Energy and Society. Professor Ani Aprahamian
|
|
|
- Lesley Campbell
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Energy and Society Professor Ani Aprahamian
2 Wednesday, September 14th Nieuwland Science Hall 123; 6 pm - 7pm Dr. Peter Burns - "Nuclear Energy: Past Mistakes, Current Challenges, Future Prospects" Thursday, September 15th Carey Auditorium in the Hesburgh Library; 7-8:30 pm Dr. Joan Brennecke, Dr. Prashant Kamat, Dr. Jenny Mish, And Dr. Kenneth Sayre "The Future of Renewable Energy: IntersecOons Between Science, Economics, and Philosophy"
3 TA: Weichuan Li Tony Battaglia Room: 180C NSH Office Hours: Thursdays 2:00-3:30 pm Thursdays 5:00-6:30 pm
4 Efficiency & Power loss intransmission of Electricity
5 Energy Flow by Sector and Source for 2009 Total = 94.6 Quadrillion Btu
6 How do we get energy from fossil fuels? One example. induction ThinkQuest
7 How Do Fossil Fuels and Biomass Pollute? All fossil fuels and biomasses consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms. When these fuels are burned, or "combusted," carbon atoms unite with oxygen in the air to form carbon dioxide.
8 Energy content of various fuels: Energy from fuels Direct heat, lighting Run an engine.heat, Other work Unit of energy is Joules
9 What you need to know about energy hip://needtoknow.nas.edu/energy/
10 What is the problem???????? Engines: Efficiency = work done/energy put into the system = What you got out/what you put in 100% efficiency not possible. friction, viscosity insulation other A heat engine is a physical or theoretical device that converts thermal energy to mechanical output. The mechanical output is called work, and the thermal energy input is called heat.
11 Think of an engine as operalng between two thermal reservoirs One at High Temperature engine takes the heat (Q H from hot reservoir) does work with it and returns the rest to the cooler reservoir Energy Conservation. Q H =Work + Q C If you want engine to operate you must provide Q H Efficiency = W/Q H
12 Ideal Engines. what is ideal? All reversible processes Efficiency of a Real power plant or other fuel source Example: A heat engine operates between a geothermal steam source at C and a river at 20 0 C It has an efficiency of 20%.What percentage of its theoretical maximum Efficiency is it achieving? Efficiency of an ideal engine (Carnot): (1- T cold /T hot )x 100%= (1-293/485)x100% = 39.6% Temperature in Kelvin. 1 Celsius = =274 K 50%
13 No perfect engines.. We can only convert some of the heat to work not all of it 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics Entropy Time Travel Beam me up Scotty.. perfume
14 Real power plants.40% Example: In the US, 85% of the electricity is generated by burning fossil fuels to produce steam, Which in turn drives alternators that produce electricity. Power plants can produce steam with a temperature as high as C by pressurizing the steam. The resulting waste heat must be exhausted into the environment at a temperature of 20 0 C (1- T cold /T hot )x 100%= maximum efficiency =873 degree Kelvin =293 [1-(293/873)] x 100%=66.4%
15 Efficiency of an ideal engine (Carnot): Temperature in degree Kelvin (1- T cold /T hot )x 100% Example: T= 1 degree C = degree Kelvin Power= rate of Energy dispersion= Work/time Power loss P=I 2 R I=current in Amperes; R=resistance in Ohms Power production P=IV I=current in Amperes; V= Voltage in volts Temperature Conversion F to C Deduct 32 and multiply by 5/9 C to F Multiply by 9/5 then add 32 C to K C add degrees = K
16 Example: An inventor claims to have developed a wonderful new heat Engine that operates with a relatively cool flame at C and discharges Waste heat to the environment at 20 0 C. All his pr literature advertises that 45% of the fuel energy is Converted to useful work. What is the maximum efficiency that can be expected for this engine? =423 Kelvin =293 Kelvin (1- T cold /T hot )x 100% 30.7%
17 Example A power plant has an efficiency of 30% It burns 7938 tons of coal per day Coal produces 2 x 10 4 Btu/kg What is the electric power output of the plant in kilowatts? 1 ton = kilograms Kg 1.44 x10 11 Btu 4.32x10 10 Btu 1 day=24 hrs 1.8 x10 9 Btu 1 kilowatt hr =3413 Btu 5.27x10 5 KWatts
18 So what does this mean for energy and society? Electricity is a manufactured product. It is not something you pump out of the ground or mine or collect from the sun or wind. Electric power is manufactured from a rotating machine that we call an electrical generator. After it is generated, (manufactured) it is then delivered through copper wires to where it is utilized
19 the invention of the machine to generate power is right next to the invention of the printing press in the list of major contributions to the advancement of human civilization.
