Swedish electricity certificate system

Transcription

1 Energikontor Sydost AB Framtidsvägen 10 A Växjö +46 (0) (0) lennart.tyrberg@energikontorsydost@se Swedish electricity certificate system PROJECT: WIND ENERGY IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION 2 PROGRAM: SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM MADE BY: LENNART TYRBERG ENERGIKONTOR SYDOST AB FOR: SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM USERS DATE: MARS 2011 Introduction This is the summary of Swedish electricity certificate from the The electricity certificate system 2009 report from Swedish Energy Agency. 1 This report gives a brief description of the electricity certificate system in Sweden for the promotion of renewable energy production, its methodologies, market status and statistics from 2003 t Sweden is a country in which renewable energy plays a significant part in the national energy system. The proportion of renewable energy in Sweden is the highest of all countries in the EU. In 2002, Sweden produced 70,3 TWh of electricity from renewable energy sources, of which about 90 % were in the form of large scale hydro power. In order to increase the promotion of electricity production from renewable energy 1 The electricity certificate system 2009, Swedish energy agency, /a5d c8b48b2f4a5ba1b7a/et2009_40wnew.pdf THIS PROGRAM IS PART FINANCED BY THE SOUTH BALTIC PROGRAM AND THE EUROPEAN UNION.

2 sources, Sweden introduced its electricity certificate scheme in May Keeping an enthusiastic approach, in June 2009, Swedish parliament raised the target of the electricity certificate system to 25 TWh in 2020 relative to the production level in Electricity Certificate The electricity certificate is a market based system supporting the expansion of renewable electricity production. The aim is to promote the most cost-effective production of renewable electricity. The electricity certificate system has a target that defines how much new renewable electricity production must be developed by a certain date. The target is then broken down to the annual growth rate necessary to attain the target. Energy source for eligibility Electricity from the following energy sources entitles its producers to certificates: Wind Solar Geothermal Wave energy Bio fuels, as defined in the ordinance (2003:120) concerning electricity certificate Peat when burnt in CHP plants Hydro power i.e. < 1500kW Methodology All electricity producers whose electricity production meets the requirements in the Electricity Certificates Act receive one electricity certificate unit for each megawatthour (MWh) of electricity that they produce. Demand for certificates is created by the fact that all electricity suppliers, and also certain electricity users, are required to purchase certificates corresponding to a certain proportion (quota) of their electricity sales or electricity use. The quantity of certificates to be purchased is adjusted from year to year in step with progressive changes of the quota proportion, thus generating an increasing demand for the certificates. In turn, this increases the incentive to produce more electricity from energy sources approved for production of certificateentitled electricity. By selling their certificates, producers of electricity from renewable energy sources receive additional revenue from their production of electricity. 2 WIND ENERGY IN THE BSR 2: THE CORPORATE DESIGN MANUAL

3 In this way, the system encourages the expansion of electricity production from renewable sources, and new technologies. 2 Figure 1: Electricity certificate system (Picture taken from electricity certificate system 2009) 2 The electricity certificate system 2009, Swedish energy agency, /a5d c8b48b2f4a5ba1b7a/et2009_40wnew.pdf 3 WIND ENERGY IN THE BSR 2: THE CORPORATE DESIGN MANUAL

4 Who does what The Swedish energy agency and Svenska kraftnät (Swedish national grid) share responsibility for the electricity certificate system, with the agency being the compliance authority and Svenska kraftnät being the accounting authority. Swedish energy agency is responsible of approval of plants for allocation of certificates, registration or deregistration of parties having quota obligations and checking of their annual returns declaring their amount of quota-liable electricity. They also provide advance decisions of whether approval will be granted for allocation of certificates and monitor the developments on the electricity certificate market. On the other hand Svenska Kraftnät issues electricity certificates based on metered values. They can also cancel the certificates on 1st April each year, in accordance with information in the returns received and checked by the Swedish Energy Agency. Lastly they publish regular information on the number of certificates, issued, traded and cancelled, and on their average price. Figure 2. Number of certificates issued and cancelled, together with accumulated surplus over the period Different levels of Quota obligation The structure of the quota means that demand is relatively price inelastic, due to the fact that parties having quota obligations have an incentive to purchase certificates up to a price that is 50 % higher than the average price for the year. This is because, for each certificate that they do not cancel, they are required to pay a quota obligation penalty fee of 150 % of the average price of certificates, calculated over a period of one year leading up to the date of cancellation. 4 WIND ENERGY IN THE BSR 2: THE CORPORATE DESIGN MANUAL

5 Trading in electricity certificate Electricity certificates exist only in electronic form, and cannot be converted to a paper format. Producers and those having quota obligations have accounts in Svenska Kraftnät s electronic register, Cesar. 3 Trading involves transfer of certificates from a seller s account to a purchaser s account in Cesar. Public and current prices of electricity certificates are published regularly by Svensk Kraftmäkling, SKM, on its website The web site also provides historical weekly and monthly average prices for electricity certificates. Electricity certificates are traded in the form of spot contracts, which involve immediate delivery of, and payment for, certificates, or as forward contracts, which means that a price is settled at the time of trading, but the certificates will be delivered and paid for at some point in the future. Trading on the electricity certificate market occurs directly between producers and those having quota obligations, and through contract purchases involving the services of a broker. Certificates are traded not only by electricity companies having their own trading departments, but also by industrial companies and district heating utilities and by smaller electricity suppliers and producers who trade only a few times per year. On a competitive market, the price of certificates is determined by the relationship between supply and demand. The parties on the market have a joint responsibility for participating in trading so that the price structure is to be regarded as reliable. Figure 3. Average transaction price of electricity certificates from May 2003 to April Svenska Kärnkraft s accounting system cesar, 5 WIND ENERGY IN THE BSR 2: THE CORPORATE DESIGN MANUAL

6 Renewable energy production Certificate-entitled electricity production has increased since the start of the certificate system. To date, certificates have been issued to producers of electricity from biofuels and peat, wind power, hydro power and solar electricity. Electricity production from renewable sources amounted to 14,2 TWh in 2008, which is 7,7 TWh more than corresponding production in Figure 4. Increase in renewable electricity production, for , by energy sources Since the certificate system started on 1st May 2003, a total of 640 new plants had been started up by the end of December 2008.These installations are now beginning to make a significant contribution to the production of renewable electricity in Sweden. During 2009, a record large expansion of renewable electricity was recorded within the electricity certificate system. Calculations show this expansion will provide an increase of 2.2 TWh of renewable energy per year, beginning in The electricity certificate system 2009, Swedish energy agency, /a5d c8b48b2f4a5ba1b7a/et2009_40wnew.pdf 6 WIND ENERGY IN THE BSR 2: THE CORPORATE DESIGN MANUAL