential pressure(mpa) ECV Duty(%) Pd13-2 Pd13-3 AverageZ Torque(N-m) Pd-Ps Differential pressure(mpa) ECV-duty, Pd-Ps differential It is all data of ECV-duty and compressor Pd-Ps. Pd-Ps differential, Compressor torque There is a tendency of the torque by compressor Pd-Ps. (All data) The compressor torque is estimated of ECV-duty as the main.

20 Application to Compact size Vehicle CO 2 A/C & H/P system CK CK Development Policy 1. Improvement for Vehicle Drivability 2. Performance is superior than Current 3. Packaged into Space of Current System Development Activity 1. Same Size Heat Exchanger as Current 2. Same Blower and Cooling Fan as Current 3. Without Modifying the Controls of Engine ECU and A/C ECU Compressor Torque Control High Response External Control Valve for Comp. Refined Front End Module

21 Attained Performances for Applied to Compact Vehicle Improvement for for Drivability Pressure Difference type ECV Cooling Performance Optimum Orifice Control Refrigeration Cycle Cycle Configuration Simple Combined Refrigerant Cycle Pressure (MPa) ECV Duty(%) Torque ( N-m) Torque prediction is easy Pd-Ps Differential pressure(mpa) Engine Speed Pd Pd Ecv RPM 3 Increase in Torque is Prevented. 2 ECV Duty Temperature(degC) Time(min) 134a Torque ratio(%) Speed(km/h) CO 2 Room Temp Ave(CO2) Vent Outlet Ave(CO2) Room Temp Ave(134a) Vent Outlet Ave(134a) Prediction Torque Vehicle Speed Condition Amb Temp = 4degC,5%RH Compresso r 4way Valve Accumulato r Solenoid valve 1 Inside H/X High Press. Ref. Low Press. Ref. Outside H/X Internal H/X Heating Cycle Check Valve 4 Engine Valve 1 Check Valve 1 Check Valve 2 Check Valve 3 Heater Core Air Mix Solenoid Door Water- Refrigerant H/X Time(sec) -3 Improved Drivability Performance Superior to Current Apply to Current Vehicle

22 Summary CalsonicKansei develops Two systems. Belt Drive Compressor for Current Vehicle Electric Drive Compressor for Electric Vehicle For Low Temp. Engine Water Vehicle, CO 2 Heat pump System is Effective. For EV, Using Electric Compressor System, Vehicle Start-up Performance and Heater Amenity can be compatible. CK continues the Development of the CO 2 A/C still and looks for the Gentle A/C system in the Earth Environment. CK challenges the Development of the Alternative Refrigerant A/C of CO 2 and so on, the Development of the Fuel Consumption Improvement by the A/C system and the Heat pump system.

23 Thank you for your attention.