20 A "generator" and "motor" are essentially the same thing: what you call it depends on whether electricity is going into the unit or coming out of it. Electric generators are essentially very large quantities of copper wire spinning around inside very large magnets, at very high speeds. Example: A commercial utility electric generator -- for example, a 180-megawatt generator -- can be quite large. It is 20 feet in diameter, 50 feet long, and weighs over 50 tons. The copper coils (called the "armature") spin at 3600 revolutions per minute. Although the principle is simple (copper wire and magnets), it's not necessarily easy! Steam turbine generators, gas turbine generators, diesel engine generators, alternate energy systems (except photovoltaics), even nuclear power plants all operate on the same principle - magnets plus copper wire plus motion equals electric current. The electricity produced is the same, regardless of source.
21 Steam turbine Hydro-electric plant
22 So where do all the different fuels come in? It's all a queslon of how to get (and keep) the system moving (i.e. how to keep the copper wire spinning around). In a steam power plant, fuels (such as petroleum, coal, or biomass) are burned to heat water which turns into steam, which goes through a turbine, which spins...turning the copper wire (armature) inside the generator and genera4ng an electric current.
23 A geothermal power plant is preiy much a steam power plant, since what comes out of the earth is steam. Rainwater soaks into the ground and goes down, down, down...far enough unll it reaches a region which is really hot (in Hawaii, that's about 6000 feet). A well is drilled, the steam comes out, goes through a heat exchanger, and spins a turbine... turning the copper wire (armature) inside the generator and genera4ng an electric current. By the Lme the steam has gone through the heat exchanger, it has cooled off and become warm water. It is then re- injected into the ground. In a gas turbine power plant, fuels are burned to create hot gases which go through a turbine, which spins...turning the copper armature inside the generator and genera4ng an electric current.
24 In a nuclear power plant, nuclear reactions create heat to heat water, which turns into steam, which goes through a turbine, which spins...turning the copper armature inside the generator and generating an electric current. In a wind turbine, the wind pushes against the turbine blades, causing the rotor to spin...turning the copper armature inside the generator and generating an electric current. In a hydroelectric turbine, flowing (or falling) water pushes against the turbine blades, causing the rotor to spin...turning the copper armature inside the generator and generating an electric current.
25 Generation of Electricity. Energy loss in transmission of electricity Expansion and Modernization of the nation s electrical Transmission and distribution systems are urgently needed expansion and modernization would enhance reliability and security, accommodate changed in load growth and demand, and deploy new energy efficiency technologies and to supply on occasion electricity intermittently from other sources wind/solar/etc Report America s Energy Future
26 Power is rate of energy rate at which work is done 1 Watt = 1 J/sec =3.41 BTU/hr Grid transfers energy from power plant to enduser
27 Energy Basics Energy is the ability/capacity to do work Work is the transfer of energy.. Work = force x distance Angle between force and distance 1 J = 1 N m A force of 1 N moving a body over 1 m does 1 J of work. Power = the rate at which work is performed.
