ARCL Understanding Complex Societies: Egypt and Mesopotamia in the third millennium BC

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1 UCL - INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY ARCL 3075 Understanding Complex Societies: Egypt and Mesopotamia in the third millennium BC 2014/2015 Year 2/3 Option for BA Archaeology & Anthropology, Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, Archaeology & Ancient History. 0.5 unit Alabaster statuette from Uruk, southern Iraq Step Pyramid complex at Saqqara, northern Egypt Co-ordinator: Professor David Wengrow d.wengrow@ucl.ac.uk Room 601. Tel: TURNITIN ID: PASSWORD: IoA1415

2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This option is designed to complement a wide range of undergraduate programmes, including: Archaeology & Anthropology, Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, and Archaeology & Ancient History. It provides a detailed understanding of the nature of early complex societies through sustained comparison of the world s two earliest examples, based respectively in Egypt and Mesopotamia. Through weekly lectures, and accompanying discussions, students will develop an awareness of the fundamental anthropological issues raised by the parallel emergence of complex society in these two regions, as well as an appreciation of the value of comparative studies for archaeological interpretation. COURSE INFORMATION This handbook contains the basic information about the content and administration of the course. Additional subject-specific reading lists and individual session handouts will be given out at appropriate points in the course. If students have queries about the objectives, structure, content, assessment or organisation of the course, they should consult the Course Co-ordinator. As preparation for the course it is recommended that students read: D. Wengrow (2010) What Makes Civilization: the Ancient Near East and the Future of the West (Oxford: Oxford University Press) INST ARCH DBA 100 WEN, ISSUE DESK IOA WEN 8 TEACHING METHODS The course is taught through two-hour classes. For the first six weeks (Sessions 1-6) classes will involve a combination of lectures and discussion, lead by the Course Coordinator. Students are expected to have read at least two pieces from the reading lists in preparation for each week. Recommended readings are highlighted with a (*). Sessions 7 and 8 focus upon art and imagery and will be based around the analysis and discussion of twelve objects (six Egyptian, six Mesopotamian) selected by the Course Coordinator from the collections of the British Museum. Students, working in pairs, will be assigned a particular object in advance and will be given a reading linked to the object. In class, each pair will give a short presentation (10 minutes) to the group on the object in question and its wider archaeological significance, followed by 10 minutes of questions and comments from other students and the course coordinator. Written guidance will be given in advance on the content of presentations, and visual aids will be supplied. These presentations will not be formally assessed; they are intended to provide students with experience in the presentation and description of archaeological and art historical material. The last two sessions (9-10), on the archaeology of written documents, will be taught by invited experts from the British Museum. PREREQUISITES The course is suitable for both second and third year students, who will preferably but not necessarily have some elementary background knowledge of Egyptian and/or Mesopotamian archaeology (e.g. through attending Year 1 courses such as Past Societies and Introduction to Egyptian Archaeology ). WORKLOAD There will be 20 hours of lectures, including presentation and discussion sessions, for this course. Students will be expected to undertake around 80 hours of reading for the course,

3 plus 40 hours preparing for and producing the assessed work. This adds up to a total workload of some 140 hours for the course. METHODS OF ASSESSMENT This course is assessed by means of two pieces of written course-work, each of about 2500 words, which each contribute 50% to the final grade for the course. If students are unclear about the nature of an assignment, they should discuss this with the Course Co-ordinator. The nature of the assignment and possible approaches to it will be discussed in class, in advance of the submission deadline. A list of coursework titles and submissions deadlines is provided at the end of this handbook. CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT The criteria for assessment used in this course are those agreed by the Board of Examiners in Archaeology, and are included in the Undergraduate Handbook (available on the Institute web-site: Criteria for assessment and the grading system are also printed on all coursework coversheets. All coursework is marked by two internal examiners and can be re-assessed by the External Examiner. Therefore, the mark given by the initial examiner (prior to return) is a provisional assessment for guidance only, and may be modified after consultation with the second internal examiner, or by the External Examiner. CITING OF SOURCES Coursework should be expressed in a student s own words giving the exact source of any ideas, information, diagrams etc. that are taken from the work of others. Any direct quotations from the work of others must be indicated as such by being placed between inverted commas. Plagiarism is regarded as a very serious irregularity which can carry very heavy penalties. It is your responsibility to read and abide by the requirements for presentation, referencing and avoidance of plagiarism to be found in the IoA Coursework Guidelines at SUBMISSION OF COURSEWORK The coursework must be stapled to a completed coversheet (available from outside Room 411A or at Reception) and submitted to the course co-ordinator s pigeon hole via the Red Essay Box at Reception by the appropriate deadline. Late submission will be penalized unless permission has been granted and an Extension Request Form (ERF) completed. Please see the IoA Coursework Guidelines for full details SUBMISSION OF COURSEWORK TO TURNITIN In addition to submitting your coursework as described above, it is now a requirement that you submit it electronically to the Turnitin system. You will be provided with the necessary code for submitting your work for this course.

4 Students who fail to submit their coursework to Turnitin will not receive the mark for the work in question until they have done so (although they will receive written feedback in the usual way). The maximum mark for work that has not been submitted to Turnitin prior to the meeting of the Board of Examiners will be a bare pass. In advance of submitting your coursework for marking you may, if you wish, run your work through the system in order to obtain a report on the originality of the wording and then make any necessary adjustments prior to final submission. Turnitin advisors will be available to help you at specified times if you need help generating or interpreting the reports. It is important to recognise that the final decision about whether work contains plagiarism rests with academic staff. Consequently, the presence or absence of matches in a Turnitin report does not, by itself, provide a guarantee that the work in question either contains or is free from plagiarism. Detailed instructions on the use of the system will be supplied separately. KEEPING COPIES Please note that it is an Institute requirement that you retain a copy (this can be electronic) of all coursework submitted. When your marked essay is returned to you, you should return it to the marker within two weeks. COMMUNICATION If any changes need to be made to the course arrangements, these will normally be communicated by . It is therefore essential that you consult your UCL account regularly. DYSLEXIA AND OTHER DISABILITIES If you have dyslexia or any other disability, please make your lecturers aware of this. Please discuss with your lecturers whether there is any way in which they can help you. Students with dyslexia are reminded to indicate this on each piece of coursework. FEEDBACK In trying to make this course as effective as possible, we welcome feedback from students during the course of the year. All students are asked to give their views on the course in an anonymous questionnaire which will be circulated at one of the last sessions of the course. These questionnaires are taken seriously and help the Course Co-ordinator to develop the course. The summarised responses are considered by the Institute's Staff-Student Consultative Committee, Teaching Committee, and by the Faculty Teaching Committee. If students are concerned about any aspect of this course we hope they will feel able to talk to the Course Co-ordinator, but if they feel this is not appropriate, they should consult their Personal Tutor, the Academic Administrator (Judy Medrington), or the Chair of Teaching Committee (Dr. Sue Hamilton).

