A MAC Protocol for ATM over Satellite
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1 A MAC Protocol for over Satellite Dr. H. Bischl, J. Bostic, Matteo Sabattini DLR Oberpfaffenhofen 1
2 Inhalt 4 Szenarium 4 Problemstellung und Anforderungen an das MAC Protokoll 4 Protokollarchitektur 4 MAC und Scheduling für das System 4 SDL-Realisierung und Implementierung in den Demonstrator 4 Schlussfolgerungen 2
3 Scenario Satellite with on-board processing (also WCAC (Wireless Connection Admission Control) Group terminal Single user terminal MAC: 4 Uplink: MF-TDMA 4 Downlink: Packet Stream Earth station Core Network 3
4 in Fixed and Radio Networks Fixed Network Wire Multiplexing/Buffering/Scheduler Outgoing link Only one terminal per switch port point-to-point Bandwidth constraint Radio () Network Feedback channel Air interface Uplink Access Control TDMA: slot scheduling Problems: More than one terminal per switch port! Uplink bandwidth constraint shared medium Receiver From other carrier From ISL Satellite ISL Downlink ISL TDMA: scheduling delay hard limitation CDMA: complexity, back-off power control 4
5 Anforderungen an das MAC-Protokoll 4 Effiziente Nutzung der verfügbaren Ressourcen im Uplink und im Downlink 4 Unterstützung der Dienstkategorien und Einhaltung der QoS-Garantien 4 Unterstützung der -Signalisierung 4 Möglichst wenig Overhead durch Signalisierung 4 Unterstützung auch einer größeren Anzahl an Terminals 4 Unterstützung der Adressierung der logischen -Switchports im Satelliten 5
6 Service Categories Service Category CBR CLR X Guarantees Delay Variance X Bandwidth PCR Typical Application Voice, Audio, Video, TV,... rt-vbr X X SCR VBR Video and Audio nrt-vbr X NO SCR Data Transport, Frame Relay ABR X NO MCR Data Transport, TCP/IP UBR NO NO NO Data Transport, TCP/IP UBR+ NO NO MCR Data Transport, TCP/IP GFR NO NO MCR Data Transport, TCP/IP PCR: Peak Cell Rate SCR: Sustained Cell Rate MCR: Minimum Cell Rate 6
7 Protocol Architecture Satellite Terminal Application Satellite Radio Resource and Mobility Management ILMI ILMI S-MIB M-UNI SNMP M-UNI SNMP S-AAL AAL-X AAL-5 S-AAL AAL-5 L M E Radio DLC Control Plane Radio PHY User Plane S-LLC S-MAC Management Plane L M E Radio DLC Control Plane Radio PHY User Plane S-LLC S-MAC Management Plane 7
8 Uplink MAC for CBR Services 4 Fixed assignment of resources according to PCR (min. inter-cell interval = 1/PCR) 4 Problem with TDMA: minimum inter-cell interval difficult to guarantee 1/PCR 2 1/PCR 1? 4 Solution: transmission of cells in bursts, traffic shaping to preserve inter-cell interval 1/PCR 1 1/PCR 2 8
9 How to Guarantee MCR in the Uplink? 4 Necessary for UBR+, GFR, and ABR 4 Algorithm similar to Weighted Round Robin (WRR) 4 Weight is set according to the Minimum Cell Rate Connection 1, MCR =2 Connection 2, MCR =2 Connection 3, MCR =3 Connection 4, MCR =1 Connection 5, MCR =1 Weighted Roundrobin ordering strategy Scheduler Request for one time slot Slots allocation Con 1Con 1 Con 1Con 2Con 3 Con 3Con 4Con 5 If there are still free time slots left: 4 Use free assignment for remaining slot requests 9
