Phytoplankton monitoring from Earth Observation by Francis Gohin Ifremer/Dyneco/Pelagos

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Ethel Johnston
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1 Phytoplankton monitoring from Earth Observation by Francis Gohin Ifremer/Dyneco/Pelagos 0.0 ma m-3, 63.9 ma m Chloropliylle-a (my m-3) Ifremer

2 2 main in-situ monitoring networks in France -RESO M AR (INSU/CNRS) : RESeau des Stations et Observatoires MArins -REPHY (Ifremer): REseau d Observation et de Surveillance du PHYtoplancton et des Phycotoxines The REPHY is fully dedicated to the monitoring o f the phytoplankton REPHY sampling stations Observation and Monitoring Network fo r Phytoplankton and Phycotoxins r a p h y ( All phytoplankton species on 55 stations * - Geographical area : the whole coast of France + French overseas islands Implemented by Ifremer since 1984 Two objectives -Environmental : long term time-series of phytoplankton populations -Sanitary : monitoring of toxic phytoplankton # rm V% t - phytoplanhton - chtoropfiylf-a -temperature - salinity -turbidity -dissolved oxygen -nutrients f% Only dominant and harmful species on 93 oilier stations Time series 25 years on ~ 20 stations years on numerous stations

3 The annual cycle of Chlorophyll-a (indicator of the phytoplankton biomass) on the English Channel Contribution of Earth Observation to our knowledge of the phytoplankton development

4 Annual cycle of the chlorophyll concentration (from SeaWiFS/MODIS/MERIS )

5 Monitoring for the WFD (Water Framework Directive) Indicators of the Phytoplankton Quality for the Eutrophication risk Biomass (Chl-a), Abundance (number of blooms), Harmful blooms The quality indicator for the biomass is the percentile 90 o f the Chl-a during the productive period (March to October) High Good Moderate Poor Bad >40 Limits o f the P90 classes applied to the coastal water bodies fo r the Atlantic Coast

6 Observation from space and in-situ CHL MODIS P oint_3_srn Boulogne Point_4_SRN_Dunkerque PointJ _SRN_Dunkerque Wean P90 'MODIS' :16.21 Mean P90 Situ; 6.98 Correlation coef.: 0.90 Luc Cak'durg Highest values observed at Cabourg (Loire 1_uc sur mer).ouest-loscollo (Vilaine) SQ Cha Don F_w La 0 Stations in-situ I Masses d'eau And... Boulogne and Dunkerque î-toulon_gde_rade Bas Lovk, r values at Bastia P90 of Chl-a logarithmic scale.from; /0 1 to / 1 2 J i i 5 i i i i i I i in situ p90 of the p. season in mg.m"3 From : Atlas de la Température, de la concentration en Chlorophylle et de la Turbidité de surface du plateau continental français et de ses abords de l Ouest européen. Rapport DCSMM Ifremer janvier 2011 :

7 Comparisons at the MAREL instrumented buoy of Boulogne Chi derived from in-situ fluorescence and from satellite reflectance bo u ee_m a rel_ ca rn o t 70,0 I ^ C h l o r o p h y l l a (m g.rn ') o. i + M O D IS situ É M E R I S 1 2/1 0 02/11 04/11 06/11 O S /ll 10/11 M ean - a n d P In S itu fro m M a rch to N o v e m b e r 2011

8 But the best contribution of the satellite is clearly the spatial coverage P90 C h lo ro p h y ll-a p ro d u c tiv e p e r io d ( ) M O D IS -S eaw IFS OC5 IFR EM ER I INSITU. K IFREMER DYNECO Si C ER SAT B ertrand Saulqtnn & Francis G ohin P90 C h lo ro p h y ll-a p r o d u c tiv e p e r io d ( ) M O D I S - S e a W I F S O C 5 I F R E M E R / IN SI TU. Limits o f the WFD water bodies n IFREMERDYNECO js CERSAT Bertrand Sanlqw n i F rancs Cohni B i o m a s s i n d i c a t o r - " C h l o r o p h y l l - a " ( ) SA T ELL IT ES S e a W I F S MODIS OC5.