5 LIBRARIES The libraries of the Institute of Archaeology and the Main Library at UCL will be the principal resources for this course. TEACHING SCHEDULE All classes will take place in Term II on Thursdays, from 9am-11am in Room 410. January 15 th January 22 nd January 29 th February 5 th February 12 th Social and Economic Foundations: Mesopotamia (David Wengrow) Social and Economic Foundations: Egypt (David Wengrow) Settlement Archaeology: Mesopotamia (David Wengrow) Settlement Archaeology: Egypt (David Wengrow) Mortuary Archaeology: Mesopotamia (David Wengrow) READING WEEK February 26 th March 5 th March 12 th March 19 th March 26 th Mortuary Archaeology: Egypt (David Wengrow) Art and Imagery: Mesopotamia (Class presentations) Art and Imagery: Egypt (Class presentation) Archaeology of Written Documents: Egypt (Richard Bussmann) Archaeology of Written Documents: Mesopotamia (Carl Walsh)

6 COURSE SCOPE AND STRUCTURE The first two sessions provide an orientation to the main themes of the course through an examination of evidence for the formation of early states in Egypt and Mesopotamia, and their distinct environmental settings and archaeological records. The remainder of the course focuses upon data from the third millennium BC: the Egyptian Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom, and the Mesopotamian Early Dynastic period. The subsequent First Intermediate Period in Egypt and the Akkadian period in Mesopotamia will be anticipated, but neither will be studied in the formal part of the course. The main thrust of the option will be an examination in outline of the character of the archaeological evidence for five aspects of contemporary society (see below) in order to see how the pattern of this evidence has contributed to present understanding (and potential misunderstanding) of the course of political, economic, ideological and social development during the earliest literate periods in Egypt and Sumer (southern Mesopotamia). The emphasis will be on material culture and its interpretation, but every opportunity will be given to assess the role of art and written sources. Themes: 1. Social and Economic Foundations Recent decades have seen dramatic advances in our understanding of the social and economic background to the emergence of the world s earliest states in Egypt and Mesopotamia. The later prehistory of these regions from the end of the last Ice Age, c.10,000 BC to the appearance of the first writing systems, c.3300 BC is now an extensive field of study in its own right. It is increasingly clear that Neolithic societies in the Nile valley and the Fertile Crescent followed distinct trajectories of social and cultural development, while nevertheless sharing such fundamental features as the adoption of domesticated animals and plants, and the elaboration of rich and varied material cultures. 2. Settlement Archaeology The archaeological evidence for the great organizations of the state is (with 3 below) fundamental to modern study of Egypt and Sumer (southern Mesopotamia). But well excavated settlement sites of the early historic period in both regions are very rare (contemporary administrative and economic records are not much more common). It is therefore necessary to focus on a few instructive examples, sifting and correlating the evidence they provide in order to reconstruct a provisional general view in each case. 3. Mortuary Archaeology Reconstructing the society of the living from equipment provided for the dead is as fundamental here as in so many areas of archaeological research. Architectural remains, works of art and objects of daily use from funerary contexts play a primary role in current reconstructions of the economic, political, social and ideological systems of early historic

7 Egypt and Sumer. This evidence is complementary to that in 2 (above) and demands the same critical appraisal of the ways it is used by modern scholars. 4. Art and Imagery In both areas the development of complex societies stimulated the growth of craft skills to furnish with fine objects and images the temples, palaces, and the homes and graves of the elite. Pictures, like texts, were relatively scarce things in Old Kingdom Egypt and Early Dynastic Sumer since they were primarily (where they survive) a matter of communication between deities and rulers, and an elite, with the first two by far the most important. As such they are vital indicators of the ideology of these early states. They call for as much attention from archaeologists as they are more often given by art-historians and philologists, who have been conventionally more concerned with the integration of pictures and texts (particularly for Egypt, where writing was more enduringly and pervasively pictographic). 5. The Archaeology of Written Documents The interrelationship between unwritten archaeological data and inscriptions recovered by archaeologists in both regions is no less vital for the earliest of the historical periods than it is for the latest. But it is considerably more circumscribed then by the paucity of the surviving contemporary documents and the difficulty of understanding the archaic forms of Egyptian and Sumerian. This has meant that some aspects of the documentary evidence, particularly those bearing on politics and religion, have often been elucidated in the light either of fuller evidence from later periods or of later texts purporting to describe early periods ( backward reconstruction ). The reliability of these procedures (no less prevalent in handling non-textual sources) is as questionable as they are necessary for the moment and needs to be recurrently assessed. COURSE SYLLABUS AND READING LISTS In the following pages you will find: General reading lists for Old Kingdom Egypt and Early Dynastic Mesopotamia A weekly outline for the course as a whole, which identifies essential and supplementary readings relevant to each session. Information is provided as to where in the UCL or BIAA library system individual readings are available; their location and Teaching Collection (TC) number, and status (whether out on loan) can also be accessed on the euclid computer catalogue system. Readings marked with an * are considered essential to keep up with the topics covered in the course. Copies of individual articles and chapters identified as essential reading are in the Teaching Collection in the Institute Library (where permitted by copyright), or are available ONLINE through links embedded in the reading lists below. Where neither is possible, copies of the relevant books can be found at the short-load ISSUE DESK, as well as on the open shelving. You are strongly encouraged to make use of the additional ONLINE resources highlighted in the weekly reading lists. A list of coursework titles and submission deadlines