10 How to Guarantee SCR in the Uplink? 4 Necessary for VBR services 4 Token bucket process is active for each flow in satellite (scheduler) 4 The resources are allocated according to the tokens in bucket and resource requests Token rate SCR 4 The maximum number of allocated slots per frame is limited. 4 In the case that there are not enough resources WRR can be used with the weights of SCR Arriving slot requests Current bucket occupancy Departing slot requests Bucket size = B tokens 10
11 Uplink MAC for UBR Services 4 No cell rate guaranteed (best effort) 4 Dynamic allocation of resources (Bandwidth on Demand) Satellite (Scheduler) Satellite (Scheduler) Bandwidth reallocation Bandwidth request Bandwidth reallocation Terminal UBR buffer: TDMA frame UBR cell Allocated resource for UBR service 11
12 Concept of the Developed MAC-Protocol 4 Uplink h MF-TDMA with 24 ms frame duration (48 Byte Payload 16 kbit/s) h Terminals transmit cells in bursts h Variable burst length 4 Downlink h -cells and MAC-signaling are broadcast in a continuous bitstream Uplink Downlink BTP Resource request 24 ms BTP Bursts of users Scheduler resource allocation is broadcast in a burst time plan (BTP) every 24 ms BTP Frame, 24 ms Bursts of users BTP 12
13 Uplink MAC Structure TDMA Frame Reservation area Contention area User 1 User 2 User 3 Movable boundary Movable boundary CBR assigned slots BoDslots Mini-slot (control slot), used for DLC layer signalling Guard time Random access slots, for initial access and out-of-band signaling Slot length = multiple of mini-slot, guard time 13
14 Features of the DLC Layer Protocol Implemented in the Demonstrator (Complete SDL-Specification) 4 TDMA Frame Synchronisation 4 Authentisation and Registration 4 Connection Setup and Release (incoming and outgoing calls) 4 More than one connection per terminal is possible 4 Uplink data rates: up to 2 Mbit/s, downlink up to 30 Mbit/s (in steps of 16 kbit/s) 4 Dynamic DLC channel allocation for transmission of signaling cells 4 Support of CBR, UBR and UBR+ service categories 4 Addressing of logical switch ports of the modified switch in the satellite 14
15 Model of DLC Layer Realized in the Demonstrator (Uplink) UNI (LME) UNI (LME) DLC Control CBR VPI/VCI? UBR+ DLC Control, Scheduler TID CTRL TID TID T-DLC PHY Queues Server UBR Sig Cells CTRL S-DLC X 15
16 Model of DLC Layer Realized in the Demonstrator (Downlink) UNI (LME) UNI (LME) DLC Control DLC Control, Scheduler T-DLC PHY BTP CTRL BTP X Yes TID? or BTP?... No BTP S-DLC TID TID CTRL TID CTRL Pr. 1 Pr. 3 every 24 ms TID Pr. 2 Dummy Bits Pr. 4 TID CTRL... TID TID... TID... BTP 16
17 Demonstrator (MAC) OC3 Ethernet OC3 Ethernet OC3 Ethernet Terminal 1 DLC PC (MAC, LLC) Terminal 2 DLC PC (MAC, LLC) Terminal 3 DLC PC (MAC, LLC) Uplink, Downlink PC Wireless Link- Emulation: Packet Errors, Collisions, Delay, Broadcasting full-duplex Ethernet Monitor, Control PC Uplink bit rate: 2 Mbit/s Downlink bit rate: up to 32 Mbit/s Satellite DLC PC (Scheduler) Load Generator OC3 Ethernet Fixed network Switch Controller Signalling Workstation OC3 17
18 Schlussfolgerungen 4 Das MAC Protokoll für das System berücksichtigt die verschiedenen Dienstkategorien 4 Der zentrale Scheduling-Algorithmus im Satelliten garantiert QoS 4 Das MAC Protokoll nutzt effizient die zur Verfügung stehende Bandbreite durch die dynamische Allokierung der Ressourcen (Bandwidth on Demand) 4 Das MAC-Protokoll wurde in SDL spezifiziert und in einem Demonstrator implementiert 18
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