Design of a Hollywood Casino and Attached Hotel at Miami Street, Toledo, OH

Transcription

1 The University of Toledo Department of Civil Engineering Senior Design Project Fall 2010 Design of a Hollywood Casino and Attached Hotel at Miami Street, Toledo, OH Submitted by: Kyle Bertke Andrew Kulikowski Joe Myers Matt Ogorzaly Josh Quinlan Colin Serne Cory Williams Kyle Zellmer Advisor: Dr. Jiwan Gupta

2 Disclaimer This report and all calculations herein are the work of students and do not reflect the views of the University of Toledo or Penn National Gaming. Any recommendations, calculations, or drawings in this report should not be used without the consultation of a licensed professional engineer. i

3 Executive Summary The scope of the project is to design a Hollywood Casino and attached Hotel for the Toledo, Ohio location near downtown Toledo for a client. Penn National Gaming was licensed to build and operate a Hollywood Casino at this location; however an attached hotel will not be constructed. The first step of the project was to research a similar casino in a similar geographic region with a similar economy. Once the functions of the casino were determined, the space allocation of the square footage of the different functions could be distributed. The loadings for dead and live loads were determined along with wind loadings to apply to the structure depending on the geographical location of the building. Chevron bracing was determined to be the optimum moment bracing for the structure and then the design could be performed. At first attempt, the overall layout was drafted into CAD and SAP in order to determine the column, beam, girder, and joist sizes. The SAP model was deemed to be too erroneous to be properly designed and the structure was then designed by hand and spreadsheet calculations to size the structural members. Due to time constraints and other limitations, the member sizes could not be determined. A CAD layout of the final design was created to visualize the design. The final design element was to incorporate green aspects into the design to make the structure sustainable. A preliminary cost analysis was also performed in order to get an idea of the price of the designed structure. ii

4 Table of Contents Disclaimer... i Executive Summary... ii Table of Contents... iii List of Tables... v List of Figures... vi 1.0 Introduction Study Area Existing Conditions Research Similar Casino Aspects Proposed Solutions Original Design First Casino Floor Plan Revision Final Casino Floor Layout Initial Hotel Layout Final Hotel Layout Optimum Solution Design of Optimum Solution Dead and Live Loads Wind Loading Casino Design Hotel Design SAP Model CAD Model Green Aspects Cost Estimate Recommendations and Conclusions Appendix Appendix A: CAD Layouts Front Isometric 3D Layout... Error! Bookmark not defined Back Isometric 3D Layout... Error! Bookmark not defined. iii

5 10.2 Appendix B: Wind Loading Calculations Appendix C: Works Cited iv

6 List of Tables Table 1: Casino Floor Square Footages Table 2: Roof Dead Loads Table 3: Slab Live Loads Table 4: Roof Live Loads v

7 List of Figures Figure 1: Site Map Figure 2: Site Restrictions Map Figure 3: Original Sketch Figure 4: First Casino Floor Revision Figure 5: Final Casino Floor Layout Figure 6: Initial Hotel and Casino Layout Figure 7: Initial Hotel Layout Figure 8: Final Hotel Layout Figure 9: Casino and Hotel vi

8 1.0 Introduction Issue 3 was approved by Ohio voters to legalize gambling in Ohio at four locations in Cleveland, Cincinnati, Columbus, and Toledo. The voters passing this amendment proved that the cons did not outweigh the positive impact of casinos in Ohio. With this amendment Penn National Gaming was licensed to build and operate two of the four casinos. The Toledo location is one of the two location that Penn National is licensed to build and operate. The Toledo site is located specifically on Miami Street near downtown Toledo adjacent to Interstate 75, the Maumee River, and Miami Street. The next step and the scope of this project are to design a Hollywood casino and attached hotel at this location. 2.0 Study Area The site location was chosen prior to Issue 3 and was approved by voters for the specific location on Miami Street. This location is on the south side of the Maumee River near Interstate 75 adjacent to Exit 199. The land parcel is actually split into two parcels by Interstate 75, with 7.5 acres east of the highway and 35.5 acres west of the highway. The total parcel area is 43 acres. The shape of the parcel is very unique, as seen in Figure 1, but the length of the riverfront is 2,215 feet and the length between the Maumee River and Miami Street is roughly on average 615 feet. The parcel is bounded on the north and south by the Maumee River and Miami Street respectively. The east and west property lines are owned respectively by Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pilkington North America. The east property line runs perpendicular to the Maumee River along a retention pond previously used as waste sand ponds for glass making operations. Pilkington North America operates a manufacturing facility located west of the parcel. 1

