APWH Take-Home Exam (01/2011) Chp. 15, 16, 17, 18

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1 APWH Take-Home Exam (01/2011) Chp. 15, 16, 17, 18 DIRECTIONS: 1. Use the correct test form based on your last name. 2. Your completed answer document is due BEFORE school starts the day it is due. 3. If you choose to be absent you will take an alternate form of this test during the school day (i.e. a normal, timed, Scantron version of this test along with the free-response portion.). 1. The cultivation and production of sugar cane can best be described as [A] requiring little labor and high amounts of technology. [B] requiring farm methods only. [C] requiring farm as well as factory production methods. [D] factory methods only. [E] simple and inexpensive. 2. Which of the following is NOT true of African encounters with the Portuguese before 1550? [A] The encounters varied considerably. [B] the Portuguese fleet had bombed and looted most of the coastal cities of Eastern Africa. [C] The Portuguese wanted to convert the Africans to Christianity. [D] The Portuguese sent military aid to Ethiopia. [E] Various Europeans were a major presence in most of Africa. 3. Two important navigational technologies, the magnetic compass and the astrolabe [A] were used by Viking mariners. [B] were invented by Henry the Navigator. [C] were first used by Columbus. [D] were of Chinese, Arab and Greek origin. [E] were first brought to Europe through I.O.M.S. 4. What was the most deadly of the epidemics in the Americas? [A] syphilis [B] measles [C] cholera [D] influenza [E] smallpox

2 5. Mercantilism is [A] a government policy that protects trade and demands the accumulation of gold and silver. [B] the recognition by the state that all individuals have economic rights. [C] another name for capitalism. [D] the political doctrine that only people who produce economic wealth may vote. [E] the belief in a completely free market economy. 6. The powerful African kingdom Benin of West Africa limited their contact with the Portuguese by [A] declining offers to receive missionaries. [B] closing the market in male slaves. [C] only using specific (selected) trade ports. [D] All of these [E] None of these 7. The Glorious Revolution and the English Civil War both started when [A] the Catholic monarchy was restored to Spain. [B] the war between Irish Catholics and Protestants ended. [C] the monarch refused to share power with the Parliament. [D] the Protestant heir to the throne, Mary, and her husband, William of Orange, were married. [E] war broke out between Sweden and England over control of the North Sea. 8. What evidence supports the belief that eastern Pacific islands were settled as a result of planned expeditions by Polynesian mariners? [A] The 1976 voyage of the Hokulea. [B] The languages are related to the languages of the western Pacific and Malaysia. [C] The plants and domesticated animals found were common to other Polynesian islands. [D] Accidental voyages couldn t have brought enough people to found a new colony. [E] All of these 9. The economic development of the colonies in Mexico and Peru was dominated by [A] diamond mining and sugar plantations. [B] silver mining and sugar plantations. [C] gold mining and indigo plantations. [D] silver mining and cattle ranching. [E] rice plantations and gold mining.

3 10. English political philosopher John Locke asserted that if the monarch [A] was elected by the people, he could rule forever. [B] abused his or her power, the people had a duty to rebel. [C] ruled absolutely without controls, harmony would ensue. [D] fed the people, the people should be loyal. [E] ruled with morality, society would be moral as well. 11. The Middle Atlantic region was first settled by the [A] Irish. [B] French. [C] Dutch. [D] English. [E] Spanish. 12. The Scientific Revolution demonstrated that the workings of the universe could be explained by [A] the will of God. [B] educated guesses and hypothoses. [C] only geologic changes. [D] non-earthly, hemispheric changes. [E] observed natural causes. 13. Charles V failed to unify all of Europe, but Spain, France, and England successfully unified their states by [A] limiting the power of the church and the nobility. [B] using Ottoman mercenaries. [C] instituting mercantile economic policies. [D] building castles with large fortifications. [E] marrying their daughters to princes from other kingdoms. 14. Most of the commercial shipping in the world in the seventeenth century was conducted by the [A] Spanish. [B] Portuguese. [C] Dutch. [D] English. [E] Indian Ocean traders. 15. The two initial groups of Protestant dissenters that colonized New England were [A] Puritans and Pilgrims. [B] Congregationalists and Presbyterians. [C] Questers and Seekers. [D] Shakers and Mormons. [E] Quakers and Shakers.

