RESPONSE OF DOMINANT SPECIES IN COASTAL AND OCEANIC REGIONS IN PERU

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1 RESPONSE OF DOMINANT SPECIES IN COASTAL AND OCEANIC REGIONS IN PERU Miguel Ñiquen and Cecilia Peña APRIL

2 GOAL Compare responses of 2 dominant species in front of same climate signal Warming Conditions (El Nino) Environmental changes Cold Conditions (La Nina) Oceanic Coastal V A

3 STUDY AREA I. Galápagos 0 S South Equatorial Counter Current 10 S PERU Humboldt Current 20 S EASTERN PACIFIC OCEAN 30 S Engraulis ringens Vinciguerria lucetia Length size (cm) 100 O 90 O 80 O 70 O

4 KEY SPECIES: PERUVIAN ANCHOVY AND LIGHTFISH INSTITUTO DEL MAR DEL PERU SPECIES Vinciguerria lucetia Engraulis ringens Peruvian anchovy Longitudinal distribution Oceanic Coastal Vertical distribution Mesopelagic Epipelagic FEATURES Behaviour Growth rate Life span Feeding Schooling Fast Shorter Forage (zooplankton) Schooling Fast Short Forage (Fito y Zoo) Fat content Low High Fecundity High (summer) High (winter) Abundance High High

5 COMPOSITION OF EPIPELAGIC AND MESOPELAGIC FISHES (Austral spring cruises. BIC Humboldt ) OCEANIC (mesopelagic) COASTAL Cornejo and Koppelmanm, % 65% Myctophids Long nose anchovy Planctivorous fishes Jack mackerel Piscivorous fishes Pacific mackerel Abundance (gram/trawl min) Average catch (k)

6 SUMMER ACOUSTIC BIOMASS FLUCTUATION Biomass (Thousand of tons) Years Inverse relation

7 HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION INSTITUTO DEL MAR DEL PERU Cruise data

8 EGGS AND LARVAE DISTRIBUTION INSTITUTO DEL MAR DEL PERU 84 W 83 W 82 W 81 W 80 W 79 W 78 W 77 W 76 W 75 W 74 W 73 W 72 W 71 W 70 W 4 S 5 S 6 S 7 S 8 S 9 S 10 S 11 S 12 S 13 S 14 S 15 S 16 S 17 S 18 S Pta. Sal Talara Pto. Pizarro Paita Pta. Gobernador Pta. La Negra Mórrope Pimentel Chérrepe Chicama Salaverry Punta Chao Chimbote Casma Punta Lobos Huarmey Punta B ermejo Supe Huacho Pelagic Cruise Crucero Pelagico October December, 2003 Chancay Callao Distribución de Huevos y Larvas de Anchoveta y Vinciguerria Pucusana Cerro Azul Tambo de Mora Pisco Bahía Independencia Punta Infiernillos Punta Caballas San Juan Chala Larvas de Anchoveta Huevos de Anchoveta Eggs Larvas de Vinciguerria Larvae Huevos de Vinciguerria Eggs Larvae Atico OcoñaQuilca Mollendo 84 W 83 W 82 W 81 W 80 W 79 W 78 W 77 W 76 W 75 W 74 W 73 W 72 W 71 W 70 W Ilo 4 S 5 S 6 S 7 S 8 S 9 S 10 S 11 S 12 S 13 S 14 S 15 S 16 S 17 S 18 S

9 RESOURCE RESPONSE DURING CLIMATE EXTREME PHASES El Niño event (warm waters) La Niña event (cold waters) Cruise February - April, 1998 A (-) A (+) L (+) L (-) Vinciguerria lucetia Engraulis ringens Engraulis ringens

10 CHANGE OF ANCHOVY AND LIGHTFISH IN RELATED TO SALINITY 04 S 06 S Zorritos Cabo Blanco Paita Parachique Cruise February - April, Biomass (thousand tonnes) Pimentel 08 S Chicama Salaverry South latitude ( S) 10 S 12 S 14 S Chimbote Huarmey Huacho Callao Cerro Azul Pisco Bahía Independencia Valores ecointegrados (m 2 /mn 2 ) Low salinity UPS = S 18 S Sea Surface Salinity San Juan Atico Mollendo Ilo 04 S 06 S Zorritos Cabo Blanco Paita Parachique Cruise February - April, Biomass (thousand tonnes) Pimentel 08 S Chicama Salaverry High salinity UPS = South latitude ( S) 10 S 12 S 14 S 16 S 18 S SSS (ups) Sea Surface Salinity Chimbote Huarmey Huacho Callao Cerro Azul Pisco Bahía Independencia San Juan Atico Valores ecointegrados (m 2 /mn 2 ) 1 Mollendo Ilo

11 ACOUSTIC BIOMASS OF ANCHOVY AND LIGHTFISH ON PIMENTEL LINE 85 W 83 W 81 W 79 W 77 W 75 W 5 S Paita Pta. Gobernador Cruise May - July, S Pta. La Negra 7 S Mórrope Pimentel Chérrepe 7 S 6 Chicama Salaverry 9 S 4 5 Punta Chao Chimbote Casma 9 S 85 W 83 W 81 W 79 W 77 W 75 W Biomass and distribution

12 HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL BIOMASS OF ANCHOVY AND LIGHTFISH Biomass (tons) Vinciguerria lucetia Engraulis ringens Coastal distance (nm) Time (night hours) and others mesopelagics Depth (m) Continental shelf Coastal distance (nm) 500

13 VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION SIZE STRUCTURE OF ANCHOVY AND LIGHTFISH Time (night hours)) INSTITUTO DEL MAR DEL PERU Vinciguerria lucetia Engraulis ringens Coastal distance (nm) 50 SIZE ESTRUCTURE Number (%) Total length (cm)

14 CONCLUSIONS In Peruvian Upwelling Ecosystem, anchovy is the dominant (key) specie in the neritic system while lightfish in oceanic system. Both species shows analogous features that have allowed their dominance in their respective areas, but also exist biological differences associated with the inhabit area. has high reproduction in summer and anchovy in winter. Same climate signal affect in a opposite way the availability of these species in the ecosystem. Warrm conditions enhance the lightfish distribution while limiting anchovy distribution, inversely colder conditions reinforce the anchovy distribution. In this sense, Climate change is a key factor for increase Vinciguerria availability (or species related) and the possibility of future development of a new fishery.