9 2.0-1 Figure 1: Site Map To alleviate spatial problems the Hollywood casino and attached hotel will be located on the 35.5 acre parcel, while the 7.5 acre parcel will not include a structure. The larger parcel also allows for casino and hotel guests to view the large river front view of the parcel. 3.0 Existing Conditions The existing conditions of the site include several issues. The soil conditions have been a concern to many developers that have considered the parcel. Also, the City of Toledo has invested over one million dollars to improve the site and make it more desirable for developers. 2

10 The City of Toledo constructed a road through the middle of the parcel and also updated the utilities to the site. The road through the parcel will need to be demolished for construction of the Hollywood casino however the utility updates may ease construction of the casino and hotel. The soil conditions of the site are the greatest concern for design due to the nature of the previous use of the land. The glass factory that was similar to the factory prior to the development can be seen in Figure 2. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was awarded a grant in February 2009 to clean up the site. After the cleanup, a brownish red substance was discovered leaking into the Maumee River. The EPA tested the substance and concluded that this was not an issue. The EPA actually released a statement that development of the parcel with concrete and asphalt in the correct manner will help alleviate the leakage Figure 2: Site Restrictions Map 1 Toledo Blade 3

11 4.0 Research In order to properly design for functional special requirements, tours of similar casinos were taken. The City of Detroit, Michigan has three casinos that are all of similar size to the proposed casino in Toledo, Ohio. The three casinos include: MGM Grand Detroit, MotorCity Casino, and Greektown Casino. MGM Grand and MotorCity are very similar casinos to the project scope that include an attached hotel that was constructed from the ground up. Greektown has a similar attached hotel however; the casino is located inside a renovated historic building. There were aspects of both MotorCity and MGM Detroit that were taken into consideration for the Hollywood Toledo design. 4.1 Similar Casino Aspects There were many aspects of the casinos that were taken into consideration for implementing into the Hollywood casino. The layouts of the casino floor at both locations are set up in a circular manner and can be confusing at times, but this was possibly a design element to keep guests on the casino floor. Another element of the casinos that was noticed was the placement of columns and structural elements of the building. The columns at these location were not hidden per say, they located consistently throughout the casino floor. However, the guest s attention was not focused on the columns and most were not noticed due to strategic layout. Many columns were hidden behind slot machines that wrapped the columns pulling the attention of the guest to the slot machines and not that a structural column was in the middle of walkway or elsewhere. The ceiling height of MGM Detroit and MotorCity were very different. MGM had a very high ceiling that gave guests a more open feel, even though there is not much space on the casino floor, and also allowed for better ventilation. On the other hand, MotorCity had very low ceilings and felt claustrophobic at times. 4

12 The dining areas of both casinos were also very different. MGM only has restaurants and buffets that are only located off the casino floor. This poses a problem for hotel guests that are not 21 years old that would like eat. These guests would not be able to eat due to the restaurants only being off the casino floor. MotorCity has a dining area that is completely separate from the hotel and the casino floor. This allows for everyone to be able to eat, but forces casino guests to have to go through security upon re-entering the casino. 5.0 Proposed Solutions Throughout the beginning stages of the design, the overall design changed many times. The first sketch was drawn up after visiting the two similar style casinos in Detroit Michigan. 5.1 Original Design The original sketch, as seen in Figure 3: Original Sketch below included the main valet entrance and hotel facing the Maumee River. This aspect allowed as many hotel rooms to face the riverfront as possible for aesthetic appeal of the river. The opposite side of the hotel also utilized another valet entrance for casino guests immediately parallel to Miami Street. The parking structure was located on the west side of the casino to allow for quick parking upon entrance of the property. The sketch of the inside of the casino showed some of the different functions of the casino. The largest area of the casino is obviously the casino floor, which included a table and slots area. The total square footage also featured areas including: restaurants, bars/clubs, lounges, offices, receiving bays, and a guest services area. The restaurants were included both inside the casino floor and off the main lobby to allow for hotel guests under gambling age to dine at restaurants. The bars/clubs were located on or in the casino floor due to most bars and club guests are of gambling age. The middle of the casino floor featured a round bar/restaurant that would serve as the focal element of the casino floor. The circular layout was continued from the bar and was incorporated 5