4 16. In 1500, what did Portuguese mariners discover while attempting to find a favorable wind around Africa? [A] The east coast of North America. [B] The east coast of South America. [C] The opening to the Amazon River. [D] A direct route to China. [E] The Strait of Malacca. 17. The slave trade in West Africa was controlled by what source? [A] missionaries connected to the slave trade. [B] the Portuguese outposts in West Africa. [C] a guild of European merchants. [D] long-standing Muslim traditions. [E] monopolies held by African kings. 18. The Chinese treasure ships of Zheng He carried [A] silks, metals, and other valuable goods as gifts for distant rulers. [B] people and animals as settlers for farflung colonies. [C] balsa wood for buoyancy. [D] soldiers to fight the Japanese pirates in the Sea of Japan. [E] salted fish. 19. In colonial societies, Amerindian religious beliefs [A] were destroyed and never were practiced again. [B] survived beneath the surface of imposed Christianity. [C] did not change because most Amerindian societies were atheistic. [D] superseded Christianity as the settlers adopted Amerindian beliefs. [E] none of these 20. The difference between the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire was [A] Spanish Empire was a territorial empire while the Portuguese Empire was a trading empire. [B] the motives of the Spanish were religious only. [C] the motives of the Portuguese Empire were economic only. [D] Spanish Empire was a trading empire while the Portuguese Empire was a territorial empire. [E] the Spanish Empire was a intellectual empire only.

5 21. King Henry VIII of England severed his bond to the Catholic Church when [A] Martin Luther visited England. [B] public demonstrations in Ireland turned violent. [C] the election of 1532 placed Protestants in public offices. [D] the pope refused to grant him a papal annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. [E] there was a public outcry against Catholic doctrine. 22. The French and Indian War resulted in the [A] French losing Canada to the English. [C] Spanish losing Cuba to the English. [E] both a and b [B] French losing Louisiana to Spain. [D] Spanish losing Florida to the French. 23. Why did the Ming court suspend the voyages of Zheng He? [A] Zheng He used the fleet to lead a revolution against the Ming Emperor. 24. Sailing in the Indian Ocean was less difficult and dangerous than other places because [A] it was shallow. [B] it isn t an ocean, but rather a large salt water lake. [C] the monsoon winds were predictable. [D] there are no sharks. [E] there was less wind. 25. Bourgeoisie means [A] wealthy urban class. [B] royalty. [C] lower middle class. [D] clergy. [E] nobility. 26. The French settlement in America resembled Spanish and Portuguese colonies in that they both wanted to [A] draft Amerindians for military service. [B] free the Amerindians from their oppresive rulers. [C] extract resources and convert the population to Christianity. [D] protect the environment while preserving Amerindian culture. [E] None of these. The French actually resembled the English more than they did either the Spanish or the Portuguese.

6 27. John Calvin preached that salvation was granted by [A] faith. [B] good works. [C] predestination. [D] the Pope. [E] good thoughts. 28. As a result of the European colonization, the Arawak and Carib [A] given opportunities for indentured servitude. [B] fought for citizenship rights. [C] were pitted against each other in war of attrition. [D] became nearly extinct from abuse and disease. [E] were protected by the Catholic Church. 29. The Council of the Indies was created in Spain in 1524 to [A] create a need to raise armies against Amerindians. [B] provide relief efforts to exploited Amerindians. [C] prevent competition from other European nations. [D] support Spanish settlers. [E] put royal power in place over the population. 30. Which of the following does not describe the Dutch West India Company? [A] It was never very profitable. [B] It seized sugar producing areas in Brazil. [C] It paid stockholders huge dividends. [D] It shipped slaves to Brazil. [E] It was a private trading company. 31. An encomienda was [A] a disease of the lower intestine. [C] a form of forced labor and tribute. [E] an agreement with Amerindians. [B] a plantation for mining precious metals. [D] a plantation for growing sugar. 32. In order to make tobacco trade profitable, European governments used chartered companies, [A] which increased fierce competition. [B] groups of investors in the slave trade. [C] private investors with trade monopolies in colonies. [D] maritime manufacturers of ships and sails. [E] companies of wealthy missionaries and religious societies. 33. The greatest mariners of the Atlantic in the early Middle Ages were [A] Portuguese. [B] Genoese. [C] Polynesians. [D] Chinese. [E] Vikings.

