Two-Group Hypothesis Tests: Excel 2013 T-TEST Command
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1 Two group hypothesis tests using Excel 2013 T-TEST command 1 Two-Group Hypothesis Tests: Excel 2013 T-TEST Command by Milo Schield Member: International Statistical Institute US Rep: International Statistical Literacy Project Director, W. M. Keck Statistical Literacy Project Slides and audio at: pdf/t-test-command-excel up.pdf
2 Two group hypothesis tests using Excel 2013 T-TEST command 2 Excel T-TEST Command Purpose: Calculate likelihood (p-value) of getting the observed difference in two sample means (or more extreme) by chance in random samples assuming there is no difference in the two population means (the Null Hypothesis). Four Inputs: 1) Array or range of two samples. 2) Alpha cutoff. 3) Tails: 1 (Excel matches Alternate with sample means) or 2. 4) Type of T-TEST. 1 dependent, matched subjects. 2: population variances unknown but equal. [Often true] 3: population variances unknown & unequal. [Conservative]
3 Two group hypothesis tests using Excel 2013 T-TEST command 3 Use this data: B1:I241 Data for Q1-Q4 (B-E) is Binary: 0=No, 1=Yes. Data for Q5-Q6 (F-G) is Ordinal (discrete): 1-5. Data for Q7-Q8 (H-I) is Quantitative (ratio). Excel instructions and data at:
4 Two group hypothesis tests using Excel 2013 T-TEST command 4 Approach Excel s two-population T-Test command requires that the data be stacked (separated into two groups) by the value of the predictor. Predictor must be binary. If the binary predictor is the answer to Q1, then the entire data set must be sorted by Q1. The Excel Sort requires that the entire data set be selected before invoking the sort command. A common mistake is to sort just a single column rather than the entire dataset. Unfortunately Excel does not have a stacked or conditional T-Test. The T-Test command will not automatically update p-values if data is changed.
5 Two group hypothesis tests using Excel 2013 T-TEST command 5 A: From Data tab, select Sort.
6 Two group hypothesis tests using Excel 2013 T-TEST command 6 B: Select Sort Column/Order.
7 Two group hypothesis tests using Excel 2013 T-TEST command C: Sort Data. Prepare column headings. 7. Create headings that show what column or question is being tested and what column or question is used to split the data into two groups. Q1 is used as the twogroup splitter in this example. Any field with binary data can be used. The vertical bar means given so Q2 Q1=1 indicates the values of Q2 for which Q1 equals 1.
8 Two group hypothesis tests using Excel 2013 T-TEST command D: Copy stacked data to separate columns 8 Q1=1 Q1=0.
9 Two group hypothesis tests using Excel 2013 T-TEST command 9 [E: If needed,] Enable Data-Analysis Toolpak If "Data Analysis" is not shown on Data tab, install it. Excel 2010/13: From File menu, select Options/Add-Ins. Excel 2008: From Microsoft button, select "Add Excel Options" in lower right corner. Excel 2003 If "Data Analysis Toolpak" is not shown under Tools menu, install it. From TOOLS menu, select ADD-INS. Check the check box for "Data Analysis Toolpak. Press the OK command button. The Data Analysis command should be added to the appropriate menu. If not remove and reinstall.
10 Two group hypothesis tests using Excel 2013 T-TEST command 10 T-TEST Command Procedure Given Separated Data 1: From Tool Menu, select Data Analysis. 2: From Data Analysis window, select t-test: Twosample with unequal variances. 3: From associated window, enter inputs and outputs. 4. Obtain results of t-test.
11 Two group hypothesis tests using Excel 2013 T-TEST command 11 1) From the Data ribbon select Data Analysis.
12 Two group hypothesis tests using Excel 2013 T-TEST command 12 2) Select T-Test Command: Two-Sample; Unequal Variances.
13 Two group hypothesis tests using Excel 2013 T-TEST command 13 3) Enter Input & Output: Q2 by Q1.
14 Two group hypothesis tests using Excel 2013 T-TEST command 14 4) Excel-Generated Results: Q2 by Q1 Difference in Q2 proportions by Q1 in not statistically significant Technical: Fail to reject the null hypothesis for Q2 by Q1.
15 Two group hypothesis tests using Excel 2013 T-TEST command 15 3) Enter Input and Output: Q7 by Q1.
16 Two group hypothesis tests using Excel 2013 T-TEST command 16 4) Excel-Generated Results: Q7 by Q1 Difference in Q7 means by Q1 IS statistically significant (1 tail) Technical: Reject the null hypothesis for Q7 by Q1 (1 tail)
17 Two group hypothesis tests using Excel 2013 T-TEST command 17 3) Enter Input and Output: Q8 by Q1.
18 Two group hypothesis tests using Excel 2013 T-TEST command 18 4) Excel-Generated Results: Q8 by Q1 Difference in Q8 means by Q1 is NOT statistically significant. Technical: Fail to reject the null hypothesis for Q8 by Q1
19 Two group hypothesis tests using Excel 2013 T-TEST command 19 Summary In a one-tailed test, T-TEST always tests whether the positive difference between the larger sample statistic and the smaller is statistically-significant. Reject the null hypothesis and Failure to reject the null hypothesis are technical conclusions. A difference IS [or IS NOT] statistically significant is a less-technical conclusion. Use the less-technical expressions for everyday communication.
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