8 Special Option: Bibliography Mesopotamia: General Adams, R. McC. Heartland of Cities (Chicago, London: University of Chicago 1981 Press) INST ARCH DBB 100 ADA, ISSUE DESK IOA ADA 5 Crawford, H. Sumer and the Sumerians (Cambridge: Cambridge University 1991 Press) INST ARCH DBB 100 CRA, and 2 nd edition: 2004 Jacobsen, T. Toward the Image of Tammuz and Other Essays on Mesopotamian 1970 History and Culture (ed. W.L. Moran; Cambridge; Mass: Harvard University Press; especially for the first essays on Mesopotamian religion and numbers 8 and 9 no Mesopotamian political development) INST ARCH DBA 600 JAC, ANCIENT HISTORY D 6 JAC 1976 The Treasures of Darkness: A History of Mesopotamian Religion (Yale: Yale University Press) ISSUE DESK IOA JAC 2, ANCIENT HISTORY D 74 JAC 1987 The Harps that Once Sumerian Poetry in Translation (Yale: Yale University Press) ANCIENT HISTORY D 4 HAR Kramer, S.N. The Sumerians (Chicago: University of Chicago Press) 1963 INST ARCH DBB 200 KRA, ANCIENT HISTORY D 12 KRA, ANTHROPOLOGY PM 95 KRA Landsberger, B. Three Essays on the Sumerians (Translations of earlier articles; M DeJ. Ellis; Los Angeles: Undena) INST ARCH DBB 200 LAN Lloyd, S. The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: from the Old Stone Age to the 1978 Persian Conquest. (London: Thames & Hudson) INST ARCH DBB 100 LLO Matthews, R.L. The Archaeology of Mesopotamia. London: Routledge 2003 INST ARCH DBB 100 MAT, ISSUE DESK IOA MAT 6 Nissen, H.J. The Early History of the Ancient Near East, BC 1988 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press) INST ARCH DBA 200 NIS Oppenheim, A.L. Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization (Chicago: 1964 University of Chicago Press) INST ARCH DBB 100 OPP, ANCIENT HISTORY D 5 OPP Postgate, J.N. Early Mesopotamia. (London & New York: Routledge) INST ARCH 1994 DBB 100 POS, ISSUE DESK IOA POS 2 Reade, J. Assyrian King-Lists, the Royal Tombs of Ur, and Indus Origins 2001 Journal of Near Eastern Studies 60(1): 1-29.

9 Main CLASSICS Pers and ONLINE (JSTOR) Roaf, M. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East (New 2004 York: Facts on File) INST ARCH DBA 100 Qto ROA, ISSUE DESK IOA ROA Van de Mieroop, M. A History of the Ancient Near East, c BC. (Oxford: 2007 Blackwell) ANCIENT HISTORY B 5 MIE Wengrow, D. What Makes Civilization? The Ancient Near East and the Future of 2010 the West. (Oxford: Oxford University Press) INST ARCH DBA 100 WEN, ISSUE DESK IOA WEN 8

10 Special Option: Bibliography: Egypt: General Baines, J.R. and Cultural Atlas of Ancient Egypt (New York: Facts on File) Malek, J EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS A 2 BAI, ISSUE DESK IOA BAI 3 Bard, K.A. An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. (Oxford: 2008 Blackwell) EGYPTOLOGY A 5 BAR Butzer, K.W. Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt: a Study in Cultural Ecology 1976 (Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press) EGYPTOLOGY B 5 BUT, ISSUE DESK IOA BUT, and 2002 edition: ISSUE DESK IOA BUT Frankfort, H. Kingship and the Gods. (Chicago: Chicago University Press) 1948 INST ARCH DBA 200 FRA Hayes, W.C. The Scepter of Egypt I: From Earliest Times to the end of the Old 1953 Kingdom. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press) EGYPTOLOGY A 5 HAY Kemp, B.J. Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization. (London: Routledge) 1989 EGYPTOLOGY B 5 KEM, ISSUE DESK IOA KEM, and 2006 (updated) edition Lichtheim, M. Ancient Egyptian Literature: A Book of Readings I: The Old and 1975 Middle Kingdoms. (Berkeley: University of California Press) EGYPTOLOGY V 20 LIC Malek, J. In the Shadow of the Pyramids: Egypt during the Old Kingdom (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press) EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS B 20 MAL Simpson, W.K. et al. The Literature of Ancient Egypt: an Anthology of Stories, 2003 Instructions, Stelae, Autobiographies, and Poetry (London: Yale University Press) EGYPTOLOGY V 20 SIM Stevenson Smith, W. The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt (London: Yale 1998 University Press, 4 th edition) EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS K 5 SMI, INST ARCH SMI 10 Teeter, E. ed. Before the Pyramids (Chicago: Oriental Institute). EGYPTOLOGY 2011 QUARTOS B 11 TEE Available online: Trigger, B. et al. Ancient Egypt: A Social History (Cambridge: Cambridge 1983 University Press) EGYPTOLOGY B 5 TRI, ISSUE DESK IOA TRI 1 Wengrow, D. The Archaeology of Early Egypt: Social Transformations in North East Africa, 10, BC. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) EGYPTOLOGY B 11 WEN, ISSUE DESK IOA WEN 7

11 Wilkinson, T.A.H Early Dynastic Egypt (London: Routledge) EGYPTOLOGY B 12 WIL Special Option: Bibliography General: Materials and Technology: Egypt and Mesopotamia Lucas, A. Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries. (London: E. Arnould) 1962 EGYPTOLOGY S 5 LUC, INST ARCH TYLECOTE LUC Moorey, P.R.S. Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries. Oxford: 1994 Clarendon Press) INST ARCH DBB 100 MOO, ISSUE DESK IOA MOO 7 Potts, D.T. Mesopotamian Civilization: the Material Foundations (New York: 1997 Cornell University Press; with excellent interpretive sections on a wide variety of topics) INST ARCH DBB 200 POT Shaw, I. and Nicholson, P.T ARCH K Qto NIC Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS S 5 NIC, INST Stocks, D.A. Making stone vessels in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt Antiquity 67: INST ARCH Pers and ONLINE

