Government Cloud Computing Applications

Transcription

1 Government Cloud Computing Applications Roger Smith HPTi Technology Forum March 19, 2010, Reston, VA

2 Outline Humor & Definitions Business Implications Technology & Architecture Systems Applications Simulation in the Cloud Additional Resources 2

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5 Cloud Computing A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted, virtualized, dynamically-scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms, and services are delivered d on demand d to external customers over the Internet. 1 Cloud Computing is a distributed computing paradigm that focuses on providing a wide range of users with distributed ib t d access to virtualized hardware and/or software infrastructure over the Internet. 1 I. Foster, Y. Zhau, R. Ioan, and S. Lu. Cloud Computing and Grid Computing : 360-Degree Compared. Grid Computing Environments Workshop, 2008.

6 Drivers for Cloud Computing Adoption Scalability Elasticity Virtualization Cost Mobility Collaboration Users have access to a large amount of resources that scale based on user demand. The environment transparently manages a user s resource utilization based on dynamically changing needs. Each user has a single view of the available resources, independently of how they are arranged in terms of physical devices. The pay-per-usage model allows an organization to only pay for the resources they need with basically no investment in the physical resources available in the cloud. There are no infrastructure maintenance or upgrade costs. Users have the ability to access data and applications from around the globe. Users are starting to see the cloud as a way to work simultaneously on common data and information.

7 Barriers for Cloud Computing Adoption Security Interoperability Control Performance Reliability The key concern is data privacy. Users do not have control of or know where their data is being stored. A universal set of standards and/or interfaces have not yet been defined, resulting in a significant risk of vendor lock-in. The amount of control that the user has over the cloud environment varies greatly between vendors. All access to the cloud is done via the internet, introducing latency into every communication between the user and the environment. Many existing cloud infrastructures leverage commodity hardware that is known to fail unexpectedly.

8 TANSTAAFL There Ain't No Such Thing As A Free Lunch. Robert Heinlein,

9 Business Implications 9

10 Big Players in the Cloud 10

11 Cloud Observations The great search tools available today are a direct result of easy access to data because the Web is already in the cloud Greg Badros, Google Engineering Director We never defined the Internet, and it became extremely successful. Geir Ramleth, Bechtel CIO 11

12 ZDnet s Vision of Growth 12

13 Controlling IT Costs In an honest picture, the two instances of variable Costs should not be shown as equal in size. Cloud: Larger or Smaller? 13

14 Animoto: Small Start-up Turn your photos into a slideshow with transitions and music. 14

15 Amazon Web Services Werner Vogels, CTO Amazon.com Storage (S3 & EBS) Computation (EC2) Bandwidth Database (SimpleDB) and others 15

16 Wall Street: Major IT User Where to perform computation ti and record keeping? Have taken all office space available Have maxed out electricity available Have hit ceiling on cost of space Solution Move daily operations into the cloud because they cannot build any more IT centers in the Wall Street area 16

17 Army G2: Military Cloud Build systems without t unnecessary barriers between customers, applications, and data. e.g. Location, Hardware, O/S, Networks Does not solve issues with data formats, incompatible APIs, and classification Note: This slide is intentionally vague because of the applications and users. 17

18 Commercial Cloud Companies 18

19 Technology Ubiquity vs. Advantage Customers Want Vendors Want Many Users 19

20 Transaction Costs, 1937 The Nature of the Firm (1937), Ronald Coase, Nobel Prize in Economics, 1991 Other things being equal, a firm will tend to be larger: the less the costs of organizing and the slower these costs rise with an increase in the transactions organized. the less likely the entrepreneur is to make mistakes and the smaller the increase in mistakes with an increase in the transactions organized. the greater the lowering (or the less the rise) in the supply ppy price of factors of production to firms of larger size. Technology changes that mitigate the cost of organizing transactions across space will cause firms to be larger the advent of the telephone and cheap air travel, for example, would be expected to increase the size of firms. Firms grow as long as the cost of adding additional internal capabilities is lower than the cost of purchasing from an outside supplier. 20

21 Fruit Restaurant Example Water Meat 21 Sewage

22 IBM Case Study New Development Software Costs Power Costs Labor Costs Hardware Costs New Development Opportunity Funds Deployment Software Costs Power Costs Labor Costs Hardware Costs Reduced Capital Expenditure Reduced Operations Expenditure Reduced Risk of Startup Less Idle Time More Efficient Use of Energy Accelerate Innovation Projects Enhanced Customer Service Business Case Results: Annual savings $3.3M 3M (84%) (from $3.9M to $0.6M) Payback Period: 73 days NPV: $7.5M IRR: 49% ROI: 103% 22

