Refrigerant System for Vehicle Air- Conditioning NISSAN / ZEXEL. Phoenix Alternate Refrigerant Forum June,28----July,1 Phoenix, AZ

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1 A CO 2 Refrigerant System for Vehicle Air- Conditioning NISSAN / ZEXEL Phoenix Alternate Refrigerant Forum June,28----July, Phoenix, AZ Outline ZEXEL Activities for Environment Protection 99 Model of CO 2 System Result of Vehicle and Bench Tests Tasks to be Solved Conclusion

2 Introduction ZEXEL Activities for Environment Protection ZEXEL was quick to complete change over from CFC to HFC in 94. Development of energy saving A/C Systems for vehicles. R&D on New Environmentally Safe Refrigeration Systems CO2, HC, Stirling, Zeolite, etc. < December - 97 Kyoto Protocol > 98 Phoenix Forum ( with 98 Model - first basic trial system) NISSAN B4 99 Phoenix Forum ( with 99 Model ) NISSAN A32 Target of CO 2 99 Model Conditions: EVA 35-7%, GCL 35 Target ref. R34a Cooling Capacity :. System COP :.2 Weight :.2 Same Comfort as R34a System Bench mark system: NISSAN A32 2

3 99 Model (NISSAN A32) EXP. VALVE GAS COOLER PRESSURE SENSOR (Pressure SW) BURST DISK COMPRESSOR EVAPORATOR BURST DISK ACCUMULATOR INTERNAL H.X. SAFETY DEVICE. Burst Disk for Highside ex) 2MPa 2. Pressure SW for Highside ex) 5MPa & 3.5MPa 3. Burst Disk for Lowside ex) 4MPa Modifications 98 version -> 99 version Compressor 22 cc --> 28 cc Heat Exchangers Gas-cooler :.8 m 2 -->.25 m 2 Evaporator :.4 m 2 -->.55 m 2 Improved Control EXP/V : invariable throttle --> high pressure control COMP. : fixed --> variable 3

4 Vehicle Performance Result Comparison of 99 and 98 Model Comparison with R34a system Bench mark system: NISSAN A32 Vehicle Performance TEMPERATURE ( Ž) '99 MODEL VS '98 MODEL TEST SPEC:35 Ž -7%-.767kW/m2 4 km/h km/h TIME (min) 99MODEL ROOM AVERAGE 99MODEL VENT OUTLET 98MODEL ROOM AVERAGE 98MODEL VENT OUTLET Idling 4

5 Vehicle Performance TEMPERATURE ( Ž) CO 2 '99 MODEL VS R34a 99MODEL ROOM AVERAGE TEST SPEC:35 Ž -7%-.767kW/m2 99MODEL VENT OUTLET R34a ROOM AVERAGE R34a VENT OUTLET 4 km/h km/h Idling TIME (min) Bench mark system: NISSAN A32 Vehicle Performance '99 MODEL 6 High Load 45 Ž -5%-.46kW/m 2 Middle load 35 Ž -7%-.767kW/m 2 TEMPERATURE ( Ž) km/h km/h Idling 35 Ž Room Average 45 Ž Room Average 45 Ž Vent Outlet 35 Ž Vent Outlet TIME (min) 5

6 The Result of Vehicle Performance Cooling performance was greatly improved compared with 98 Model. Competitive with R34a system except idling conditions. Performance of high load conditions has to be improved. Bench mark system: NISSAN A32 On Test Bench Comparison of 99 and 98 Model Comparison of CO 2 with HFC34a System COP vs. Cycle load 6

7 System Performance on Test Bench Comparison of 99/98 Model Condition EVA 35-7% GCL 35 Comparison of Cooling Capacity Comparison of COP 2 98Model 99Model 2. 98Model 99Model Rate of Qc ( '99/'98) Rate of COP ( '99/'98) Compressor Speed (rpm) Compressor Speed Comparison of CO2 and HFC34a System Condition EVA 35-7% Rate of Qc (CO2/R34a). Comparison of Cooling Capacity 2 R34a CO2 '99Model Compressor Speed (rpm) Rate of COP (CO 2 / R34a) 2 Comparison of COP R34a CO2 '99Model Compressor Speed (rpm) 7

8 Comparison of Cycle Load Conditions.2 Compressor Speed : 8rpm Rate of COP(GCL:45,5/GCL:35) EVA:35 Ž -7% GCL:35 Ž EVA:35 Ž -7% GCL:45 Ž Cycle Load Conditions EVA:35 Ž -7% GCL:5 Ž Experimental Result of Bench Testing Great improvement in cooling capacity and COP compared with 98model. System performance improved up to R34a system under the low and middle cycle load conditions. However, COP depression under the high cycle load conditions. 8

9 Target and Result of CO 2 99 Model Conditions: EVA 35-7%, GCL 35 Target Result ref. R34a Cooling Capacity :.. System COP :.2. Weight :.2.5 Same Comfort as R34a System Tasks to be Solved Improvement of COP under the high cycle load. Reviewing target conditions. Reduction of system weight. Development of safety devices. Hose, etc. Establish new service infrastructure for CO 2. 9

10 Conclusion An influence of COP drop under high load conditions is concerned with car application.

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