13 into the circular areas for the table games and slot machines. The original office design was only one small corner of the building, near the receiving bays where the casino and hotel would receive all of their needed delivers from. The guest services area was located in the main valet lobby area and would be utilized as the hotel service desk as well as the casino guest services. The lobby area also featured the elevators to the attached hotel above Figure 3: Original Sketch 6

14 5.2 First Casino Floor Plan Revision The first revision, as seen in Figure 4: First Casino Floor Revision, to the overall floor plan included the most changes for the overall layout. The biggest changes included the location of the structure on the property and the increase of functions to the casino. The location of the hotel and main valet facing the Maumee River could not be accomplished with the size of the parcel. For the necessary roadways that needed to be fit in the area between Miami Street and the Maumee River, the building structure was required to be rotated 90 degrees. The new location features the Hollywood casino and hotel facing Interstate 75. This design was not ideal, but was required for parcel size. This design also allowed for varying room suites. The fewer rooms that still face the Maumee River would be suite and penthouse style rooms and the rooms that face the Interstate and surrounding properties would be less expensive. This room designation allows for guests with varying economic incomes to still enjoy and appreciate the Hollywood casino. The rotation did not change the interior space allocations from the original design except for the increase in functions added on the first revision. These functions included: a banquet area, auditorium, VIP and high roller gaming area, a poker room, a mechanical room, and a gift shop. The banquet area and auditorium have a multiple function area. The two areas can be divided as seen in Figure 4 or the partition wall can be taken down to double the size of the rooms. This allows for a large convention to take place at the Hollywood Casino and Hotel or with the partition systems in place multiple conventions, concerts, or shows can take place. 7

15 5.2-1 Figure 4: First Casino Floor Revision The need for a VIP, or very important person, and high roller gaming area was also needed for the casino. This area allows for guests that want the apex treatment. Casino hosts can treat their guests with all the amenities in this area as it is secluded from the rest of the casino floor and blocked off from the hotel and banquet area. An area of the VIP room is also designated as a Poker room. The poker room is where poker tournaments can take place within the casino. This room can be utilized for an in house poker tournament or for exhibition tournaments for the World Poker Tour. A mechanical room to house all the mechanical equipment is essential to the design of any building. The original sketch did not include a location for this equipment. 8

16 This room was allotted space near the receiving bays in order to keep the noisy equipment away from the main building and allow easy access for maintenance. The last addition of the revision was the gift shop. The gift shop allows an area for hotel and casino guests to purchase casino and/or Toledo memorabilia. 5.3 Final Casino Floor Layout There were only a few changes to the casino floor plan for the final layout. The mechanical room was relocated, the addition of an electrical room, a locker room and the addition of a security area with a vault. This final layout and corresponding square footages can be seen in Figure 5: Final Casino Floor Layout and Table 1: Casino Floor Square Footages, respectively Figure 5: Final Casino Floor Layout 9

