Flood Damage Statistics in Japan - What is required for mainstreaming DM?

Transcription

1 Flood Damage Statistics in Japan - What is required for mainstreaming DM? 30 September 2013 Yusuke AMANO Director, International Affairs Office Water and Disaster Management Bureau Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

2 1. Background Outline 2. Methodology for Flood Damage Statistics Survey in Japan 3. Utilization of the Flood Damage Statistics 2

3 Official Statistics in Japan Official Statistics is defined in the Statistics Act in Japan as critical information for the citizens in their reasonable decision making. In accordance with the Statistics Act, the Basic Plan concerning the development of official statistics is established, in which the Basic Policy and implementation measures are set. Basic Policy The role of official statistics To serve as the information bases for the country, enterprises, and individuals in their reasonable decision making. Fundamental viewpoints for the policy implementation To secure the effectiveness of the official statistics; 1. Develop statistics systematically 2. Respond to changes to economical and social environment 3. Promote effective use of the statistical data 4. Prepare statistical data efficiently, secure statistical resources and utilize them effectively Flood Damage Statistics is designated as Official Statistics.

4 Survey and Statistics on Flood Damages in Japan Post-Disaster Survey in accordance with the Disaster Countermeasure Basic Act Post-Disaster Survey determines the number of people and housings (totally damaged, half-damaged, partially-damaged, inundation above/below floor level etc.) damaged by natural disasters including flood, earthquake and tsunami. The survey is conducted and the results are published immediately after the disaster occurrence and are updated as needed. Focusing on announcement and securing budget for urgent recover Flood Damage Statistics Survey Flood Damage Statistics Survey has been carried out every year since 1961 to estimate the actual damage caused by water-related disasters such as floods, landslides, storm surges, tsunamis, etc. to various general assets owned by individuals or corporate bodies (housings, household commodities, machineries for businesses, agricultural products), public infrastructure such as rivers, roads, etc. and assets for public services such as transportation, communication, etc. The survey provides basic data to present the need for and effectiveness of flood control measures. Focusing on determination of economic damage

5 White Paper on Disaster Management Post-Disaster Survey in accordance with the Disaster Countermeasure Basic Act Flood Damage Statistics Survey Survey results are utilized as data source White Paper on Disaster Management Based on Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act, White Paper has been issued every year since It includes the overview of the disaster management measures implemented in the second preceding fiscal year, and the plan for disaster management measures for the current year. (Major disasters in the previous year is also described.)

7 Overview of Flood Damage Statistics Survey 1. Overview of Flood Damage Statistics Survey Flood Damage Statistics Survey has been carried out every year since 1961 to estimate the actual damage caused by water-related disasters such as floods, landslides, storm surges, tsunamis, etc. to various general assets owned by individuals or corporate bodies (housings, household commodities, machineries for businesses, agricultural products), public infrastructure such as rivers, roads, etc. and assets for public services such as transportation, communication, etc. The survey provides basic data for presenting the need for and effectiveness of flood control measures. 2. Disasters subject to Flood Damage Statistics Survey Following water-related disasters that occurred in a given year from January 1 to December 31 1) Floods and inundation caused by river discharge 2) Coastal inundation caused by storm surges and tsunamis 3) Mudflow, landslide, and slope failure caused by heavy rainfall

8 Types of Flood Damage Statistics Survey Flood Damage Statistics Survey includes following surveys and are conducted by making consigning contracts with Prefectures. 1) General Asset Flood Damage Statistics Survey Number of houses damaged (according to inundation depth), affected households, etc are surveyed in order to determine damages to general assets (housings, household commodities, business assets, agricultural products, etc). Damages to General Asset Number of damaged houses according to inundation depth and gradient, number of affected households, etc

9 Type of Flood Damage Statistics Survey 2) Public Infrastructure Flood Damage Statistics Survey Affected facilities and rehabilitation costs are surveyed in order to determine damages to public infrastructure (rivers, coastal, sediment, roads, ports, sewerage, parks, etc). Damages to Infrastructure Cost for emergency rehabilitation, etc 3) Public Services Flood Damage Statistics Survey Costs of physical damage and business interruption are surveyed in order to determine damages to public services (railway, water supply, power supply, communication, etc). Damages to Public Services Physical damage, etc