28 What is electricity? Electricity & Magnetism are closely related. Electricity.is a flow/stream of charges.current (I) charge is conserved charge is quantized (coulomb) Resistance to flow of Electricity or current.r=voltage/current Units of Current: Amperes.1 coulomb/second= 1 A Electrical Force attraction between opposite charges repulsion between similar charges Energy electrical potential energy.voltage (V) V=IR energy transferred is equal to current x resistance Work = force x distance
29 Electric force per unit charge: Electric Field.N/coulomb= Volt/m
30 Power transmitted over lines.is lost at a rate of P=I 2 R I is the current R is the resistance of the wires Example: 735 kv line is used to transmit electric energy From a hydroelectric plant in QuebecTo Montreal, 1000 km away. Suppose that the current is 500Amperes what is the power loss? Resistivity is Ohms/km P=I 2 R = (500A) 2 x (220 Ohms/km)x 1000 km= 55.0 MW
31 What is rate at which energy is supplied? Total power supplied: P =Volts x Current =735 kv x 1000V/kV x 500A =365 MegaWatts Loss is 55 MW Supply is 365 MW (55/365)x100% = 15% lost
32 What if you doubled Current from 500 A to 1000 A And cut the Volts to half of 735 KV? Supply would be the same. Loss would be much greater. P=I 2 R P= (1000 A) 2 x (220 Ohms/km)x 1000 km = 220 MW is the amount lost now (220MW/368MW)x 100% = 60% lost
33 So.we want to minimize losses P=I 2 R Low current transmission high voltage But we want to use the energy when it arrives safely.. Solution Transformers. Input V/(Nin)= Output V/ (No) output V= input V x (No/Nin)
Generating Current Electricity: Complete the following summary table for each way that electrical energy is generated. Pros:
P a g e 1 Generating Current Electricity: Complete the following summary table for each way that electrical energy is generated. Generating Electrical Energy Using Moving Water: Hydro-Electric Generation
12.5: Generating Current Electricity pg. 518
12.5: Generating Current Electricity pg. 518 Key Concepts: 1. Electrical energy is produced by energy transformations. 2. Electrical energy is produced from renewable and non-renewable resources. 4. Electrical
Name Class Date. You do twice as much work. b. You lift two identical books one meter above the ground.
Exercises 9.1 Work (pages 145 146) 1. Circle the letter next to the correct mathematical equation for work. work = force distance work = distance force c. work = force distance d. work = force distance
T E A C H E R S N O T E S
T E A C H E R S N O T E S Focus: Students explore energy: its sources, forms, and transformations. Students also consider the benefits of energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation. Learning
Module 7 Forms of energy generation
INTRODUCTION In rich countries like Australia, our standard of living is dependent on easily available energy. Every time you catch a bus, turn on a light or watch television energy is being used up. Over
General Physical Science
General Physical Science Chapter 4 Work and Energy Work The work done by a constant force F acting upon an object is the product of the magnitude of the force (or component of the force) and the parallel
Electricity. Electricity: The Mysterious Force. 32 Intermediate Energy Infobook CARBON ATOM SEVERAL COMMON ELEMENTS
Electricity: The Mysterious Force What exactly is the mysterious force we call electricity? It is simply moving electrons. And what exactly are electrons? They are tiny particles found in atoms. Everything
In science, energy is the ability to do work. Work is done when a force causes an
What is energy? In science, energy is the ability to do work. Work is done when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force. Energy is expressed in units of joules (J). A joule is calculated
Station #1 Interpreting Infographs
Energy Resources Stations Activity Page # 1 Station #1 Interpreting Infographs 1. Identify and explain each of the energy sources (5) illustrated in the infograph. 2. What do the white and black circles
FIELD TRIP TO A POWER PLANT - A Reading Guide
TITLE: TOPIC: FIELD TRIP TO A POWER PLANT - A Reading Guide Energy and the sources of energy used in power plants GRADE LEVEL: Secondary CONTENT STANDARD: Earth and Space Science CONTENT OBJECTIVE: For
10 Nuclear Power Reactors Figure 10.1
10 Nuclear Power Reactors Figure 10.1 89 10.1 What is a Nuclear Power Station? The purpose of a power station is to generate electricity safely reliably and economically. Figure 10.1 is the schematic of
5-Minute Refresher: RENEWABLE ENERGY
5-Minute Refresher: RENEWABLE ENERGY Renewable Energy Key Ideas Renewable energy is a source of energy that can be used and replenished naturally in a relatively short period of time. Non renewable energy
CANADA S RESOURCES: CONVENTIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
CANADA S RESOURCES: CONVENTIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY Introduction Canadians are among the highest energy consumers in the world. Why? (list 3 possible reasons) Northern climate/very cold temperatures