17 5.3-1 Table 1: Casino Floor Square Footages Item Area (SF) Casino Floor 82,000 VIP Gaming & Hosting 8,520 Area Poker Room 2,840 Restaurants / Bars / 40,600 Entertainment Auditorium & Banquet Area 15,700 (Partition Wall) Casino Operations 21,500 Shipping & Receiving 11,475 Employee Locker Room 2,335 Mechanical 1,500 Security 8,611 Gift Shop 3,133 The relocation of the mechanical room served two purposes. The main purpose was to reallocate the room within the loading docks area to accommodate an electrical room. This also served to move the mechanical room farther away from any of the casino operations to ensure a quiet mechanical equipment casino area. The mechanical and electrical rooms were both kept in the loading dock area for operations and maintenance. The locker room was essential for workers to have an area for breaks and to keep their work clothes if needed. This area all would have employee bathrooms and any other needs for the employees separate from the casino and hotel guests. Vault and security areas were overlooked in the first revision but a security area is very important for a casino. The casino floor is monitored at all times for anyone trying to cheat or illegally gamble. The security area needed to be located close to the casino floor for the closed circuit television. Another main function of the security area is to house the vault. A vault is required at any casino for the high flow of cash that a casino goes through on any given day. 10

18 5.4 Initial Hotel Layout The initial layout of the hotel was a simple rectangle above the main valet and lobby. However, the unique nature of a casino and prestige of casino construction, the simple design was changed from the beginning. The subsequent layout leads to the design which angles back on both sides. This design allows for more rooms to face the Maumee River. The initial layout of the hotel overlaid with the casino underneath can be seen in Figure 6: Initial Hotel and Casino Layout, while Figure 7: Initial Hotel Layout shows an expanded view of the hotel. The overall hotel size was determined by previous senior design groups in the spring of Their hotel design called for a 250 room hotel based on the size and capacity of the casino. The 250 rooms also considered the average guests from the population area surrounding the casino location. The hotel layout features eight floors, and the second floor will be utilized for casino operation offices. The operations floor will be slightly concealed by the height of the casino. The roof of the casino will be the same elevation as the second floor ceiling height of the hotel. Therefore, the hotel will only extend seven floors above the casino roof. The hotel rooms will also only be located on these seven floors. The original design included 36 rooms per floor, resulting in 252 total hotel rooms. 11

19 5.4-1 Figure 6: Initial Hotel and Casino Layout The shape of the hotel allowed for more rooms to face the Maumee River and the room on the north side to be a penthouse style room for VIP guests. The rooms overlooking the casino roof and facing the existing glass factory would serve as less expensive rooms, while the rooms that overlook the main valet entrance will be mediocre in price. 12

20 5.4-2 Figure 7: Initial Hotel Layout 13

21 5.5 Final Hotel Layout The final hotel layout changed in the size and shape. The shape was the most important change for structural design. The column locations on the casino floor in the banquet areas were not located where the hotel columns were needed. The solution for the final layout was to add another section to the hotel that aligned with more columns below to ensure structural stability of the eight floor hotel. The final hotel layout can be seen in Figure 8: Final Hotel Layout Figure 8: Final Hotel Layout 14

22 As seen in Figure 8: Final Hotel Layout, the addition of the rooms on the north side of the hotel can be seen. The addition also allowed space for more rooms on each floor. The addition resulted in a total of 277 rooms. The top seven floors had 36 rooms per floor, and then the second floor of the hotel was changed from hotel and casino operations offices to half of the floor being offices and also including 25 rooms that face the front of the building. The office placement on the back side of the hotel was dual purpose. The main purpose was for security. The office placement would allow the offices to overlook the casino floor instead of hotel guests that could possibly use the room placement to their advantage on the gaming floor. The room placement also allowed guests a view of the main valet entrance, the Maumee River to the north, and the Interstate in the distance as opposed to a room with no windows. 6.0 Optimum Solution The final design of the hotel and layout was chosen from the alterations made through the process of design. The final design of the Hollywood Casino and attached Hotel can be seen in Figure 9: Casino and Hotel. Figure 9: Casino and Hotel shows the isometric view of the structure. The dimensions of the structure are 450 feet wide, 475 feet long, and the height varies. The height of the casino is 40 feet, while the height of the hotel is 124 feet. The 475 foot long side of the building runs parallel to the Maumee River and perpendicular to Interstate 75. The orientation of the structure also allows for proper egress of vehicles and space allotment on the parcel. The final design of the Hollywood Casino and attached Hotel still serves the benefits of the public and the client. The public has visibility of the hotel and casino from the heavily traveled Interstate 75 that the client will appreciate and the public will enjoy the developed parcel. The design of the attached hotel does not help the local economy currently. Penn National Gaming has decided to not incorporate an attached hotel to hopefully boost the local economy. However, the scope of this project was to include an attached hotel. After the casino is open, it will help the local and state economy 15