23 Bechtel IT Cost Evolution Geir Ramleth, CIO of Bechtel Measure IT Center Size and Efficiency: Original 1998 = 35,000 sq.ft. running at 2% efficiency Consolidated Server/IT Center 2002 = 20,000 sq.ft. running at 50% efficiency Virtualization of Servers 2008 = 1,000 sq.ft. running at 80% efficiency Cloud Computing 2010 = 0 sq.ft. running at 100% efficiency 23

24 Technology and Architecture 24

25 UC Berkeley View of Cloud Computing #1 Must-Read on the Subject Summary of Paper: 1. Illusion of infinite compute resources on demand 2. Ability to pay for resources as needed 3. New term for an old idea (utility, cluster, grid) 4. Top 10 obstacles to growth 25

26 Berkeley: Top 10 Obstacles to Growth (List from Feb 2009) 1. Availability of Service 2. Data Lock-in 3. Data Confidentiality & Auditability 4. Data Transfer Bottlenecks 5. Performance Unpredictability 6. Scalable Storage 7. Bugs in Large Distributed Systems 8. Scaling Quickly 9. Reputation Fate Sharing 10. Software Licensing 26

27 3 Cloud Service Models Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS) Use provider s applications over a network Hot Mail, Google Docs, Ghost.cc Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS) Deploy customer-created applications to a cloud Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Rent processing, storage, network capacity, and other fundamental computing resources Amazon ao Web ebservices cesado and Others es To be considered cloud they must be deployed on top of cloud infrastructure 27

28 Cloud Related Service Offerings Cloud Market Types Types of Offerings Examples Software-as-a- Service Application Components -as-a-service a Software Platform-as-a- Service Virtual Infrastructure-asa-Service Physical Infrastructure Rich Internet application web sites Application as Web Sites Collaboration and Office Productivity Client apps using cloud services APIs for specific service access for integration Web-based software service than can combine to create new services, as in a mashup Development-platform-as-a-service Database Message Queue App Servicer Blob or object data stores Virtual servers Logical disks VLAN networks Systems Management Managed Hosting Collocation Internet Service Provider Unmanaged hosting Flikr Myspace.com Cisco WebEx office Gmail IBM Bluehouse Amazon Flexible Payments Service and DevPay Salesforce.com s AppExchange Yahoo! Maps API Google Calendar API zembly Google App Engine and BigTable Microsoft SQL Server Data Services Engine Yard Salesforce.com s Force.com Akamai Amazon EC2 and S3 CohesiveFT Mosso (from Rackspace) Joyent Accelerators Nirvanix Storage Delivery Network GoDaddy.com Rackspace Savvis Adapted from Forrester Research Taxonomy Level of Abstraction 28

29 Examples of Cloud IaaS Environments Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) Provides users with a special virtual machine (AMI) that can be deployed and run on the EC2 infrastructure Amazon Simple Storage Solution (S3) Provides users with access to dynamically scalable storage resources IBM Computing on Demand (CoD) Provides users with access to highly configurable servers plus value-added added services such as data storage Microsoft Live Mesh Provides users with access to a distributed file system; targeted at individual use Microsoft Azure Services Platform Provides users with on-demand compute and storage services as well as a development platform based on Windows Azure

30 Examples of Cloud PaaS Environments Google App Engine Provides users a complete development stack and allows them to run their applications on Google s infrastructure Yahoo! Open Strategy (Y!OS) Provides users with a means of developing web applications on top of the existing Yahoo! platform, and in doing so leveraging g a significant portion of the Yahoo! resources Force.com From salesforce.com (SaaS leader), provides enterprise users a platform to build and run applications and components bought from AppExchange or custom applications Zoho Provides a large suite of web-based applications, mostly for enterprise use Akamai EdgePlatform Provides a large distributed computing platform on which organizations can deploy their web applications; large focus on analysis and monitoring

31 Government Cloud Computing Framework Cloud User Tools Core Cloud Services Citizen Engagement Wikis / Blogs Social Networking Agency Website Hosting Platform as a Service (PaaS) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Software as a Service (SaaS) / Applications Gov Productivity / IM Virtual Desktop Office Automation Database DBMS Testing Tools Directory Services Storage Gov Enterprise Apps Developer Tools Virtual Machines Business Svcs Apps Core Mission Apps Legacy Apps (Mainframes) Application Integration API s Workflow Engine EAI Mobile Device Integration Data Migration Tools User/ Admin Portal Customer / Account Mgmt User Profile Mgmt Order Mgmt Trouble Mgmt Billing / Invoice Tracking Reporting & Analytics Analytic Tools Data Mgmt Reporting Knowledge Mgmt Network Web Servers Server Hosting ETL Product Catalog Cloud Service Deliver ry Capabilities Service Mgmt & Provisioning Security & Data Privacy Data Center Facilities Service Performance DR / Operations SLA Mgmt Provisioning Monitoring Backup Mgmt Data/Network Security Routers / Firewalls Data Privacy LAN/WAN Certification & Compliance Internet Access Authentication & Authorization Hosting Centers Auditing & Accounting 31