12 Special Option: Bibliography Week 1: Social and Economic Foundations: Mesopotamia General Pollock, S. Ancient Mesopotamia: the Eden that Never Was (Cambridge: 1999 Cambridge University Press, chapters 2-4) INST ARCH DBB 100 POL, ISSUE DESK IOA POL 2 *Roaf, M. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East (New 1990 York: Facts on File, pages 18-77) INST ARCH DBA 100 Qto ROA, ISSUE DESK IOA ROA Neolithic foundations *Various Authors 1992 The Cradle of Civilization: Recent Archaeology in Iraq. Special number of Biblical Archaeologist 55(4): chapters by T. Watkins, Pushing Back the Frontiers of Mesopotamian Prehistory (pp ), S. Campbell, The Halaf Period in Iraq: Old Sites and New (pp ), J.-L. Huot, The First Farmers at Oueili (pp ) INST ARCH Pers and ONLINE (JSTOR, or click links above) Akkermans, P.M.M.G An image of complexity: the burnt village at Late Neolithic Sabi and Verhoeven, M. Abyad, Syria. American Journal of Archaeology 99(1): 5-32, INST 1995 ARCH Pers, and ONLINE: Frangipane, M. Different types of egalitarian societies and the development of 2007 inequality in early Mesopotamia. World Archaeology 39(2): INST ARCH Pers, and ONLINE: click title of paper, above. Oates, J. The background and development of early farming communities 1973 in Mesopotamia and the Zagros. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 39: INST ARCH Pers Wengrow, D. The changing face of clay : continuinty and change in the 1998 transition from village to urban life in the Near East. Antiquity 72: INST ARCH Pers and ONLINE: The Uruk Expansion Algaze, G. The Uruk world system : the dynamics of expansion of early 1993 Mesopotamian civilization. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press) INST ARCH DBB 100 ALG (expands on an influential 1989 article in Current Anthropology, which can be viewed, with critical

13 responses, at: Oates, J. Trade and power in the fifth and fourth millennia BC: new 1993 evidence from northern Mesopotamia. World Archaeology 24(3): INST ARCH Pers and ONLINE: Pollock, S. Bureaucrats and managers, peasants and pastoralists, imperialists 1992 and traders: Research on the Uruk and Jemdet Nasr periods in Mesopotamia. Journal of World Prehistory 6: INST ARCH Pers Rothman, M. Uruk Mesopotamia and its Neighbours: Cross-Cultural Interaction 2001 in the Era of State Formation. Santa Fe: School of American Research. INST ARCH DBB 100 ROT Schwartz, G. Excavations at Karatut Mevkii and perspectives of the 1988 Uruk/Jemdet Nasr expansion. Akkadica 56: 1-41 INST ARCH Pers Stein, G. Rethinking World Systems: Diasporas, Colonies and Interaction in 1999 Uruk Mesopotamia. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. INST ARCH DBB 100 STE, ISSUE DESK IOA STE 5 Sürenhagen, D. The dry-farming belt: the Uruk period and subsequent 1986 developments. In H. Weiss (ed.) The Origins of Cities in dryfarming Syria and Mesopotamia in the third millennium BC (Guilford: Connecticut) INST ARCH DBA 100 WEI Special bibliography for bevelled-rim bowls Beale, T.W. Bevelled rim bowls and their implications for change and 1978 economic organization in the later fourth millennium BC. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 37: CLASSICS Pers and ONLINE: Millard, A.R. The bevelled-rim bowls: their purpose and significance. Iraq 50: INST ARCH Pers Buccellati, G. Salt at the dawn of history: the case of the bevelled-rim bowls. In 1990 P. Matthiae et al. (eds.) Resurrecting the Past: a Joint Tribute to Adnan Bounni. (Istanbul: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten) INST ARCH DBD 100 BOU Chazan, M. and Lehner, M An ancient analogy: pot baked bread in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. Paléorient 16 (2): INST ARCH Pers

14 The emergence of writing in southern Mesopotamia Jasim, S.A. and Early tokens and tablets in Mesopotamia. World Archaeology 17: Oates, J INST ARCH Pers and ONLINE: Nissen, H.J. The Archaic Texts from Uruk. World Archaeology 17: INST ARCH Pers and ONLINE: Nissen, H.J. et al. Archaic Bookkeeping: Early Writing and Techniques of Economic 1993 Administration in the Ancient Near East. (Chicago & London: Chicago University Press) INST ARCH DBA 600 NIS, ANCIENT HISTORY B 4 NIS Postgate, N.J. Early Mesopotamia (London & New York: Routledge, chapter 3) INST ARCH DBB 100 POS, ISSUE DESK IOA POS 2 Links to relevant online presentations Andrew Sherratt Environmental Change: the evolution of Mesopotamia Andrew Sherratt Obsidian Trade in the Near East, 14,000 to 6500 BC Cameron Petrie, Somerville College, Oxford Exploring Routes and Plains in Southwest Iran Andrew Sherratt Tellspotting

15 Special Option: Bibliography Week 2: Social and Economic Foundations: Egypt General Hoffman, M.A. Egypt before the Pharaohs. Austin: University of Texas Press (Much of the archaeology is now out of date, but the sections on the history of prehistoric studies in Egypt remain important) EGYPTOLOGY B 11 HOF Midant-Reynes, B. The Prehistory of Egypt. Oxford: Blackwell 2000 (trans. I Shaw) EGYPTOLOGY B 11 MID, ISSUE DESK IOA MID 2 *Savage, S. Some recent trends in the archaeology of Predynastic Egypt Journal of Archaeological Research 9: INST ARCH Pers and ONLINE: Access from article title, ABOVE Spencer, A.J. Early Egypt: the Rise of Civilization in the Nile Valley 1993 London: British Museum (Simple, clear survey illustrated from the British Museum collection) Wengrow, D. The Archaeology of Early Egypt: Social Transformations in North East Africa, 10, BC. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) EGYPTOLOGY B 11 WEN, ISSUE DESK IOA WEN 7 Wilkinson, T.A.H. The Egyptian World. London: Routledge (chapters 1-5 provide 2007 useful overviews of the main environmental zones: Nile valley, delta, deserts, oases, and urban forms) EGYPTOLOGY A 5 WIL, ISSUE DESK IoA WIL 10 Wilkinson, T.A.H Early Dynastic Egypt (London: Routledge) EGYPTOLOGY B 12 WIL Neolithic foundations Hassan, F.A. The predynastic of Egypt. Journal of World Prehistory 2: (partially outdated, but still a stimulating survey) INST ARCH Pers Hassan, F.A. Holocene environmental change and the origins and spread of food production in the Middle East. Adumatu 1: INST ARCH Pers Hendrickx, S. and Prehistory: from the Palaeolithic to the Badarian culture. In I. Vermeersch, P. Shaw (ed.) The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Oxford 2000 University Press, pp EGYPTOLOGY B 5 SHA, ISSUE DESK IOA