23 tremendously. The casino will create thousands of jobs in an area that has a high unemployment rate and pay taxes to the state, county, and city Figure 9: Casino and Hotel 7.0 Design of Optimum Solution The first step of the design phase was to determine the dead and live loads that the structure will have to uphold. After the live and dead loads were calculated, the wind load needed to be calculated due to the large surface area of exterior walls of the casino and multi story hotel. Once the loadings were calculated the member design for the joists, girders, columns, slab, base plates, piles, and wall footings could be determined for the casino. Due to constraints beyond our control, the attached hotel members were not calculated, but would be determined in a similar manner. 16

24 7.1 Dead and Live Loads The dead and live loadings for the casino and hotel were determined with the aid of the American Society of Civil Engineers Standard 7: Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and other Structures. Table 2: Roof Dead Loads displays the different items needed for the dead load of the roof and the corresponding load given by the ASCE Standard. The ASCE Standard also has design loads for slab live loads, these values for the casino and hotel are shown in Table 3: Slab Live Loads Table 2: Roof Dead Loads Roof Dead Loads Taken from ASCE 7-02 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures Item Load (PSF) Metal Decking, 18 gage 3 Waterproofing Membrane 5.5 Bituminous, Gravel Covered Insulation, Roof Board 1.5 Fiberboard (1 Thick) Mechanical Allowance 4 Electrical Allowance 3 Suspended Metal Lath 10 Gypsum Plaster Joists Varies Total: 27 17

25 7.1-2 Table 3: Slab Live Loads Slab Live Loads Item Load (PSF) Casino Floor 100 Hallways Restaurants Hotel Lobby 100 Hallways Casino & Hotel 50 Offices Hotel Rooms & 40 Hallways Will Use: 100 In order to properly design the members a roof live load also needed to be calculated. The roof live load which for structures in this area is 20 psf can be seen in Table 4: Roof Live Loads. The roof live load used for member calculation is the greater of the roof live load or the snow load. The calculation of the snow load displayed can be viewed in Appendix B: Design Calculations. For the member design, the snow load will control at 22 psf as seen in Table Table 4: Roof Live Loads Roof Live Loads Item Load (PSF) Roof Live Load 20 **Snow Load** 22 Will Use: Wind Loading The wind loading was calculated for every side of the building. An Excel spreadsheet was utilized in this calculation. The first analysis of the structure was calculated before the building was separated. For this analysis the dimensions used in 18

26 the spreadsheet were 450 feet by 475 feet and 45 feet high. The wind loading calculation also needs factors for the wind speed, building classification, exposure category, and whether or not the structure is enclosed. The wind speed was determined by the area the structure will be located. For the Ohio region the average design wind speed is 90 mph. The building classification is determined by the importance of the structure. The ASCE manual does not include a casino in the classification lists, however due to similar buildings in Classification III, this classification was utilized for the wind calculation. The exposure category that fit the casino property best was Category C, which includes shorelines like that of the Maumee River. The structure of the building is completely enclosed to serve the casino atmosphere of having few entrances and exits and no windows to the exterior. The final design for the wind loadings utilized the building being split into two structures: the casino and the hotel. The same wind speed, building classification, exposure category and enclosed structure remained the same. The only item that changed was the dimension of the structures and that the analysis was performed twice for the different size structures. The parameters used and the spreadsheets can be seen in Appendix B: Wind Loading Calculations. After the loadings were determined, the design of the wind bracing could be performed. The first design utilized was X bracing. X bracing runs diagonally in two bays on each wall to counteract the horizontal force applied to the structure by wind. Bracing the structure with this method would result in very large members needed. Other alternatives to X bracing included: moment resistant or chevron bracing. The moment resistant method was determined too expensive to consider due to the contractor cost. Chevron bracing was ultimately utilized for the structure due to lower costs and the exterior façade of most casinos being precast panels or masonry walls which chevron bracing are commonly used. Chevron bracing allowed the members to be shorter lengths and still counteracted the horizontal wind loads. The Chevron wind bracing in the bays can be seen in Figure 10: Chevron Bay Bracing. An exploded view of the bays with the sized members can be 19