32 GSA Deployment Model COMMUNITY CLOUD PRIVATE CLOUD Operated solely for an organization. Shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns HYBRID CLOUD PUBLIC CLOUD Made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services. Composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public)) that remain unique p q entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application pp p portability y

33 Cloud Definition Framework Hybrid Clouds Deployment Models Private Cloud Community Cloud Public Cloud Service Models Software as a Service (SaaS) Platform as a Service (PaaS) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Essential Characteristics On Demand Self-Service Broad Network Access Rapid Elasticity Resource Pooling Measured Service Massive Scale Resilient Computing Common Characteristics Homogeneity Virtualization Geographic Distribution Service Orientation Low Cost Software Advanced Security 33

34 System Applications 34

35 DISA Components for the Cloud Platform-As-A-Service (PaaS) Delivers a computing platform and/or solution stack as a service Facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers Infrastructure-As-A-Service A (IaaS) The delivery of computer IaaS, typically platform virtualization For example: Virtual desktops Grid computing Applications-As-A-Service (AaaS) /Software-As-A-Service (SaaS) Leverages the Cloud in software architecture Eliminates the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computer Type: Commercial Government Develops the SaaS Ecosphere Accelerates applications development Independent But Complementary Activities 35

36 RACE How it works 36

37 RACE Benefits Increased Speed 24 hour provisioning Online self service Credit card acquisition Increased Scalability Increase capacity ~ 24 hours Turn On / Turn Off monthly Capacity on demand Reduced Risk No capital $ needed DECC Infrastructure Develop under DoD IA standards Reduced Cost Pay only for what you need Month-to-month service No annual maintenance fees 37

38 DISA Vision of Services Plug-n-Fight Enterprise Tactical Content Delivery Network Device Clients Fixed Geo-redundant Data Centers SIPRNet Deployable Data Center Do for Computing what IP did for Networks Cloud = default background resource 38

39 Technical Questions You Should Ask (1) What is performance overhead? On individual CPU On system including data and program transfer What is cost gain From size efficiency; green location (rumor that Google has purchased the Niagara Falls including Canada!) Is Cloud Security adequate: can clouds be trusted? Can one can do parallel computing on clouds? Looking at capacity not capability i.e. lots of modest sized jobs Marine corps will use Petaflop machines they just need ssh and a.out 39

40 Technical Questions Your Should Ask (2) How is data compute affinity tackled in clouds? Co-locate data and compute clouds? Lots of optical fiber i.e. just move the data? What happens in clouds when demand for resources exceeds capacity is there a multi-day job input queue? Are there novel cloud scheduling issues? Do we want to link clouds (or ensembles as atomic clouds); if so how and with what protocols Is there an intranet cloud e.g. cloud in a box software to manage personal (cores on my future 128 core laptop) department or enterprise cloud? 40

41 Simulation in the Cloud 41

42 Evolving the Simulation Center 42

43 CONSTRUCTIVE VIRTUAL Cloud Server-side Virtual World Compute Power LIVE 43

44 Simulation in the Cloud NEW WORLD Soldier-centric Desktop Equipment Universal Access ENABLERS Massive Computation Global Networks Cloud Services g Distributed Management 44

45 Training Event Servers in the Cloud High Compute Power in Professionally Managed Centers Scalable to large exercises and large numbers of exercises On-demand access to resources Power to Model Finally put the Reality in Virtual Reality Tighter system connections reduces lag Server-side Computing for LVC Provide modeling for all types of exercises ercises and experiments Reduced sim-to-sim lag time Heterogeneous System-of-Systems Multi-site collaboration 45

46 Simulation as a Cloud Service Scalable Simulation Services provided to remote customers on the customers schedule Break the 1-to-1 relationship between equipment and events Light simulation client as an application on any military system Browser-based Generic Sim Engine & Tools Flexible Game Engine Evolving Services at the core Computation on Demand [Commercial SOA Diagram] 46

47 OneSAF vs. World of Warcraft World of Warcraft Visual Detail: 100X Algorithm Detail: 1X Heavy Client Demand OneSAF Visual Detail: 1X Algorithm Detail: 100X Heavy Server Demand 47

48 CloudSAF CONOPS Use Case 1 Many independent users within HPC environment User needs large scenario (necessitating ti HPC) but only Local Area Network needs to control a subset of entities System needs to provide local implementation (execution) of these entities for brief periods to support user interaction with minimal latencies Wide Area Network Use Case 2 Many users cooperatively involved in federation of SAFs within HPC environment. Each user needs to control a subset of entities Optimization in this case simpler than optimization of case 1 Tier 1: User s Local Device Tier 2: Virtualized Rack Tier 3: HPC

49 Resources for HPTi Much more details and support than we covered today. Additional Resources are Available at: Modelbenders.com Slideshare.net Search Cloud Computing 49