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Beatrix Watkins
8 years ago
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1 Does crew resource management (CRM) training enhance or hinder acting under a disturbance situation? - experiences from the aviation and nuclear power fields

2 CRM Cockpit Resource Management Crew Resource Management BRM = Bridge Resource Management CRRM = Control Room Resource Management TRM = Team Resource Management (hospitals etc)

3 Similarities and Differences Humans work together for a common goal Communication the most essential component Procedures exist (?) () Hierarchy exist (?) Traditions differ Circumstances differ Educational standards differ

Procedures exist (?) () Hierarchy exist (?

4 Why CRM training? Individual performance tradition - Sea pilots, surgeons, captains In aviation: - the accident analysis indicated problems of this cultural l tradition i Training g as the solution? Other possible solutions selection, procedural practice?

5 Effectiveness? Not scientifically proven! Transfer to the work-place? Effect on what? Attitudes Behaviour Organizational culture

6 Indicators Observational methods Organizational parameters Safety statistics Questionnaire results Back to the expert opinions: Wide-spread approval in aviation. Back to the basic premises

7 Resource Management Premise: Everybody has resources => Communicational Skills are needed to create Situational Awareness Shared Mental Models Decisions

8 Resource Challenges Genuine decision-making situation = UCT U=Uncertainty C=Complexity T=Time

9 Increased safety systems Maritime radars ABS and other modern car protections Airbus airliners (PROTECTIONS) AUTOMATION (who is in control?) : new failure scenarios OBE (Overtaken By Events)

10 CRM training enhances or hinders action? CRM training tries to focus on communication, work distribution, leadership, stress management Its aim is to make people aware of their natural shortcomings and how to overcome them by efficient team performance

distribution, leadership, stress management Its aim is to make

11 Can good intentions work against us? = Devil's advocate view Loss of individual responsibility Loss of memory-based professional competence Loss of work satisfaction (heroic individual accomplishments) Erosion of leadership

12 Remember 3 x P P1 = Policy P2 = Procedures P3 = Practice

13 3XP leads to the safety culture If individualism is part and parcel of the safety culture of an organization the CRM is a threat (hospitals) If doing by-heart is a part of the professional ethos the CRM is a threat (maritime industry) If hierarchy is highly acclaimed the CRM is a threat (Oriental tradition)

by-heart is a part of the professional ethos the CRM is a threat (maritime

14 CRM training makes things worse If the safety culture is not in harmony with it If the (Company) policy does not support it from the top If it is introduced separately without integration to practice (procedures modified accordingly) If the training is badly designed without consideration to the specific requirements (e.g. from aviation to other industries without modifications) If it remains academic

practice (procedures modified accordingly) If the training is badly designed without consideration

15 Enhance performance by the CRM training; case airlines CRM = Crew, not Cockpit any more CRM => MCC in elementary training CRM refresher in every simulator session No separate CRM simulator Authority requires every 4 years a CRM theory refresher CRM has become a part of the safety culture

every simulator session No separate CRM simulator Authority requires

16 Enhance performance by the CRM training; case NPP CRRM Basic elements apply = Team, Leader, UCT, Procedures Shift Leader typically has come through the ranks = knows other's duties Normally the same people work together Communicational standards d (phrases) not fully developed Communicational practice variable Partial reliance on memory

other's duties Normally the same people work together Communicational standards d

17 Targets - NPP More standardization to the communication More reliance on the check-lists and other written material More active communication i to enhance the situational awareness

18 Essential The CRRM training to be an integrated part of the over-all training system and Consequently: The CRRM practice to become a natural every-day part of the work

19 CR(R)M and SMS Aviation and NPP SMS include many elements and a fully integrated t CRRM Practice is one of them The CR(R)M training should be required by authorities to make sure that the team performance is up to the safety standards The CR(R)M training should include both the elementary and refresher training sessions

authorities to make sure that the team performance is up to the safety standards

20 Finally a Warning When applying the CRM training element in any industry BEWARE The Checking Aspect The CRM training should be a learning experience in an open atmosphere!

21 Thank You

Maritime Resource Management

Maritime Resource Management John Garner, Fleet Director Interferry Conference Vancouver 7 th October 2014 Key issues in the Human Element - Safety culture - Just culture - Learning culture driving continuous