10 Methodology of the Flood Damage Statistics Survey Flood Damage Statistics Survey is a general statistics survey in accordance with the article 19 of the Statistics Act (approved by Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications). It is carried out by MLIT s Water and Disaster Management Bureau in collaboration with prefectures and municipalities. National Government (MLIT) Develop the guideline of flood damage statistics survey (coverage and procedure of the survey, survey format, fillin guideline, etc.) -Aggregate the survey data -Calculate the economic damage -Compile and publish Flood Damage Statistics -Upload the data to the DB server of Flood Damage Statistics Prefectures Access to Flood Damage Statistics DB Occurrence of water-related disaster General assets Public infrastructures Public Services Municipalities Submit within 45 days of disaster occurrence Submit Municipalities Prefectures Submit Prefectures Aggregate, organize, and screen the survey data Public Services Offices Submit National Government (Regional Offices, etc.) Query and view the survey data

11 Outline of Disaster Risk Management System in Japan Various organizations take different roles in disaster risk management in Japan. Disaster Preparedness Response Recovery/Reconstruction Infrastructure Managers Construction of facilities Damage assessment of the facilities Temporary repair works Rehabilitation of facilities Municipalities Coordination among various stakeholders is essential. Instruction, advisory and order of evacuation Infrastructure Managers Damage assessment for affected people Fire Fighters Rescue Team Police Semi-Private Public Sectors railway, bus electricity, gas, telecom broadcast Assistance to affected people (temporary housing etc.) Private Sectors NGOs Red Cross The Minister, the Governors of prefectures and the Mayor of municipalities are designated as Infrastructure Manager in accordance with the management laws on respective infrastructures such as roads, ports, rivers and so on. Structural measures for DRM are mostly taken by Infrastructure Managers. 1

12 Characteristics of Flood Damage Statistics Survey The Survey is conducted by municipalities and prefectures based on the nationally uniform survey format. The surveys conducted are not subject to the scale/impact of disasters. Information reported by municipalities and prefectures are facts such as inundation area, inundated households, etc. Determination of economic damages is carried out by MLIT. Survey results are published on MLIT website and are accessible by anyone. Systematic survey allows accumulation of high-quality statistics data on a continuous basis

14 Disaster data for effective management for each country can be utilized - to recognize characteristics of disasters - to review outcomes of disaster management - to identify priority actions to be taken - to encourage continuous efforts and investments for international community - to monitor progress of international cooperation - to help setting internationally common targets (Post MDGs, Review of HFA)

15 Tokai Flood Typhoon Kathleen Typhoon Ion Typhoon Kitty Typhoon Jane Typhoon Ruth West-Japan Flood Typhoon Toyamaru Isahaya Flood Typhoon Karinogawa Typhoon Ise-Bay Second Typhoon Muroto Typhoon No.24, No.26 West-Japan Water Disaster Typhoon No.6, No.7, No.9 Typhoon No.17 Nagasaki Water Disaster Western-Sanin Water Disaster Typhoon No.6, Landslide in Nagano West-Japan Water Disaster Typhoon No.17, No.18, No.19 Pyroclastic flow of Unzen-Fugen-Dake August Flood in Kyusyu Debris Flow in Kagoshima Harihara Fukushima Tochigi Flood, Kochi Flood Debris Flow in Hiroshima Kumamoto Flood Effect of Flood Management in Japan Number of Fatalities by Floods, GDP and Budget for Flood Management (2000 price) Number of Fatalities (people) Flood Management Cost (2000 price) GDP (2000 price) Number of Fatalities Flood Management Cost (2000 price) (hundred of million yen) GDP(2000 price) <billion yen> 10,000 30,000 <600,000> 25,000 <500,000> 1,000 20,000 <400,000> ,000 <300,000> 10 10,000 <200,000> 5,000 <100,000> 1 0 <0> Water-related Disasters Statistics in Japan *Number of fatalities exclude those who dead by tsunami *GDP : (2000 price), (1990 price)