9 Several sensors have been used, here P90 of M ERIS-derived Chi at Full Resolution (300m) IÇgVLL-A - ME RIS_3Û0-2Û06_20I1 20.1

10 New P90 maps on marine regions are provided for the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive :Men er Roue.Ouest Loscolo France Point Saint Gildas Filère W La Carrelere ^ Le Cornard 'Boyard <0,1 0,2 Chlorophylle-a MODIS et in-situ (mg/m3) P H I I I l i l i I I II 0,5 1 1,2 1, >15 I I limite de la sous-région golfe de Gascogne limite des masses d'eau DCE projection Mercator (46 N) Sources des données : SHOM, IGN, ESRI, IFREMER ISECA final meeting Nausicaa June 30-Juty 1st 2014

11 Monitoring the biodiversity : satellite and in-situ observations P lanata n Prorocentrum triestinum C haetoceros total Lauderia + Schroederella M icropodiscus weissflogii Th a le sioai raceae S k e le to n em a Cerataulina bergonii C haetoceros total Skeletonema Thalassiosira + Porosira Dactyliosolen fragilissimus Thalassiosira + Porosira Ansc_de_Cartea u_2 Caba arc Ca he ure nile 'urg Chia in -s itu (m g /m 3) 1 * tk in v e o c J a r LLoscdIo n-situ data concerning the phytoplankton population are automatically displayed within the biomass background nation on May p://cersat.ifremer.fr/data/t -andices/quicklooks/oceanpoiour/fiora-over-frenchcoasts Cap b refon E stu a ire _ d e J_ O rn e Filier c _w H osseqor I Epe ron (terre) Le_Comard Le a _ 7 J lea Luc_1 -mille Mcn_c rj-tou e Mont_St_Michel N ord Dumet C u est-l o aco lo Ou istreham _1 mille Pa rc_leucate_2 Pori_Saint_Hubert Po rljen_beasin_1 mill e St Aubin lea_essa rts Tre beurden Verl_Bois_2 lesj-lebihens Station Anse_deo_Carteau_2+1 Ca bo urg-m I E p c ro n (tc rrc )+ l Lan-,'c o c J o r g e Men_e r_rou a Mont_St_Miahel N ord_dumet C uest-lascalo 0uistreham_1_mille leajheblhens Boyard Capbreton Lfelßomard Leo_7 J lea Luc_1 mille St Aubin _lea_essa rts Tre beurden Verl_Bois_2 Chia Satellite (m g /m 3 ) 0 5 /0 5 / Chlorophyll-a 0 5 / 0 5 / r n q /m -5

12 Monitoring of Harmful Algal Blooms (here Karenia mikimotoi) Example of the 2010 summer Bloom in the western channel 9 July 22 July m g / m - 3 The fisheries Department o f the states o f Guernsey is alerted on July 19th + 2 sea samples are collected and analysed by CEFAS >1 million de cells/l The bloom starts on the stratified area observed on the Sea Surface Temperature map o f July 9th -Sea Nurlace >, Temperature o July 9th Rapport MarCoast2 à 20ÏÏ DegC

13 Observations of the biodiversity and the Harmful Algal blooms 4 dinoflagellates are simultaneously blooming on August 2012 PHENOMER project o f partici science where part in the obse network o f red phenomer. org/ Karenia,Mikimotoi nutum \ Analysed Chi a 2Û12Û3Û1 (mq,m's) Lepidodinium :hlorophorum

14 Future in Earth Observation in Europe - Much is expected from OLCI on Sentinel-3 launched in 2015) a follow-on to MERIS (ESA/EUMETSAT) - Data will be provided by Copemicus/MyOcean (PML and ACRJ-ST for the Eastern Atlantic Ocean) Thanks for your attention!

Long-term Marine Monitoring in Willapa Bay. WA State Department of Ecology Marine Monitoring Program

Long-term Marine Monitoring in Willapa Bay WA State Department of Ecology Marine Monitoring Program Ecology s Marine Waters Monitoring Program Goal: establish and maintain baseline environmental data Characterize