16 SHA 5 *Wengrow, D. Rethinking cattle cults in Early Egypt: Towards a prehistoric 2001 perspective on the Narmer Palette. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 11: INST ARCH Pers, and ONLINE: clink link from article title (above) Wengrow, D. The Archaeology of Early Egypt: Social Transformations in North East Africa, 10, BC. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, chapters 1-3) EGYPTOLOGY B 11 WEN, ISSUE DESK IOA WEN 7 Wetterstrom, W. Foraging and farming in Egypt: the transition from hunting and 1993 gathering to horticulture in the Nile valley. In T. Shaw et al. (eds.) The Archaeology of Africa: food, metals, towns. London: Routledge, INST ARCH DC 100 SHA, ISSUE DESK IOA SHA 6 Nabta Playa and the controversy over early cattle domestication Kuper, R. and Climate-controlled Holocene occupation in the Sahara: motor of 2006 Africa's evolution. Science 313: ONLINE: click link from article title (above) Wendorf, F. and Schild, R. Nabta Playa and its role in Northeastern African prehistory Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 17: INST ARCH 1998 Pers and ONLINE: click link from article title (above) and then PDF option Wendorf, F. and Implications of incipient social complexity in the Late Neolithic in 2002 the Egyptian Sahara. In R. Friedman (ed.) Egypt and Nubia: Gifts of the Desert. London: British Museum Press, pp INST ARCH HB Qto BRE Wengrow, D. On desert origins for the ancient Egyptians. Antiquity 77: (Review of The Archaeology of Nabta Playa, by F. Wendorf et al.; The Pottery of Nabta Playa, by K. Nelson et al.; and Genesis of the Pharaohs, by T. Wilkinson) The unification of Egypt: approaches to state formation Bard, K.A. From Farmers to Pharaohs: mortuary evidence for the rise of 1994 complex society in Egypt. (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press). EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS E 7 BAR Baines, J. Origins of Egyptian kingship. In D. O Connor and D.P Silverman (eds.), Ancient Egyptian Kingship. Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill, EGYPTOLOGY B 20 OCO

17 Savage, S. Descent group competition and economic strategies in 1997 Predynastic Egypt. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 16: INST ARCH Pers and ONLINE: click link from article title (above) and then PDF option Wengrow, D. The Archaeology of Early Egypt: Social Transformations in North East Africa, 10, BC. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, chapters 4-10) EGYPTOLOGY B 11 WEN, ISSUE DESK IOA WEN 7 The emergence of writing in Egypt Baines, J. Communication and display: the integration of early Egyptian art 2007 and writing. In J. Baines, Visual and Written Culture in Ancient Egypt. (Oxford: Oxford University Press) pp EGYPTOLOGY B 20 BAI and ISSUE DESK IOA BAI (original version in Antiquity also available ONLINE at: Dreyer, G. Umm el-qaab I. Das Prädynastische Königsgrab U-j und seine 1998 frühen Schriftzeugnisse. (site report for Tomb U-j at Abydos: now a key context for the study of early Egyptian writing). Mainz am Rhein: Von Zabern. EGYPTOL. Quartos E 60 [86] Kahl, J. Hieroglyphic writing during the fourth millennium BC: an 2001 analysis of systems. Archéo-Nil 11: INST ARCH Pers Postgate, N., Tao, W., The evidence for early writing: Utilitarian or ceremonial and Wilkinson, T Antiquity 69: INST ARCH Pers and ONLINE: click link from article 1995 title (above) Early contacts between Egypt and Mesopotamia Frankfort, H. The origin of monumental architecture in Egypt. American 1941 Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 58: ONLINE: Moorey, P.R.S. On tracking cultural transfers in prehistory: the case of Egypt 1987 and lower Mesopotamia in the fourth millennium BC. In M.J. Rowlands et al. (eds.) Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) pp ISSUE DESK ROW 3 Teissier, B. Glyptic evidence for a connection between Iran, Syro-Palestine

18 1987 and Egypt in the fourth and third millennia. Iran 25: INST ARCH Pers Important collections and catalogues of predynastic/early Dynastic material Asselberghs, H. Chaos en Beheersing: documenten uit aeneolithisch Egypte Leiden: E.J. Brill. (good illustrations of late predynastic ceremonial objects) EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS B 11 ASS Baumgartel, E.J. The Cultures of Prehistoric Egypt. London: Oxford University 1955 Press for Griffith Institute The Cultures of Prehistoric Egypt II. London: Oxford University Press for Griffith Institute. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS B 11 BAU (commentaries now often out of date, but still an important survey) Needler, W. Predynastic and Archaic Egypt in the Brooklyn Museum Brooklyn, NY: The Brooklyn Museum. ISSUE DESK IOA BRO 11 Payne, J.C. Catalogue of the Predynastic Egyptian Collection in the 1993 Ashmolean Museum. Oxford: Clarendon Press. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS C 10 BRI Links to relevant online presentations Digital Egypt at UCL (based on the collections of the Petrie Museum) this is a key learning resource, which includes timelines, maps, and detailed descriptions of key sites illustrated with material from the UCL collections: You can also search the online catalogue of the Petrie Museum at:

19 Special Option: Bibliography Week 3: Settlement Archaeology: Mesopotamia General Adams, R. Mc. Heartland of Cities (Chicago & London: University of Chicago 1981 Press), INST ARCH DBB 100 ADA, ISSUE DESK IOA ADA 5 Chapter 2: The recovery of ancient settlement and irrigation patterns, INST ARCH TC Land Behind Baghdad. A History of Settlement on the Diyala Plains. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. IOA DBB 400 Qto.ADA (especially pages 4-12) Adams, R. Mc. and Nissen, H ADA The Uruk Countryside: the Natural Setting of Urban Societies. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. INST ARCH DBB Black, J. The Sumerians in their landscape. In T.Abusch (ed.) Riches 2002 Hidden in Secret Places. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, ANCIENT HISTORY (MAIN LIBRARY) D6 ABU Crawford, H. Sumer and the Sumerians (Cambridge: Cambridge University 1991 Press; chapters 3-5) INST ARCH DBB 100 CRA Postgate, J.N. How many Sumerians per hectare?. Cambridge Archaeological 1994 Journal 4: INST ARCH Pers Wilkinson, T.J. Archaeological landscapes of the Near East. Tucson: University of 2003 Arizona Press. INST ARCH DBA 100 WIL (Chapter excerpt: INST ARCH TC 3184) Uruk Period Rothman, M Tepe Gawra: the evolution of a small, prehistoric center in northern Iraq. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania INST ARCH DBB 10 ROT Strommenger, E. Habuba Kabira Ein Stadt vor 5000 Jahren. (Mainz: von Zabern) 1980 INST ARCH DBD 10 STR Early Dynastic (a) Al-Hiba Crawford, V.E. Excavations in the Swamps of Sumer. Expedition 14(2): 12-20