7 34. An early motivation for Portuguese maritime exploration was to [A] end political dissent. [B] find rare raw materials on Madagasacar. [C] discover the New World. [D] expand Christianity to the Muslim world. [E] gain access to the sub-saharan gold trade. 35. Spanish capture of the Aztec capital was assisted by [A] overwhelming numbers of Spaniards. [B] propaganda. [C] large numbers of cavalry. [D] a large fleet of ships. [E] disease. 36. The motives that led to Iberian overseas expansion were primarily [A] political. [B] economic. [C] intellectual. [D] religious. [E] All of these 37. Prince Henry of Portugal was known as Henry the Navigator because he [A] allied with Spain to discover routes to the Americas. [B] was the first person to round the Cape of Good Hope. [C] devoted his reign to promoting exploration. [D] financed several voyages to the Americas. [E] designed the compass. 38. What new crops helped the rural poor of Europe avoid starvation? [A] manioc and maize [B] sugar cane and tomatoes [C] wheat and millet [D] cassava and rice [E] potatoes and corn 39. The term Columbian Exchange refers to [A] products from the nation of Columbia. [B] the transfer of peoples, animals, plants, and diseases between the New and Old Worlds. [C] the first stock market in the New World. [D] the monetary exchange rate between the New and Old Worlds. [E] the Columbian pharmaceutical trade. 40. What two nations began a maritime revolution that profoundly altered the course of world history? [A] China and India [B] Portugal and Spain [C] Portugal and Mali [D] England and France [E] West African and Arab merchants

8 41. Most slaves died of [A] overwork. [B] poor nutrition. [C] abuse. [D] accident. [E] disease. 42. Why didn t the Italian states take a lead in exploring the Atlantic? [A] Italy lacked warm water access and seafaring technology. [B] The ships of the Mediterranean were ill suited to the Atlantic. [C] The trading states of Venice and Genoa preferred a system of alliances with the Muslims. [D] Both a and b [E] Both b and c 43. The most important agent for transmitting European beliefs, language, and culture in Spanish America and Brazil was the [A] Council of the Indies. [B] the Iroquois Confederacy. [C] plantation system. [D] Spanish and Portuguese governments. [E] Catholic Church. 44. Africans trading slaves with Europeans most often preferred to receive in return [A] guns and textiles. [B] rum and horses. [C] silk and porcelain. [D] trinkets and blankets. [E] gold and ivory. 45. Most slaves taken from Africa were [A] prisoners of war. [B] kidnapped. [C] criminals. [D] political opponents. [E] Muslim. 46. To promote his ideas, Luther used [A] large groups of Christians migrating across Europe. [B] the printing press. [C] friars, monks and nuns. [D] the pulpit. [E] pamplets distributed to local pesants. 47. In French Canada, Jesuits efforts to convert the native peoples to led to the [A] founding of schools, hospitals, and churches. [B] increased wealth of the Catholic church. [C] expulsion of the Jesuits by the Iroquois Confederacy. [D] battle of Montreal. [E] Amerindians being pushed to Puritanism.

9 48. The English Navigation Acts in the 1660s were meant to [A] restrict the English shipping industry. [B] restrict the English slave trade. [C] encourage free trade. [D] put a tariff on English goods. [E] confine trade to English ships and cargoes. 49. How did the English and French American colonies differ from the Spanish and Portuguese American colonies? [A] The Spanish and Portuguese forced their languages on the population. 50. In 1555, by the Peace of Augsburg, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V allowed German princes to choose [A] Catholicism or Lutheranism. [B] Catholicism or Calvinism. [C] Calvinism or Lutheranism. [D] Islam or Christianity. [E] the religion they preferred. 51. The advantage of the caravel was that it was [A] strong. [B] a good fighting ship. [C] fast. [D] maneuverable. [E] All of these 52. Plantation slaves were motivated to work hard [A] because they were rewarded with extra food. [C] because they were promised manumisson. [E] because they were promised time off. [B] to earn a job as a driver. [D] to escape harsh treatment. 53. In the eighteenth century, what was the major source of slaves in the interior of the Bight of Biafra? [A] kidnapping [B] criminals [C] children sold into slavery by parents [D] prisoners of war [E] all of these 54. Which of the following is not one way that slaves expressed their resistance to the colonial masters in Latin America? [A] sabotage. [B] faking or exaggerating illness. [C] forming underground armies. [D] running away. [E] rebellion.

10 55. European governments chartered joint stock companies, which [A] rivaled the emperor in military might. [B] had a monopoly on overseas trade. [C] were politically autonomous from government control. [D] claimed sole power over religious doctrine. [E] all of these 56. The forced labor system where the male Amerindian population worked six months of the year in the mines was [A] the khipu. [B] the mita. [C] the chinampa system. [D] the ma at. [E] indentured servitude. 57. In the 17 th century Caribbean, indentured servants cost as slaves. [A] approximately the same [B] one-third as much [C] four times as much [D] twice as much [E] half as much 58. Which of the following is not one way that Massachusetts colonies were different from the Chesapeake and South Carolina colonies? [A] Massachusetts used smaller numbers of forced labor. [B] Massachusetts had a great division between the rich and the poor. [C] Massachusetts didn t have the soil to support cash crops. [D] Massachusetts was more homogenous and less hierarchal. [E] Massachusetts was based on families of settlers, not individual settlers. 59. The Portuguese focus in the eastern Indian Ocean was on [A] Malacca. [B] Calicut. [C] Aden. [D] Hong Kong. [E] Southeast Asia. 60. Women, especially widows, were often accused of being witches because it was believed that [A] women were often considered evil. [B] witches were believed to live within society. [C] only females had the potential to engage in witchcraft. [D] men were less evil than women... but still capable of evil. And breaking girls hearts. [E] women who lived without male authority were susceptible to evil.