27 seen in Figure 11: Chevron Bracing Members Figure 10: Chevron Bay Bracing Figure 11: Chevron Bracing Members 20

28 7.3 Casino Design The design of the Casino structure included: steel joists, girders, columns, slab, base plates, piles, and precast wall footing. The structure to withhold the design loads for this building will be used to design the structural members. There were many different approaches that were used in the design of these members. Hand calculations, material references, and spreadsheet were some of the methods used to design the structural members. The joists and the joist layout were the first members to be sized. Vulcraft provided member characteristics for steel members that they manufacture. Their catalogs were used to size the joists for the adequate tributary area and loads applied to the structure. The final joist and joist girder sizes is shown in Table 5: Joist and Joist Girder Types. The calculations and final layout can be viewed in Appendix C Table 5: Joist and Joist Girder Types Joist Types Joist Girder Types Size Weight Span Size Weight Span 28LH6 13 PLF G5N14K 39 PLF LH11 22 PLF 56 60GN35K 90 PLF K7 9.1 PLF G5N50K 116 PLF LH9 18 PLF 56 60G5N25K 64 PLF K6 8.5 PLF G5N10K 28 PLF 40 44LH9 15 PLF 56 40G5N16K 42 PLF 40 40G5N25K 64 PLF 40 36G5N6K 17 PLF G5N10K 28 PLF G5N16K 39 PLF G5N20K 50 PLF

29 The column and girder design were performed with spreadsheets to check the necessary control parameters required by the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC). The spreadsheets for the design calculations can be seen in Appendix D, while the column and girder design can be seen respectively in Tables 6 and Table 6: Column Design Column Design Shape QTY W10X49 30 W10X54 5 W10X68 37 W12X58 8 W12X Table 7: Girder Design Girder Design Shape QTY Span W27X W21X W18X W21X W24X W30X The slab design, base plates for the columns, pile caps, and strip footing foundations were calculated by hand. The slab was designed for 100 psf live load according to the ASCE Manual. The slab was designed as an eight inch reinforced concrete slab. The slab would feature steel fiber reinforcement with control joints and construction joints. The control joints would be spaced every 25 feet for cracking control and construction joints would be spaced every 125 feet for expansion and contraction of the slab. The design of the base plates, pile caps, and footings can be seen in Appendix E. 22

30 7.4 Hotel Design The design of the hotel was limited due to various constraints. The largest constraint for the multi story hotel was time for the project. The hotel needed accurate wind loading for the unique style of the structure and seismic loading, even though the seismic loading is small, to properly design for the structural members. An in depth analysis was not conducted; however the floor layout and rooms were completed as well as choosing a moment resistant frame. The floor layout was completed to feature various rooms for varying economic incomes and the number of rooms was determined to serve the need for guests. 7.5 SAP Model The original design of the casino and hotel for the structural members was going to be performed using a computer aided design (CAD) and structural analysis program (SAP). The original SAP model can be seen in Figure 12. The original model was too large to be evaluated and was then split into two structures as seen in Figure 13 and 14. The loads were applied to these structures and it was determined that the analysis was erroneous. Due to the errors associated with the model the calculations were performed by hand and spreadsheet calculations. 23

31 7.5-1 Figure 12: Original SAP Layout Figure 13: Casino SAP Layout 24

32 7.5-3 Figure 14: Hotel SAP Layout 25

33 7.6 CAD Model The final casino floor layout and hotel were drafted into CAD. An isometric CAD model can be viewed in Figure 15: CAD 3D Layout, while alternate views of can be viewed in Appendix A: CAD Layouts Figure 15: Final 3D Layout 7.7 Green Aspects The final design feature of the structure included two green aspects: low flow restrooms and hotel key card switches. Green aspects are very important to the design of many buildings to be more sustainable. The sustainable features that will be utilized will lower the utilities of the casino and hotel and also reduce the overall carbon footprint of the Hollywood Casino and Hotel. 26