20 1972 INST ARCH Pers and ONLINE (click link via article title) *Hansen, D.P. Royal Building Activity at Sumerian Lagash in the Early 1992 Dynastic Period. Biblical Archaeologist 55(4): INST ARCH Pers and ONLINE (click link via article title) (b) Abu Salabikh: Postgate, J.N ARCH Pers Excavations at Abu Salabikh, Iraq LII: INST Green, A.R. (ed.) Abu Salabikh Excavations 4: the 6G Ash-tip and its contents: 1993 cultic and administrative discard from the temple? (London: British School of Archaeology) INST ARCH DBB 10 Qto ABU (c) Tell Asmar (Eshnunna) Frankfort, H. Fifth Preliminary Report of the Iraq Expedition (Oriental Institute 1936 Communications no.20; Chicago: University of Chicago Press), (N.B. pp on subdivision of the Early Dynastic Period) INST ARCH DBB 10 FRA Evans, J.M. The Square Temple at Tell Asmar and the construction of Early 2007 Dynastic Mesopotamia, ca B.C.E.. American Journal of Archaeology 111(4): INST ARCH Pers Hill, H.D. in Delougaz, P. et al. Private Houses and Graves in the Diyala Region (Chicago: University of Chicago Press), , 274-8; siteplan, pl INST ARCH DBB 10 Qto Series ORI 88 (d) Tell Fara Martin, H.P. Fara: a reconstruction of the ancient Mesopotamian city of 1988 Shuruppak. Birmingham: Chris Martin. INST ARCH DBB 10 Qto MAR (e) Nippur *Gibson, McG. Patterns of occupation at Nippur. In Ellis, M. de Jong (ed.) 1993 Nippur at the Centennial (Philadelphia: University Museum) STORE and ONLINE at: Nippur, Sacred City of Enlil, Supreme God of Sumer and Akkad, al-rafidan XIV: INST ARCH Pers and ONLINE at: MacMahon, A. Nippur V: the Early Dynastic to Akkadian Transition. (Chicago: 2006 Oriental Institute) INST ARCH DBB 10 Qto NIP

21 Special Option: Bibliography Week 4: Settlement Archaeology: Egypt General Bietak, M. Egyptology and the urban setting. In K. Weeks (ed.) Egyptology 1979 and the Social Sciences. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, pp EGYPTOLOGY A 6 WEE, INST ARCH WEE Butzer, K.W. Perspectives on irrigation civilization in Pharaonic Egypt;. In D Schmandt-Besserat (ed.) Immortal Egypt (University of Texas at Austin), pp EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS A 6 SCH Kees, H. Ancient Egypt: a Cultural Topography. Chicago: University of 1977 Chicago Press. EGYPTOLOGY A 20 KEE Kemp, B.J. Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization (London: Routledge), 1989 pp.65-83, EGYPTOLOGY B 5 KEM, ISSUE DESK IOA KEM O Connor, D. The status of early Egyptian temples: an alternative theory (i.e. to 1992 Kemp s). In R. Friedman and B. Adams (eds.) The Followers of Horus. Oxford: Oxbow, pp EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS A 6 FRI, ISSUE DESK IOA FRI 4 Trigger, B.G. Understanding Early Civilizations. (Cambridge: Cambridge 2003 University Press) INST ARCH BC 100 TRI, ISSUE DESK IOA TRI 8 Wilson, J. Civilization without cities. In C.H. Kraeling and R.M. Adams 1960 (eds.) City Invincible. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press) ANCIENT HISTORY A 64 KRA 1955 Buto and Hierakonpolis in the Geography of Egypt. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 14: CLASSICS PERS and ONLINE: click link to article title, ABOVE Giza Plateau and Workers Town Hawass, Z. The workmen s community at Giza. In M. Bietak (ed.) Haus und 1996 Palast im alten Ägypten/ House and Palace in Ancient Egypt. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, pp EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS K6 BIE Lehner, M. and Giza reports: the Giza Plateau mapping project. Volume 1. Boston: Wetterstrom, W. Ancient Egypt Research Associates. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS E 100 (eds.) GIZ 2007

22 Redding, R.W. Egyptian Old Kingdom patterns of animal use and the value of 1992 faunal data in modelling socioeconomic systems. Paléorient 18(2): (includes evidence from Giza) INST ARCH Pers *Browse online reports and images at: And at: The latter site includes a large number of online publications (see Resources section). The following is essential reading: *Lehner, M. The Pyramid Age Settlement of the Southern Mount at Giza 2002 Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 39 (2002): (INST ARCH PERS or click link from title above) Eastern Delta sites Ciałowicz, K.M Ivory and Gold: Beginnings of the Egyptian Art. Poznan: Prehistoric Society. [summary of recent work at Tell el-farkha, with colour illustrations] EGYPTOLOGY M 20 CIA Van Haarlem, W.M Tell Ibrahim Awad. Egyptian Archaeology 18: INST ARCH Pers Kom el-hisn (Western Delta) Cagle, A. The Spatial Structure of Kom el-hisn: An Old Kingdom Town in 2003 the Western Nile Delta, Egypt. Oxford: Archeopress. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS E 100 CAG, and also available at: Moens, M.-F. and The agricultural economy of an Old Kingdom town in Egypt s 1988 west delta: insights from plant remains. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 47: CLASSICS Pers, and ONLINE: Wenke, R. et al. Kom el Hisn: Excavation of an Old Kingdom Settlement in the 1988 Egyptian Delta. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 25: Wenke, R. and The Archaic-Old Kingdom Delta: the evidence from Mendes and Brewer, D.J. Kom el-hisn. In M. Bietak (ed.) Haus und Palast im alten 1996 Ägypten/ House and Palace in Ancient Egypt.Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, pp EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS K6 BIE