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
The Second aw of Thermodynamics The second law of thermodynamics asserts that processes occur in a certain direction and that the energy has quality as well as quantity. The first law places no restriction
Chapter 2: Forms of Energy
Chapter 2: Forms of Energy Goals of Period 2 Section 2.1: To describe the forms of energy Section 2.2: To illustrate conversions from one form of energy to another Section 2.3: To define the efficiency
Energy Quiz. Questions:
Energy Quiz Want to have some fun and learn at the same time. This is not a test. You don t have to pass it and it won t give you a grade. It will just help you learn or find out how much you remember
MCQ - ENERGY and CLIMATE
1 MCQ - ENERGY and CLIMATE 1. The volume of a given mass of water at a temperature of T 1 is V 1. The volume increases to V 2 at temperature T 2. The coefficient of volume expansion of water may be calculated
HOW IT WORKS ELECTRICITY GENERATION
10 2 ELECTRICITY IN ONTARIO Ontario gets its electricity from a mix of energy sources. About half of our electricity comes from nuclear power. The remainder comes from a mix of hydroelectric, coal, natural
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Objectives MAE 320 - Chapter 6 The Second Law of Thermodynamics The content and the pictures are from the text book: Çengel, Y. A. and Boles, M. A., Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, McGraw-Hill,
Forms of Energy. Freshman Seminar
Forms of Energy Freshman Seminar Energy Energy The ability & capacity to do work Energy can take many different forms Energy can be quantified Law of Conservation of energy In any change from one form
Understanding and Measuring School Electronics
Understanding and Measuring School Electronics MATERIALS NEEDED: 1. 6 energy monitoring devices (note: these can be obtained from a variety of sources, i.e., local hardware stores, internet [average cost
Energy Sources: The Pros and Cons
Energy Sources: The Pros and Cons A Reading A Z Level Z Leveled Book Word Count: 1,803 LEVELED BOOK Z Energy Sources: The Pros and Cons Written by David L. Dreier Visit www.readinga-z.com for thousands
Energy Transformations
Energy Transformations Concept Sheet Energy Transformations PS.6: The student will investigate and understand states and forms of energy and how energy is transferred and transformed. 1. Energy is the
Alternative and Renewable Energy. Christopher Nicholson section: AD Last 4 # of SIN: 5001
Alternative and Renewable Energy Christopher Nicholson section: AD Last 4 # of SIN: 5001 Current Primary Energy Sources Current Primary Energy Sources The pie chart on the left depicts global sources of
Conventional Energy Sources
9.2 Conventional Energy Sources Key Question: What benefits and problems come with common sources of energy? Hints The word plant here is not the kind that grows out of the ground. In this section, plants
Do-Now. 1.) Get out notebook.
Do-Now 1.) Get out notebook. 2.) Answer the following questions on the first clean sheet in your notebook. 1.) What are renewable resources? 2.) What are nonrenewable resources? Alternative Sources of
Energy Conversions I. Unit of measure (most common one) Form Definition Example
Energy Conversions I Energy can take many forms, but any one form can usually be converted into another. And no matter what form we talk about, we can use conversion factors to calculate equivalent amounts
Section 15.1 Energy and Its Forms (pages 446 452)
Section 15.1 and Its Forms (pages 446 452) This section describes how energy and work are related. It defines kinetic energy and potential energy, and gives examples for calculating these forms of energy.
Investigating How Electricity is Generated
www.waterplanetchallenge.org Lesson Plan Grades 9-12 Investigating How Electricity is Generated Electrically Speaking: How Does it Get From There to Here? Introduction Ask your students, What is the cost
Forms of Energy: Multiple Transformations : Teacher Notes
Forms of Energy: Multiple Transformations : Teacher Notes Introduction The focus of the investigation is to further define energy and realize that chains of energy transformations can occur. The VoltageCurrent,
Borough of South River, New Jersey Alternative Energy & Conservation Committee
Borough of South River, New Jersey Alternative Energy & Conservation Committee Municipal, Commercial & Residential Energy Initiative Executive Summary August 24, 2009 Alternative Energy & Conservation
PS-6.2 Explain the factors that determine potential and kinetic energy and the transformation of one to the other.
PS-6.1 Explain how the law of conservation of energy applies to the transformation of various forms of energy (including mechanical energy, electrical energy, chemical energy, light energy, sound energy,
Electrical Charge: a type of energy that comes from the flow of charged particles; it allows electrical devices to function.