16 Inundated Area by Floods Inundated area (10,000 ha) Total Inundated Area (10,000ha) Area of Inundated (Residential & Other Property) (10,000ha)

17 Economic Losses to General Assets Damage to General Assets (10 billion yen) Area of Inundated (Residential & Other Property) (10,000ha) Damage to General Assets (2000 Price)

18 Flood Damage Density (Economic Losses per Area), GDP and Budget for Flood Management (2000 price) Flood Management Cost (2000 price) (hundred of million yen) GDP(2000 price) <billion yen> 30,000 <600,000> Density of Damage Cost (thousand yen / ha) Damage to General Assets (10 billion yen) ,000 <500,000> 20,000 <400,000> 15,000 <300,000> Inundated area (10,000 ha) ,000 <200,000> ,000 <100,000> <0> Total Inundated Area (10,000ha) Area of Inundated (Residential & Other Property) (10,000ha) Density of Flood Damage to General Assets Damage to General Assets (2000 Price) Flood Management Cost (2000 price) GDP (2000 price) Water-related Disasters Statistics in Japan

19 Number of Fatalities (per Million People per Year) Number of Fatalities by floods (person/1 million residents) 50 中国韓国日本ベトナムフィリピンインドネシアバングラデシュスリランカアメリカイギリスオランダ China Korea Japan Viet Nam Philippines Indonesia Bangladesh Sri Lanka The US UK The Netherlands Bangladesh 412 persons/year 1975 Floods in Henan Province, China 1991 Philippines 82persons/year Vietnam 25 China 1995 Philippines 2004 Philippines Korea 2007 Bangladesh

20 Economic Losses by Floods (5 years average)/gdp(%) US, UK and the Netherlands already have high standard of safety against floods, and their flood losses are kept under 0.2% since Japan with a high level of GDP also has kept flood losses under 0.2%. Korea s flood losses have risen to approx. 0.5% of GDP due to floods of 2001 and Flood losses of the Philippines, Vietnam and China have significantly reduced from 1990 to Flood Damage/GDP (%) 中国韓国日本ベトナムフィリピンインドネシアバングラデシュスリランカアメリカイギリスオランダ 3.00% China Korea Japan Viet Nam Philippines Indonesia Bangladesh Sri Lanka The US UK The Netherlands 2.50% Bangladesh China 2.00% Vietnam 1.50% Philippines 1.00% 0.50% Maximum Line of Japan, China, and Korea (0.5%) Maximum Line of The US, UK, and The Netherlands (0.2%) 0.00% 20

21 Budget for Flood Management/GDP(%) Flood losses in the Philippines have been decreasing since It is probably due to the fact that flood control investment of 0.2 to 0.4% of GDP has been secured every year since late 1980s. Flood losses in China have been decreasing since Although no data is available on flood control investment since 2004, it is probability due to continuous investment into flood control. Bangladesh has been experiencing disruptive flood events with severe damages even in recent years. Budget for flood control /GDP(%) 1.00% China: 中国 : 治 Budget 水予算 /GDP for flood control/gdp Korea: 韓国 : 治 Budget 水予算 /GDP for flood control/gdp Japan: 日本 : 治 Budget 水予算 /GDP for flood control/gdp 0.80% Philippines: Budget for flood control/gdp フィリピン: 治水予算 /GDP 0.60% Bangladesh: Budget for flood control/gdp バングラデシュ: 治水予算 /GDP Philippines Bangladesh Korea 0.40% 0.20% 0.00% Japan China 21