34 Low flow restrooms and bathroom will drastically reduce the water consumption of the restrooms. Table 8 shows typical water usage for guest use with normal toilets and low flow. The use of the low flow toilets will save more than half of the water consumed annually Table 8: Typical and Low Flow Restroom Typical Restroom Fixture Type Daily Uses Water Closet (Male) Water Closet (Female) Flowrate Occupants Sewage Generation (GPF) (peak) (gal) , ,190 Urinal ,110 Total Daily Volume (gal) 17,276 Annual Open Days 360 Total Annual Volume (gal) 6,219,360 Low Flow Restroom Fixture Type Water Closet (Male) Water Closet (Female) Daily Uses Flowrate Occupants Sewage Generation (GPF) (peak) (gal) , ,318 Urinal Total Daily Volume (gal) 9,739 Annual Open Days 360 Total Annual Volume (gal) 3,506,040 Hotel key card switches are a newer technology that is starting to be implemented. The key card switches save energy by disabling power to the hotel rooms when the rooms are vacant. To turn the lights on in the room, the guest simply slides the hotel room key into a slot near the entrance of the room and the power is activated. 27

35 When the key card is removed from the switch the electricity is not instantly turned off, there is a delay in the switch to keep the power on for a predetermined amount of time. 8.0 Cost Estimate A cost estimate is very important for all parties involved in the design and construction of the project. The owner wants to know what they are getting for the money they are paying, the designer wants to keep the price low while giving the owner everything wanted and the general contractors want to be able to make a profit. A preliminary cost estimate was calculated with the size and quantity of members designed. The spreadsheets including price, quantity, and size of each member can be seen in Appendix F. The total estimated cost was calculated to be $7,911, Recommendations and Conclusions The design of a Hollywood Casino and attached Hotel includes many aspects that many may not think about at first glance. There are many details that need to be determined in order to make all the parties involved in the design and construction of the project. Hand and spreadsheet calculations are accurate but only with the factors that were considered. In order for the design of this project to be constructed a more in depth analysis would need to be performed. A structural analysis program should be constructed properly to evaluate all the members for dead and live loads, wind loadings, seismic loadings, and any other loadings that the ASCE Manual requires. 28

36 10.0 Appendix 29

37 10.1 Appendix A: CAD Layouts Front Entrance North East Isometric 30

38 North West Isometric South West Isometric 31

39 Front Entrance North East Interior Entrance to Casino 32

40 10.2 Appendix B: Wind Loading Calculations 33

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50 10.3 Appendix C: Joist and Joist Girder 43

51 10.4 Appendix D: Column and Girder 44

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54 10.5 Appendix E: Base Plates, Pile Caps, and Footings 47

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64 10.6 Appendix F: Cost Estimate Columns Shape Totals Length FT #/ft $/# Unit Cost Cost W10x $ 67, W10x $ 12, W10x $115, W12x $ 21, W12x $ 11, total $229,080 Girders Shape Totals Length FT #/ft $/# Unit Cost Cost $ W27X , W27X $ 24, W21X $ 20, W18X $ 2, W21X $ 3, W24X $ 23, W30X $ 6, W30X $ 31, total $117,628 57

65 Joist Shape Totals Length #/ft $/# Unit Cost Cost 26K $ 14, K $ 1, K $ LH $ 2, K $ LH $ 1, LH $ 17, LH $141, LH $ 12, K $ 1, W14X $ 16, total $209,352 Concrete base width depth $/CY Cost pad $523,333 grade beam $63,495 pile cap $50,400 total $637,228 Rebar # of bars length #/ft $/# cost pile cap $3,175 grade beam $3,213 temp $6,426 total $12,814 Pile depth # per column column #/ft $/# total $2,169,720 58

66 Metal Decking width length # of deck $/ linear foot total $70,425 Precast Concrete wall wall ft $/LF total exterior $107,100 interior $147, Appendix G: Works Cited 59