Unit E: Electrical Applications Chapter 11: Electrical Energy 11.1: Generating Electricity pg. 420 Key Concepts: 1. Electrical energy is generated using a variety of technologies. 2. Electrical energy
THERMAL TO MECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION: ENGINES AND REQUIREMENTS
THERMAL TO MECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION: ENGINES AND REQUIREMENTS Oleg N. Favorsky Russian Academy of Science, Division of Physical-Technical Problems of Energetics, Moscow, Russia Keywords: Power, heat,
Chapter 4 EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY CONVERSION
Chapter 4 EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY CONVERSION The National Energy Strategy reflects a National commitment to greater efficiency in every element of energy production and use. Greater energy efficiency can
Energy What is Energy? Energy is the ability to do work. Any object that has energy has the ability to create force. Energy is one of the fundamental building blocks of our universe. Energy appears in
Measuring Electricity Class Activity
Measuring Electricity Class Activity Objective: To understand what energy is, how it impacts our daily lives, and how one can become an energy steward. Learning Outcomes: Students will: 1. Understand where
Alternative Energy. Terms and Concepts: Relative quantities of potential energy resources, Solar constant, Economies of scale
Objectives Key Terms and Concepts Introduction Solar Wind Hydroelectric Power Geothermal Sources Biofuels Summary: Economies of Scale Questions for the video if time permits Alternative Energy Objectives:
ENERGY PRODUCING SYSTEMS
ENERGY PRODUCING SYSTEMS SOLAR POWER INTRODUCTION Energy from the sun falls on our planet on a daily basis. The warmth of the sun creates conditions on earth conducive to life. The weather patterns that
Investigating How Electricity is Generated
www.waterplanetchallenge.org Lesson Plan Grades 6-8 Investigating How Electricity is Generated Electrically Speaking: How Does it Get From There to Here? Introduction Here are the facts. First, civilization
Electric Power Annual 2013
Electric Power Annual 2013 March 2015 Independent Statistics & Analysis www.eia.gov U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration
Electric Power Annual 2014
Electric Power Annual 2014 February 2016 Independent Statistics & Analysis www.eia.gov U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration
Multiple Choice. Multiple Choice. Multiple Choice. Multiple Choice. If you are using biomass as a source of energy you might be:
Multiple Choice Multiple Choice Which of the following is a renewable source of energy? If you are using biomass as a source of energy you might be: A. Coal B. Hydropower C. Natural gas D. Petroleum A.
Little Barford Power Station Visit Report
Little Barford Power Station Visit Report Exhaust Chimney Computer Control Room Air intake filter Step-Up Transformer Cooling Towers Exciter Steam Turbine Black Start Generator By Stephen Lucas Steam Turbine
Introduction. So, What Is a Btu?
Introduction The way of life that we Americans take for granted every day depends upon a stable and abundant supply of affordable energy. Energy shortages can quickly affect our everyday lives and harm
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency for Tribal Community and Project Development. Basic Energy and Market Terms
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency for Tribal Community and Project Development Basic Energy and Market Terms Overview Provide background terminology and information to course participants Discuss
Adapted from The NEED Project, Manassas, VA. Lesson 10 Overhead 1 of 8
Adapted from The NEED Project, Manassas, VA Lesson 10 Overhead 1 of 8 From The NEED Project, Manassas, VA Lesson 10 Overhead 2 of 8 Lesson 10 Overhead 3 of 8 Coal Fired Power Plant http://c1cleantechnicacom.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/files/2011/10/coal_power_plant_datteln_2_crop1-e1318788714370.png
Chapter 4 Forms of energy
Chapter 4 Forms of energy Introduction This chapter compromises a set of activities that focuses on the energy sources and conversion. The activities illustrate The concept and forms of energy; The different
Chapter 2: Forms of Energy
Chapter 2: Forms of Energy Goals of Period 2 Section 2.1: To describe the forms of energy Section 2.2: To illustrate conversions from one form of energy to another Section 2.3 To describe energy storage
Basics of Electricity
Basics of Electricity Generator Theory PJM State & Member Training Dept. PJM 2014 8/6/2013 Objectives The student will be able to: Describe the process of electromagnetic induction Identify the major components
WindWise Education. 2 nd. T ransforming the Energy of Wind into Powerful Minds. editi. A Curriculum for Grades 6 12
WindWise Education T ransforming the Energy of Wind into Powerful Minds A Curriculum for Grades 6 12 Notice Except for educational use by an individual teacher in a classroom setting this work may not
AZ State Standards. Concept 3: Conservation of Energy and Increase in Disorder Understand ways that energy is conserved, stored, and transferred.
