8th Chapter 12 Exam Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

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1 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Why did the value of slaves drop in the South before the invention of the cotton gin? a. Prices for crops were low, so some farmers decreased production and demand for slaves declined. b. When the North abolished slavery, many Southern slaves became disruptive and all slaves lost value. c. As economic conditions in the South worsened, slaves were more likely to run away to the booming North. d. The popularity of slavery was low, so farmers grew ashamed of the practice and auctioneers reduced starting bids. 2. Planters felt cotton would be a profitable cash crop for all of the following reasons, except which? a. It was easy to grow. c. It could be stored over time. b. It was cheap to market. d. It resisted disease. 3. What was most responsible for increasing the domestic slave trade in the early 1800s? a. The freeing of slaves in the North led to a decline in the slave population. b. An act of Congress banned the importation of slaves into the country. c. Cotton planters hungry for profits began using slaves rather than paid workers. d. Slaveholders in Virginia and Maryland gained economically by selling slaves. 4. What does crop rotation involve? a. Moving seedlings from one plot of land to another to maximize light-exposure and minimize disease. b. Raking fertilizer into the ground around the roots of young plants to mix air and nutrients into the soil. c. Changing the type of plant grown on a given plot each year in order to protect the land from mineral loss. d. Turning the soil over after a harvest to prevent insects from spending the winter underground and infesting next season s plants. 5. What did cotton planters call the people who made deals for them with merchants, arranged passage for their crops aboard trading ships, and provided them with financial advice? a. proctors c. factors b. brokers d. managers 6. Cash crops hurt the South s economy because they a. took capitalists attention away from southern industry. b. greatly benefited the South s northern competitors. c. required costly shipping to avoid passage over land. d. made crop rotation attractive to farmers.

2 7. Steam power benefited the South in all of the following ways, except which? a. Louisiana s lumber industry benefited from the steam-powered saw mill. b. Tredegar s Iron Works produced steam engines for locomotives. c. Southern farmers and planters poured their profits into southern industry. d. Textile mills no longer had to be built near Northern rivers and waterfalls. 8. How did the poorest white southerners survive? a. by using their small plots of land to grow cash crops b. by hunting, fishing, and doing odd jobs for money c. by committing burglary and other criminal acts d. by getting permanent positions in plantation households 9. Why did many southern cities and states pass laws to limit the rights of free slaves? a. White governments thought former slaves could not balance freedom with responsibility. b. White southerners feared former slaves would try to encourage slave rebellions. c. White churches worried about losing members to the independent church movement. d. White lawmakers felt free slaves were less than human because of the color of their skin. 10. Which of the following is not an example of the effect of laws passed to limit the rights of free slaves in the South? a. Most free slaves could not vote, travel freely, or hold certain jobs. b. A free slave could not be married to a white husband or wife. c. Free slaves could not live in some states without special permission. d. Some free slaves had to be represented by a white person in business. 11. What would a slave have worried about most when coming up for auction? a. the kindness or cruelty of the new master b. the type of work required by the new master c. the fate of parents, brothers, sisters, and children d. the religious life of the new community 12. Other than death, what was the greatest threat to family bonds among slaves? a. auctions c. work b. kidnapping d. runaways 13. Religion boosted the spirits of slaves in all of the following ways, except which? a. They sang emotional Christian songs called spirituals. b. They came to see themselves as God s chosen people. c. They understood that God wanted them to obey slaveholders. d. They gained faith that they would one day live in freedom.

3 14. Spirituals most inspired what later musical form? a. ragtime c. folk b. jazz d. gospel 15. How did enslaved parents pass their culture down to their children? a. They read African stories to their children every night. b. They told folktales with customary characters and morals. c. They taught emotional Christian songs about freedom. d. They showed their children how to outsmart slaveholders. 16. Which of the following statements about the life of Harriet Jacobs is false? a. She was born into slavery in c. She said she had a determined will. b. She bore no children. d. She was a runaway slave. 17. In what small way would slaves often rebel against their masters? a. They slowed down their work in the fields to protest long hours. b. They hid the masters whips and chains to prevent harsh punishments. c. They prayed for God to teach masters the virtue of equal treatment. d. They stole books from their masters and taught themselves to read. 18. What event prompted many states to strengthen their slave codes? a. Vesey s Conspiracy c. Haiti s Revolution b. Turner s Rebellion d. Gabriel s Uprising 19. One goal of scientific agriculture was to a. increase the production of crops by introducing the use of fertilizers. b. protect the land used to grow sugar, hemp, and corn. c. get southern planters to focus exclusively on cotton production. d. perfect a method for quickly curing tobacco before shipment. 20. What was Tredegar Iron Works? a. a northern company that specialized in turning iron into steel by heating it b. a northern mine that provided coal to manufacturers of iron products c. a southern factory that turned iron into useful products for industry and the military d. a southern manufacturer that was one of many to produce locomotives for the government What invention launched the cotton boom in the South? a. steam engine c. weaving loom b. slave trade d. cotton gin 22. What was one disadvantage of growing cotton? a. It cost too much to market. b. It could not be grown on the same soil year after year. c. It could only be stored a short time after harvesting. d. It cost more to transport than other staple crops.

4 23. Because of cotton farming in the South, a. other cash crops were not necessary. b. tobacco was no longer produced. c. slavery became an institution in the South. d. there was no development of industry in the South. PRACTICING SOCIAL STUDIES SKILLS Study the pie graphs below and answer the questions that follow. 24. What percentage of southerners were slaves? a. 34 percent c. 16 percent b. 1 percent d. 47 percent Completion Complete each statement. 25. served as the center of the social lives of free African Americans living in cities. (Churches/Libraries) 26. Slave supervisors, known as, were sometimes slaves themselves even though they carried out punishments on fellow slaves. (drivers/butlers)

5 27. Because family was the most important aspect of slave communities, slaves feared being separated by slave. (arguments/auctions) 28. Slaves told family histories and to preserve their heritage and help them survive slavery. (jokes/folktales) 29. Christian slaves identified with the Hebrew slaves in ancient Egypt and used to express their religious beliefs. (paintings/spirituals) 30. Some historians have called slave religion the institution. (invisible/tragic) 31. Southern authorities executed slave as the leader of a planned slave rebellion in Charleston, South Carolina. (Denmark Vesey/Nat Turner) 32. As a result of slave revolts, many states strengthened their. (religious beliefs/slave codes) Matching In the space provided, write the letter of the term or place that matches each description. Some answers will not be used. a. Atlantic coast h. Islam b. border states i. Nat Turner c. Christianity j. planters d. Cotton Belt k. slave codes e. Eli Whitney l. spirituals f. free African Americans m. yeomen g. gang labor 33. He led a violent slave revolt in Virginia in Strict laws passed by state governments to control slaves 35. System used on most plantations in which all field hands worked on the same task at the same time 36. The largest and most important cities in the South were located here 37. Group in southern society that had limited rights and faced discrimination 38. Emotional religious songs that blended African and European music 39. His machine revolutionized the cotton industry 40. Wealthiest and most-influential class in southern society

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