23 Sais (Western Delta) See online reports at: * Buto (Western Delta) See online reports at: * Hierakonpolis Fairservis, W.A.Jr. Excavation of the Archaic Remains East of the Niched Gate, 1986 Season of The Hierakonpolis Project, Occasional Papers in Anthropology 3. (Poughkeepsie, N.Y.: Vassar College) EGYPTOLOGY E 100 FAI Hoffman, M.A. The City of the Hawk: Seat of Egypt s Ancient Civilization Expedition 18(3): INST ARCH Pers Hoffman, M.A. A model of urban development for the Hierakonpolis region from et al. predynastic through Old Kingdom times. Journal of the American 1986 Research Center in Egypt 23: INST ARCH Pers And consult back issues of Nekhen News at INST ARCH Pers and ONLINE: Elephantine Seidlmayer, S.J. Town and state in the early Old Kingdom. A view from 1996 Elephantine. In A.J. Spencer (ed.) Aspects of Early Egypt. London: British Museum, , pls EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS A 6 SPE Seidlmayer, S.J. Die Staatliche Anlage der 3. Dyn. in der Nordweststadt von 1996 Elephantine. Archäologische und historische Probleme. In M. Bietak (ed.) Haus und Palast im alten Ägypten/ House and Palace in Ancient Egypt. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, pp EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS K6 BIE Ziermann, M. Elephantine XVI: Befestigungsanlagen und Stadtentwicklung in 1994 der Frühzeit und im frühen Alten Reich. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS E 60 [87] Ain Asil, Dakhleh Oasis Soukiassian G. A governor s palace at Ayn Asil, Dakhla Oasis. Egyptian 1997 Archaeology 11: INST ARCH PERS

24 Special Option: Bibliography Week 5: Mortuary Archaeology: Mesopotamia Cohen, A.C. Death Rituals, Ideology and the Development of Early 2005 Mesopotamian Kingship. Leiden: Brill. INST ARCH DBB 100 COH Delougaz, P. et al. Private Houses and Graves in the Diyala Region (Chicago: 1967 University of Chicago Press) INST ARCH DBB 10 Qto Series ORI 88 Forest, J.D. Les Pratiques funéraires en Mésopotamie du Vème millénaire au 1983 début du III ème. (Paris: Editions Recherche sur les civilisations) INST ARCH DBB 100 FOR Foxvog, D.A Funerary furnishings in an early Sumerian text from Adab. In B Alster (ed.) Death in Mesopotamia (Copenhagen Studies in Assyriology), pp INST ARCH DBB Series REN 26, ANCIENT HISTORY D 6 REN Gansell, A.R. Identity and Adornment in the Third-millennium BC 2002 Mesopotamian Royal Cemetery at Ur. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 17(1): INST ARCH Pers and ONLINE (click first line of title, above) Laneri, N. Intramural tombs: a funerary tradition of the Middle Euphrates 1999 valley during the IIIrd millennium BC. Anatolica 25: INST ARCH Pers Laneri, N. (ed.) Performing Death: Social Analyses of Funerary Traditions in the 2007 Ancient Near East and Mediterranean. Chicago: Oriental Institute (especially chapter by S. Pollock) INST ARCH DBA 100 LAN Kramer, S.N. The death of Urnammu. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 21: INST ARCH Pers and ONLINE: Marchesi, G. Who was buried in the Royal Tombs of Ur? The epigraphic and 2004 textual data. Orientalia 73: INST ARCH Pers Martin, H.P. et al. Abu Salabikh Excavations 2: Graves London: British School 1985 of Archaeology in Iraq. INST ARCH DBB 10 Qto ABU Michalowski, P. The death of Shulgi. Orientalia 46: INST ARCH Pers *Moorey, P.R.S. What do we know about the people buried in the Royal Cemetery 1977 Ur. Expedition 20(1): INST ARCH Pers and ONLINE at:

25 (see also accompanying essay by S.N.Kramer: The Ur Excavations and Sumerian Literature ) Moorey, P.R.S. A reconsideration of the excavations at Tell Ingharra (East Kish) Iraq 28: INST ARCH Pers 1970 Cemetery A at Kish: grave groups and chronology. Iraq 32: INST ARCH Pers 1978 Kish Excavations Oxford: Clarendon Press. INST ARCH DBB 10 MOO Pollock, S. Of priestesses, princes and poor relations: the dead in the Royal 1991 Cemetery at Ur. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 1(2): INST ARCH Pers *Porter, A. The Dynamics of Death: ancestors, pastoralism, and the origins of 2002 a third-millennium city in Syria. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 325: INST ARCH Pers and ONLINE at: Postgate, J.N. Early Dynastic burial customs at Abu Salabikh. Sumer 36: INST ARCH Pers Sürenhagen, D. Death in Mesopotamia: the Royal Tombs of Ur revisited. In L Al-Gailani Werr et al. (eds.) Of Pots and Plans. London: NABU, pp , INST ARCH DBA 100 Qto GAI Woolley, C.L. Ur Excavations 2: The Royal Cemetery. London: British 1934 Museum. INST ARCH DBB 10 Qto Series UR EXC 2 Woolley, C.L. Ur of the Chaldees (revised by P.R.S. Moorey). New York: 1982 Cornell University Press. ISSUE DESK IOA WOO 3 Zettler, R.L. and Horne, L Treasures from the Royal Tombs of Ur. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. INST ARCH DBB 300 ZET