Forms of Energy AZ State Standards Concept 3: Conservation of Energy and Increase in Disorder Understand ways that energy is conserved, stored, and transferred. PO 1. Describe the following ways in which
6 18 A steam power plant receives heat from a furnace at a rate of 280 GJ/h. Heat losses to the surrounding air from the steam as it passes through
Thermo 1 (MEP 261) Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach Yunus A. Cengel & Michael A. Boles 7 th Edition, McGraw-Hill Companies, ISBN-978-0-07-352932-5, 2008 Sheet 6:Chapter 6 6 17 A 600-MW steam power
STEM 2 3: The Basics of Energy, Electricity, and Water Jigsaw
STEM 2 3: The Basics of Energy, Electricity, and Water Jigsaw Objective To increase understanding of forms of energy, sources of energy, atomic structure, electricity, magnetism, electricity generation,
Chapter 13 Quiz. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Chapter 13 Quiz Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is the correct type of energy utilized to produce tidal power? a.
The final numerical answer given is correct but the math shown does not give that answer.
Note added to Homework set 7: The solution to Problem 16 has an error in it. The specific heat of water is listed as c 1 J/g K but should be c 4.186 J/g K The final numerical answer given is correct but
Sustainable Energy Sources By: Sue Peterson
www.k5learning.com Objective sight words (consumption, terrain, integral, orbit, originated, contemporary, remote); concepts (sustainable, renewable, photovoltaics, gasification) Vocabulary consumption
THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY FROM WOOD AND OTHER SOLID BIOMASS
THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY FROM WOOD AND OTHER SOLID BIOMASS RTP TM /ADVANCED CYCLE VS. COMBUSTION STEAM CYCLES OR WHY NOT SIMPLY COMBUST? For decades, the only commercial option available for the production
Activity 1: 2 butter cartons, scissors, cling film, thermometer, water, a sunny spot and a shady spot.
Equipment: Activity 1: 2 butter cartons, scissors, cling film, thermometer, water, a sunny spot and a shady spot. Activity 2: 3 thermometers, black paper, white paper Suggested Class Level: 3rd 6th Preparation:
Mission 4: Fossil Fuel Power Stations
Mission 4: Fossil Fuel Power Stations What are Fossil Fuels? It says here that electricity is made in a big factory called a power station. It is made by burning fossil fuels. So what is a fossil fuel?
ch 15 practice test Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
ch 15 practice test Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Work is a transfer of a. energy. c. mass. b. force. d. motion. 2. What
310 Exam Questions. 1) Discuss the energy efficiency, and why increasing efficiency does not lower the amount of total energy consumed.
310 Exam Questions 1) Discuss the energy efficiency, and why increasing efficiency does not lower the amount of total energy consumed. 2) What are the three main aspects that make an energy source sustainable?
Design Exercises and Projects in Energy Engineering Course
Session XXXX Design Exercises and Projects in Energy Engineering Course Kendrick Aung Department of Mechanical Engineering Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710 Abstract Energy Engineering is a senior
ME 201 Thermodynamics
ME 0 Thermodynamics Second Law Practice Problems. Ideally, which fluid can do more work: air at 600 psia and 600 F or steam at 600 psia and 600 F The maximum work a substance can do is given by its availablity.
Source-Site Ratios (Final)
Source-Site Ratios (Final) Prepared for: National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) Energy and Power Division Prepared by: December 8, 2014 Source-Site Ratios National Rural Electric Cooperative
ENERGY AND ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS. The scientific definition of energy is the ability to do work. The four most common forms of energy are:
ENERGY AND ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS The scientific definition of energy is the ability to do work. The four most common forms of energy are: chemical - potential or stored energy stored in chemicals, released
Appendix F Alternatives for Estimating Energy Consumption
Appendix F Alternatives Estimating Energy Consumption This appendix is reprinted from the Annual Energy Review 200. EIA continues to review alternative options accounting energy consumption and related
Study Plan. MASTER IN (Energy Management) (Thesis Track)
Plan 2005 T Study Plan MASTER IN (Energy Management) (Thesis Track) A. General Rules and Conditions: 1. This plan conforms to the regulations of the general frame of the programs of graduate studies. 2.
University of Iowa Power Plant
University of Iowa Power Plant Contents Purpose... 2 History... 3 Cogeneration... 6 Boilers... 7 Environmental Impact... 10 Steam Turbine Generators... 12 Modernization... 14 Biomass Fuel Initiative...