11 61. How did European rulers pay their large war expenses? [A] by warring with countries with large treasuries [B] by making alliances with the rising commercial elites and protecting markets overseas [C] by enforcing high taxes on Jews and Muslims [D] by stealing the art treasures of the lands they conquered [E] all of these 62. The result of Portuguese domination of Indian Ocean trade routes was [A] considerable Portuguese profit. [B] that more spices and luxury goods were shipped to Europe. [C] that they charged a lower price for pepper than Venice or Genoa. [D] of little impact on the African and Asian mainlands. [E] All of these 63. Both Muslims and Europeans obtained slaves from sub-saharan Africa but [A] the Islamic trade was much smaller. [B] the European trade was much smaller. [C] both of them ended soon after they began. [D] Africans refused to deal with European traders. [E] Africans refused to deal with Muslim traders. 64. How did the rise of Medieval Islam give trade in the Indian Ocean an important boost? [A] They actively spread their religion to distant trading cities. [B] The Muslim cities in the Middle East provided a demand for commodities. [C] Networks of Muslim traders tied the region together. [D] The Muslim traders shared a common ethic, language, and law. [E] All of these 65. Seventeenth-century sugar plantations of Brazil depended on [A] the mita. [B] government subsidies. [C] slave labor. [D] indentured workers. [E] improved sugar harvesting techniques.

12 66. Which of the following is not one way that the Amerindian population reacted to the colonial economy? [A] The natural balance of plants and animals was disrupted. [B] They eventually grew wealthy from this contact. [C] Amerindian hunting and gathering and agricultural practices were disrupted. [D] They became dependent on European goods. [E] They provided furs and deerskins to European traders. 67. Sugar cane was first grown in the West Indies by Spanish colonists shortly after 1500, but after 1600 [A] several slave uprisings significantly slowed production. [B] Southern colonies of North America became the preferred region to grow sugar cane. [C] natural disaster destroyed plantations. [D] the sugar cane blight severely hindered production. [E] the English and French grew tobacco there. 68. Calvinism went further than Lutheranism in [A] simplifying religious rituals. [B] diminishing the role of the church as a meeting place. [C] empowering ordained clergy. [D] insisting on loyalty to the John Calvin. [E] encouraging social rebellion. 69. The first financial return from the Portuguese voyages came from [A] the slave trade. [B] the silk trade. [C] the gold trade. [D] the spice trade. [E] the silver trade. 70. Why was mortality on Atlantic slave ships high? [A] abuse [B] execution [C] suicide [D] disease [E] all of these 71. Which of the following is a reason for Iberian overseas exploration? [A] Longstanding Muslim alliances [B] They already had the major share of Mediterranean trade. [C] Center of Renaissance learning [D] Christian pacifism [E] None of these

13 72. By the end of the sixteenth century, what country occupied most of the Brazilian coast? [A] England [B] Portugal [C] Spain [D] Austria [E] France 73. The English Navigation Acts sought to [A] limit colonial trading and production competition. [B] limit the colonial manufacture of ships. [C] prevent the importation of slaves on slave ships. [D] rechart the waters off the coast of the North America. [E] ban importation of the printing press to America. 74. In response to the challenges to the Catholic Church, many reforms were enacted, such as [A] allowing priests and nuns to marry. [B] reforming the education of the clergy. [C] mandating poverty for the Catholic institution. [D] using the vernacular during mass. [E] instituting dietary restrictions to symbolize purity. 75. Unlike other places in the world, marriage patterns in early modern Europe reflected [A] marrying younger and having larger families. [B] a freer choice of one s marriage partner. [C] a high rate of infant mortality. [D] marrying younger and having smaller families. [E] A celibate religious lifestyle. 76. The scientist who asserted that mathematical laws governed the universe was [A] Isaac Newton. [B] Henry the Navigator. [C] Galileo. [D] Tycho Brahe. [E] Hypocrates.