26 Special Option: Bibliography Week 6: Mortuary Archaeology: Egypt *Bárta, M. Location of the Old Kingdom pyramids in Egypt. Cambridge 2004 Archaeological Journal 15: INST ARCH PERS and ONLINE [access from title, above] Edwards, I.E..S. The Pyramids of Egypt (revised edition; London: Penguin) 1993 EGYPTOLOGY K 7 EDW Emery, W.B. Archaic Egypt (London: Penguin) 1962 EGYPTOLOGY B 11 EME Harpur, Y. Decoration in Egyptian Tombs of the Old Kingdom: Studies in 1987 Orientation and Scene Content (London & New York: KPI) EGYPTOLOGY M 20 HAR Hart, G. Pharaohs and Pyramids: a guide through Old Kingdom Egypt (London: Herbert) EGYPTOLOGY K 7 HAR Hawass, Z. Programs of the royal funerary complexes of the Fourth Dynasty In D. O Connor and D. Silverman (eds.) Ancient Egyptian Kingship. Leiden: Brill, EGYPTOLOGY B 20 OCO Kemp, B.J. Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization (London: Routledge) 1989 chapter 3: section on Giza. EGYPTOLOGY B 5 KEM, INST ARCH KEM Lauer, J.P. Saqqara the royal cemetery at Memphis excavations and 1976 discoveries since 1850 (London: Thames & Hudson) EGYPTOLOGY E 100 LAU Lehner, M. A contextual approach to the Giza pyramids. Archiv für 1985 Orientforschung Afo 32: INST ARCH Pers *1997 The Complete Pyramids. (London: Thames & Hudson) EGYPTOLOGY K 7 LEH, ISSUE DESK IOA LEH (early chapters) *O Connor, D. Political systems and archaeological data in Egypt: BC. World Archaeology 6: INST ARCH Pers and ONLINE: Reisner, G.A. The Development of the Egyptian Tomb down to the accession of 1935 Cheops. (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press) EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS K 7 REI Simpson, W.K. Aspects of Egyptian art: function and aesthetic. In D. Schmandt Besserat (ed.) Immortal Egypt (Malibu: Undena), pp EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS A 6 SCH

27 Spencer, A.J. Death in Ancient Egypt (London: Penguin) EGYPTOLOGY B 20 SPE Taylor, J.H. Death and the Afterlife in Ancient Egypt (London: British 2001 Museum) EGYPTOLOGY R 5 TAY

28 Special Option: Bibliography Week 7: Art and Imagery: Mesopotamia Amiet, P. 1980a 1980b La glyptique mésopotamienne archaique (2 nd ed. Paris: ECNRS) INST ARCH KG Qto AMI Art of the Ancient Near East. (New York: H.N. Abrams) ANCIENT HISTORY QUARTOS B 52 AMI Black, J. and Gods, Demons, and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: an A. Green 1992 illustrated dictionary. (London: British Museum) INST ARCH DBB 200 BLA, ANCIENT HISTORY D 73 BLA Collon, D. First Impressions: Cylinder Seals in the Ancient Near East (London: British Museum) INST ARCH KG COL 1995 Ancient Near Eastern Art (London: British Museum) INST ARCH DBA 300 COL, ISSUE DESK IOA COL 12, ANCIENT HISTORY B 52 COL Frankfort, H. Cylinder Seals: a documentary essay on the art and religion of the 1939 ancient Near East. (London: Macmillan) INST ARCH KG FRA 1939 Sculpture of the third millennium B.C. from Tell Asmar and Khafajah. Chicago : University of Chicago Press INST ARCH DBB 10 Qto Series ORI More Sculpture from the Diyala Region. Chicago : University of Chicago Press. INST ARCH DBB 10 Qto FRA 1996 The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient (5 th ed., New Haven, London: Yale University Press) INST ARCH DBA 300 FRA, INST ARCH FRA 5, and ISSUE DESK Furlong, I. Divine Headdresses of Mesopotamia in the Early Dynastic Period 1987 (Oxford: BAR). INST ARCH DBB 300 FUR Moortgat, H. The Art of Ancient Mesopotamia (London: Phaidon) INST ARCH 1969 DBB 300 MOO, ISSUE DESK IOA MOO 12 Nadali, D. Monuments of war, war of monuments: some considerations on 2007 commemorating war in the 3 rd millennium BC. Orientalia 76(4): INST ARCH Pers *Winter, I.J. After the battle is over: the Stele of the Vultures and the beginning 1985 of historical narrative in the art of the ancient Near East. In H.L. (see course Kersler and M.S. Simpson (eds.) Pictorial Narrative in Antiquity

29 coordinator) and the Middle Ages. (Washington: National Gallery of Art) Schmandt-Besserat, Images of Enship. In M. Frangipane et al. (eds.) Between the D Rivers and Over the Mountains. (Rome: La Sapienza) INST ARCH DBA 100 Qto PAL And supplied reading for object analysis (supplied by Course Coordinator)

30 Special Option: Bibliography: Week 8: Art and Imagery: Egypt *Baines, J. Communication and display: the integration of early Egyptian 1989 art and writing. Antiquity 63: INST ARCH Pers and ONLINE: click title-link (above), revised and updated version also available in J. Baines (2007) Visual and written culture in ancient Egypt (Oxford: Oxford University Press, EGYPTOLOGY B 20 BAI, ISSUE DESK IOA BAI) 1994 On the status and purposes of ancient Egyptian art. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 4: INST ARCH Pers, revised and updated version also available in J. Baines (2007) Visual and written culture in ancient Egypt (Oxford: Oxford University Press, EGYPTOLOGY B 20 BAI, ISSUE DESK IOA BAI) Bolshakov, A.O. Man and his Double in Egyptian Ideology of the Old Kingdom (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz) EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS R 5 BOL Davis, W. Masking the Blow: the Scene of Representation in Late Prehistoric 1992 Egyptian Art. (Berkeley: University of California Press) EGYPTOLOGY M 5 DAV, ISSUE DESK IOA DAV The Canonical Tradition in Ancient Egyptian Art (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) EGYPTOLOGY M 20 DAV, ISSUE DESK IOA DAV 7 Eaton-Krauss The Representations of Statuary in Private Tombs in the Old M Kingdom (Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz) EGYPTOLOGY M 10 EAT Groenewegen- Arrest and Movement: an essay on space and time in the Frankfort, H.A. representational art of the ancient Near East. (London: Faber & 1951 Faber, Introduction and chapters I-II) INST ARCH DBA 300 GRO Hayes, W.C. The Scepter of Egypt I: From Earliest Times to the end of the Old 1953 Kingdom. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press) EGYPTOLOGY A 5 HAY Schäfer, H. Principles of Egyptian Art (translated and edited, with an 1986 introduction by John Baines: revised edition; Oxford: Clarendon Press); also available in 2 nd revised edition, EGYPTOLOGY M 5 SCH, ISSUE DESK IOA SCH 10 Stevenson Smith, W. A History of Egyptian Sculpture and Painting in the Old Kingdom 1949 (London: Oxford University Press) EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS M 5 SMI Stevenson Smith, W. The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt (London: Yale 1998 University Press, 4 th edition) EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS K 5 SMI, INST ARCH SMI 10 (early chapters) And supplied reading for object analysis (supplied by Course Coordinator)