As you learned in the previous activity, energy is either potential energy or kinetic energy. Each can take many forms.
Topic 6: Forms of Potential Energy As you learned in the previous activity, energy is either potential energy or kinetic energy. Each can take many forms. Forms of potential energy include Stored Mechanical
Ground Source Heat Pumps The Fundamentals. Southington, Connecticut 860 628 4622 John F. Sima III P.E.
Ground Source Heat Pumps The Fundamentals Southington, Connecticut 860 628 4622 John F. Sima III P.E. Winter/Spring 2010 Ground Source Heat Pumps The Fundamentals TOPICS: Heat Pump Terminology Basic Physics
GEOTHERMAL POWER GENERATION A PRIMER ON LOW-TEMPERATURE, SMALL-SCALE APPLICATIONS
GEOTHERMAL POWER GENERATION A PRIMER ON LOW-TEMPERATURE, SMALL-SCALE APPLICATIONS by Kevin Rafferty Geo-Heat Center January 2000 REALITY CHECK Owners of low-temperature geothermal resources are often interested
How to Earn the LEED Green Power Credit
3D EG REES WH ITE PAPER How to Earn the LEED Green Power Credit Using on-site and off-site renewable energy to mitigate the impact of greenhouse gas emissions associated with a LEED project s energy use
Electric Power Concepts. Prof. Sid Suryanarayanan Div. of Engg., Colorado School of Mines ssuryana@mines.edu http://www.mines.
Electric Power Concepts Prof. Sid Suryanarayanan Div. of Engg., Colorado School of Mines ssuryana@mines.edu http://www.mines.edu/~ssuryana Outline of presentation How is electricity produced? Or How does
AN ACT RELATING TO UTILITIES; ALLOWING RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATES TO BE ISSUED FOR THE USE OF THERMAL ENERGY PRODUCED BY
AN ACT RELATING TO UTILITIES; ALLOWING RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATES TO BE ISSUED FOR THE USE OF THERMAL ENERGY PRODUCED BY GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES; SETTING STANDARDS FOR MEASUREMENT OF THERMAL ENERGY
Overview on SEA output
1 st SEA workshop of the revised PDP VII Overview on SEA output of Project N a t i o n a l P o w e r D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n p e r i o d 2 0 11-2 0 2 0, v i s i o n 2 0 3 0 ( P D P V I I ) P r e
Alternative Energy Resources
Alternative Energy Resources Energy Resource Advantages Disadvantages What are some renewable energy resources? A nonrenewable resource cannot be replaced in a reasonable amount of time. Fossil fuels such
Environmental Science 101 Energy. Web-Based Course. Lecture Outline: Terms You Should Know: Learning Objectives: Reading Assignment:
Environmental Science 101 Energy 1 Web-Based Course Lecture Outline: 5. RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES MODULE 5.1 Improving Energy Efficiency A. Improving Energy Efficiency MODULE 5.2 Geothermal, Hydro and
Efficiency Metrics for CHP Systems: Total System and Effective Electric Efficiencies
Efficiency Metrics for CHP Systems: Total System and Effective Electric Efficiencies Combined heat and power (CHP) is an efficient and clean approach to generating power and thermal energy from a single
Semester 2. Final Exam Review
Semester 2 Final Exam Review Motion and Force Vocab Motion object changes position relative to a reference point. Speed distance traveled in a period of time. Velocity speed in a direction. Acceleration
WIND POWER IN INDIA: PROS AND CONS AN OVERVIEW
Int. J. Elec&Electr.Eng&Telecoms. 2013 Sunita Singh, 2013 Review Article ISSN 2319 2518 www.ijeetc.com Vol. 2, No. 2, April 2013 2013 IJEETC. All Rights Reserved WIND POWER IN INDIA: PROS AND CONS AN OVERVIEW
AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2012 SCORING GUIDELINES
AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2012 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 2 The Fremont School District uses oil to heat school buildings. Go Green! is a new project the district will implement. The superintendent has
ENERGY TRANSFER SYSTEMS AND THEIR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
ENERGY TRANSFER SYSTEMS AND THEIR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS Many mechanical energy systems are devoted to transfer of energy between two points: the source or prime mover (input) and the load (output). For chemical
Where and Why Does the Wind Blow?
