Correlation of microarray and quantitative real-time PCR results. Elisa Wurmbach Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York
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1 Correlation of microarray and quantitative real-time PCR results Elisa Wurmbach Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York
2 Microarray techniques Oligo-array: Affymetrix, Codelink, spotted oligo-arrays (60-70mers) cdna array: purified PCR products, spotted in triplicates, chosen genes Number of genes, density Verification of genes Concentration of probe Region of gene represented
3 Experimental design microarray cell line RNA labeled cdna hybridization on a cdna array treatment control
4 Custom made cdna microarray: 956 genes spotted in triplicates Wurmbach et al.: 2001, JBC, 276, 50,
5 Reproducibility of the results generated by the cdna microarray Wurmbach et al.: 2001, JBC, 276, 50,
6 Hybridization on microarrays and during PCR Microarray PCR System: tethered-liquid direct or indirect concentration of spotted probe steric hinderance liquid-liquid direct probe is accessible cdna array: long probes Affymetrix: RNA-RNA, RNA-DNA hybrids oligo hybridization CodeLink: Gel
7 Comparison of the results from a cdna microarray with QRT-PCR Gene Name Microarray (n=3) 1h SYBR PCR (n=9) 1h LRG ± ± 15.7 Egr ± ± 83.9 c-fos 12.5 ± ± 5.8 Nr4a1/nur ± ± 10.1 Ier2/Pip ± ± 2.4 Rgs2 4.0 ± ± 0.4 c-jun 3.8 ± ± 0.9 TSC ± ± 0.2 γ-actin 2.7 ± ± 0.4 Klf-like EST 2.3 ± ± 0.2 Period1 2.1 ± ± 1.1 β-actin 2.0 ± ± 0.1 PRL1 2.0 ± ± 0.1 IκB 1.7 ± ± 0.2 Klf4 1.7 ± ± 0.3 Gem 1.7 ± ± 0.3 gly ± ± 0.5 jund 1.6 ± ± 0.2 Egr2 1.5 ± ± 35.6 transgelin 1.4 ± ± 0.2 NMDMC 1.4 ± ± 0.3 Stat3B 1.4 ± ± 0.1 MKP1/3CH ± ± 0.4 Nrf2 1.3 ± ± 0.1 HSP ± ± 0.2 STY-Kinase 1.3 ± ± 0.2 glucose transport protein 1.1 ± ± 0.4 SCL 1 ± ± 0.2 Gata2 0.7 ± ± 0.1 Microarray 28 up-regulated genes ( fold changes) 3 down-regulated genes ( fold changes) QRT-PCR: confirmation of 26 genes 100% (17/17) for gene changes > 1.6-fold 66% (6/9) for gene changes between 1.3 and 1.6 Wurmbach et al.: 2001, JBC, 276, 50,
8 Correlation of fold change measurements obtained by cdnamicroarray and QRT-PCR 10 ratios (microarray) ratios (real-time PCR) Genes showing less than 20-fold changes by QRT-PCR are highly correlated to cdnamicroarray fold changes (r=0.87).
9 Affymetrix: Gene expression analysis Differential expression is measured by the comparison of two or more data-sets
10 Comparison of the Affymetrix platform to a cdna microarray Yuen et al.,2002, Nucleic Acids Research, 30,10,e48
11 Fold change measurements obtained by cdna and oligo-microarray compared to QRT-PCR cdna array Affymetrix bias to underestimate predictable correlation of the bias error saturation effect bias to underestimate no predictable correlation of the bias error Yuen et al.,2002, Nucleic Acids Research, 30,10,e48
12 Complex tissues Biological variation is increased: increase the number of replicates pooling individual samples Heterogeneous cell population (dilution effect): treatment affect only a subset of cells the gene of interest is only expressed in a subset of cells
13 Complex tissues Hypothalamus: Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (Mice were fasted for 48h and given an insulin injection. After 3h the animals were killed by CO 2 and the RNA was extracted from their hypothalami). Cortex: Serotonergic hallucinogens (Mice were treated with DOI, a hallucinogenic chemical. After 1h the animals were killed and the RNA was extracted).
14 Complex tissues Wurmbach et al., 2002, Neurochem. Res. 27,
15 Complex tissues PCR confirmed genes source arrays used gene candidates tested by PCR all candidates FC >1.6 on the array FC <1.6 and >1.3 LßT2 cells (88.5%) 17/17 (100%) 6/9 (66.7%) hypothalamus (75%) 9/12 (75%) 3/4 (75%) cortex (28.6%) 3/7 (42.9%) 1/7 (14.3%) Wurmbach et al., 2002, Neurochem. Res. 27,
16 Normalization To adjust for experimental differences RNA quantity and quality overall transcriptional activity cdna synthesis and PCR efficiency internal endogenous control: reference, housekeeping gene Constant expression in cells/tissue under investigation. No response to experimental treatment.
17 Normalization tubulin RPS11 actin
18 Normalization Using one housekeeping gene can lead to misinterpretation or even make interpretation impossible: in slightly regulated genes: main information of the data may be inversed. in strongly regulated genes: the regulation may be underor overestimated.
19 Microarray: Experimental Design Comparison Matrix Treatment vs control Confirmation of regulated genes Time course experiments Cancer studies (diff. stages)
20 323 genes Metabolism: - Sugar - Nucleotide - Lipid - Amino acid - Energy Ribosomal genes Cytoskeleton Basal TF Normalization
21 Normalization RPL41 SRFS
22 Normalization (microarray) RPL41 SRFS average
23 Normalization (QRT-PCR) RPL41 SRFS average
24 Correlation of QRT-PCR (TaqMan) and microarray (GeneChip) TaqMan GeneChip
25 Correlation of QRT-PCR (TaqMan) and microarray (GeneChip) TaqMan GeneChip
26 Correlation of QRT-PCR (TaqMan) and microarray (GeneChip) down-regulated genes QRT-PCR Affymetrix
27 Correlation of QRT-PCR (TaqMan) and microarray (GeneChip) not-regulated genes C CI LG HG VE E A AA QRT-PCR Affymetrix
28 Thank you Acknowledgments: Stuart C. Sealfon Tony Yuen Javier Gonzalez-Maeso Jason W. Mastaitis Yingbei Chen Josep Llovet Sam Waxman Samuel Waxman Cancer Research Foundation
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