22 Effectiveness of Flood Control Projects (damage reduction due to levee construction, river channel excavation, etc) Levee construction, channel excavation and development of detention basins were carried out in Igarashi River and Kariyata River of Shinano River System after the flood of July 2004 in order to prevent damages from future flooding. In July 2011, heavy rain with precipitation higher than that of 2004 by 40% was recorded, however damages were significantly reduced. Kariyata River Detention Basin Heavy Rain in Niigata and Fukushima in July 2004 Levees failed in Igarashi River and Kariyata River due to 13 days of heavy rains that started from the midnight of July Inundation occurred in a large extent. Kariyata Weir Levee construction, channel excavation, straightening of channel, etc Detention Basin (July 30 14:00) C basin B basin A basin 6 basins developed as emergency measures after 2004 flood Detention basins and upstream dam played effective roles in reducing downstream water levels and prevented inundation. [Dimensions of Kariyata River Detention Basin] Detention Area Design Capacity 912,000 m2 2,347,000 m3 刈谷田大堰地点平成 16 年 7 月 13 日洪水平成 23 年 7 月 30 日洪水堤防高 E basin F basin Detention basin straightening of channel levee construction channel excavation, etc Straightening of channel 7.13 水害では越水 Curved channel section is straightened to safely discharge flood water and prevent flooding. Kariyata River Nakanoshima Ohashi Bridge Failure location Inundation area Levee construction and channel excavation in Igarashi River Inundation due to levee failure in Igarashi River (Sanjo City, Niigata Pref.) day precipitation (Upstream of Teiseki-bashi) Damages to General Asset Damaged Buildings (mm) (million yen) (number) 40% increase , 平成 16 年 7 月洪水平成 23 年 7 月洪水平成 16 年 7 月洪水平成 23 年 7 月洪水平成 16 年 7 月洪水平成 23 年 7 月洪水 , , % reduction 93% reduction ,062

23 Effectiveness of Flood Control Measures Hurricane Katrina (2005.8) Heavy Rain in Tokai (2000.9) リケーンカトリーナ(H17.8) ハリケーンカトリーナ(H17.8) カトリーナ(H17.8) Hurricane Katrina (2005.8) しょうない東 Heavy 海豪 Rain 雨 (H12.9) in Tokai 愛 (2000.9) 知県庄 (Shonai 内川 & Shin 新川 Rivers) 新川堤防整備の効果 : 名古屋市愛知県堤防整備の効果 : Effectiveness of 最大約最大約 1,250 1,250 億ドル額億ドル激 prevention 特事業の効果 : ドル125 ( 被 billion 害約額 Effectiveness 14 of 堤防整備兆 prevention ( 約 14 兆円 ) 相当の効果 : 円 ) 相当約 5,500 億円円 ) 1) 約 USD 1,250 億ドル billion yen Max. 125 相当最大約 1,250 billion 71.6 億ドル 716 億 billion 円の事 yen 前 of 投資 investment で could 約 20 億ド ( 約 14 兆円 ) 約 20 億被害額ドルの事前投資で約 5,500 億円の害軽減 ( 約 14 USD billion reduce 約 550 billion 1250 yen of damages 億兆円 ) 相当約 1250 約 6,700 億円ドルの事業実施後 : 被害軽減 yen 120 想定 billion 被害額 2 約 1,200 億円事業費 : 計 716 億円約 billion 20 億 USD ドルの of 事 investment 前投資で yen 約 2 could 約 1250 reduce 億ドルの 125 billion 被害軽 USD 減東約海豪雨の 20 Estimated 事業億実施 losses 後のドル再度災害 1) ( 約 2 ( Total 被約害 losses 額 2,200 with prevention Cost of Prevention 想定被害額億防止円費用 ) of damages トリーナに事約 20 億ドル2) 1) 前予防実施時害総事額前予防 Approx. 実 2 billion 施の USD 時 2) 想定被カテゴリー5 害額の想定被 ( 約害 2,200 億円額 ) 対応費用ハリケーンカトリーナに Estimated losses 事前予防実施時 Cost カテゴリー5 of Category Total losses with prevention よる被害総額 measures の想定被害額 5 measures 対応費用 1) 米軍海洋大気庁 (NOAA) Hurricane Katrina A Climatological Perspective(2006.8) The need for improvements against category 5 hurricanes (same as Katrina) had been called for before the Katrina (stressing that investment into prevention is more efficient) 2) 2)USACE journal River Side September-October 2004 measures Measures 庄内川カテ対 Overview of damages (New Orleans) Deaths : 1,322 people Inundation area : 80% of land area Inundated houses : 160,000 people Total losses : 125 billion dollars Inundation in Nishibiwajima Town Inundated city center

24 Thank you very much for your attention.