EXPLORATION Where and Why Does the Wind Blow? Examine the map and the key. Most sources say that areas with annual average wind speeds greater than 6.5 meters per second at 80-100 m are suitable for utility
Innovadidattica, Leggere e scrivere l'ambiente
Attenzione: l'allievo ha risposto usando il colore rosso. Allievo: Francesco B. 1. Read 1. Energy basics Energy is in everything. We use energy for everything we do, from making a jump shot to baking cookies
e7/ppa Workshop on Renewable Energy - TEST ANSWER -
e7/ppa Workshop on Renewable Energy - TEST ANSWER - NAME UTILITY 1 Question 1: Give two kinds of gases that cause the global warming. Most serious Green house gas. CO 2 (Carbon dioxide), CH 4 (Methane),
Sustainable Schools 2009. Renewable Energy Technologies. Andrew Lyle RD Energy Solutions
Sustainable Schools 2009 Renewable Energy Technologies Andrew Lyle RD Energy Solutions RD Energy Solutions Energy efficiency and renewable energy consultancy Project management of installations Maintenance
S1 Topic 9. Energy and Generating Electricity. Level: S1. Topic: Energy (Unit 4) Introduction:
S1 Topic 9 Energy and Generating Electricity Level: S1 Topic: Energy (Unit 4) Introduction: This set of ELA materials is designed for students whose academic ability is comparatively high. The whole unit,
Sources of electricity
Sources of electricity This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
5. State the function of pulveriser. The pulverisers are the equipments which are used to powdered coal.
413 POWER PLANT ENGINEERING PART-A 1. Define Power. Power is the rate at which energy is used (or) Energy/time. 2. What are the types of fuels? Solid fuel Liquid fuel Gaseous fuel (Any one among the above
Sources of electricity
Sources of electricity This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
Geothermal: The Clean Energy Secret May 7, 2008
Geothermal: The Clean Energy Secret May 7, 2008 Published by Dr. Patrick Moore in conjunction with the New York Affordable Reliable Electricity Alliance (New York AREA) Geothermal: The Clean Energy Secret
ANALYZING ENERGY. Time and Student Grouping Energy Source Analysis and Consequence Wheel: One class period. Grade Levels: 6-12
ANALYZING ENERGY Lesson Concepts: Students will analyze the advantages and disadvantages of nine different energy sources. They will use their knowledge to predict what would happen if the world did not
Energy Technology. Marco Ordonez
Energy Technology Marco Ordonez Solar Power Solar Power The conversion of sunlight into electricity. Solar Power can be done directly using photovoltaic's, or indirectly using concentrated power. Concentrated
FIXED CHARGE: This is a cost that goes towards making the service available, including
ELECTRICITY BILL COMPONENTS FIXED CHARGE: This is a cost that goes towards making the service available, including installation and maintenance of poles, power lines and equipment, and 24-hour customer
Direct Current Motors
Direct Current Motors DC MOTORS The DC machine can operate as a generator and as a motor. Chap 5. Electrical Machines by Wildi, 6 e Lecturer: R. Alba-Flores Alfred State College Spring 2008 When a DC machine
New Energy Alternatives
New Energy Alternatives New Renewables Commonly referred to as new because: not used on a wide scale technologies that are still in development believed that they will play a large role in the future Chapter
Module 2.2. Heat transfer mechanisms
Module 2.2 Heat transfer mechanisms Learning Outcomes On successful completion of this module learners will be able to - Describe the 1 st and 2 nd laws of thermodynamics. - Describe heat transfer mechanisms.
Abstract. emails: ronderby@earthlink.net, splazzara@aol.com, phone: 860-429-6508, fax: 860-429-4456
SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT WITH THERMAL STORAGE Ronald C. Derby, President Samuel P. Lazzara, Chief Technical Officer Cenicom Solar Energy LLC * Abstract TM employs 88 parabolic mirrors (concentrating dishes)
I = V/r P = VI. I = P/V = 100 W / 6 V = 16.66 amps. What would happen if you use a 12-volt battery and a 12-volt light bulb to get 100 watts of power?
Volts, Amps and Ohms Measuring Electricity The three most basic units in electricity are voltage (V), current (I) and resistance (r). Voltage is measured in volts, current is measured in amps and resistance