CONTENTS. Page (II) (I) (7. Summary of the Materialistic Conception of History) 41

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1 CONTENTS Page Preface THESES ON FEUERBACH. By Karl Marx FEUER BACH. OPPOSITION OF THE MATERIALISTIC AND IDEALISTIC OUTLOOK (Chapter I of The German Ideology). By Karl Marx ann Frederick Engels (I) 16 (1.) Ideology in General, German Ideology in Particular 17 (2. Premises of the Materialistic Conception of History) 19 [3. Production and Intercourse. Division of Labour and Forms of Property: Tribal, Ancient, Feudal) [4. The Essence of the Materialistic Conception of History. Social Being and Social Consciousness) 24 (II) 26 [1. Conditions of the Real Liberation of Man) 26 [2. Criticism of Feuerbach's Contemplative and Inconsistent Materialism) _ _ [3. Primary Historical Relationships, or the Basic Aspects of Social Activity: Production of the Means of Subsistence, Production of New Needs, Reproduction of People (the Family), Social Communication, Consciousness) _ [4. Social Division of Labour and Its Consequences: Private Property, the State, "Estrangement" of Social Activity) [5. Development of the Productive Forces as a Material Premise of Communism) [6. Conclusions from the Materialistic Conception of History: Continuity of the Historical Process, Transformation of History into World History, the Necessity of a Communist Revolution) 38 (7. Summary of the Materialistic Conception of History) 41 [8. Unfoundedness of the Former, Idealistic Conception of History, of German Post-Hegelian Philosophy in Particular)..... _ 43 [9. Additional Criticism of Feuerbach, of His Idealistic Conception of History) _.. _... 45

2 6 CONTENTS (III) 47 (1. The Ruling Class and Ruling Consciousness. Formation of Hegel's Conception of the Domination of the Spirit in History) 47 (IV) 51 (1. Instruments of Production and Forms of Property) 51 (2. The Division of Material and Mental Labour. Separation of Town and Country. The Guild-System) 52 [3. Further Division of Labour. Separation of Commerce and Industry. Division of Labour Between the Various Towns. Manufacture) 54 (4. The Most Complex Division of Labour. Big Industry) 60 (5. The Contradiction Between the Productive Forces and the Form of Intercourse as the Basis of a Social Revolution) 62 [6. Competition of Individuals and the Formation of Classes. Development of Contradictions Between Individuals and the Conditions of Their Life. The Illusory Community of Individuals in Bourgeois Society and the Real Unity of Individuals under Communism. The Subjugation of Society's Conditions of Life to the Power of United Individuals) 63 [7. Contradiction Between Individuals and the Conditions of Their Life as a Contradiction Between the Productive Forces and the Form of Intercourse. The Development of the Productive Forces and the Change of the Forms of Intercourse) 69 [8. The Role of Violence (Conquest) in History) 71 [9. The Development of Contradiction Between the Productive Forces and the Form of Intercourse in the Conditions of Big Industry and Free Competition. Antithesis Between Labour and Capital) 73 (lu. The Necessity, Conditions and Consequences of the Abolition of Private Property) 74 [11.) The Relation of State and Law to Property 76 [12. Forms of Social Consciousness) 79 PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNISM. By Frederick Engels 81 MANIFESTO OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY. By Karl Marx and Frederick Engels 98 Preface to the German Edition of Preface to the Russian Edition of Preface to the German Edition of By Frederick Engels 101 From the Preface to the German Edition of By Frederick Engels 102 Preface to the Polish Edition of By Frederick Engels 104 Preface to the Italian Edition of By Frederick Engels 106

3 CONTENTS 7 MA:'IIIFESTO OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY I. Bourgeois and Proletarians II. Proletarians and Communists III. Socialist and Communist Literature Reactionary Socialism 127 a. Feudal Socialism 127 b. Petty-Bourgeois Socialism 129 c. German, or "True", Socialism Conservative, or Bourgeois, Socialism Critical-Utopian Socialism and Communism 134 IV. Position of the Communists in Relation to the Various Existing Opposition Parties THE BOURGEOISIE AND THE COU:'IITER-REVOLUTION. Second Article. By Karl Marx WAGE LABOUR AND CAPITAL. By Karl lljarx Introduction by Frederick Engels WAGE LABOUR AND CAcPITAL..... ADDRESS OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE TO THE COMl\1UNIST LEAGUE. By Karl Marx and Frederick Engels U2 1+2 THE CLASS STRUGGLES IN FRANCE, 1848 TO By Karl Marx 186 Introduction by Frederick Engels THE CLASS STRUGGLES IN FRANCE, 1848 TO 1850 I. The Defeat of June 1848 II. June 13, 1849 III. Consequences of June 13, 1849 IV. The Abolition of Universal Suffrage in 1850 REVOLUTION AND COUNTER-REVOLUTION IN GERMANY. By Frederick Engels I. Germany at the Outbreak of the Revolution II. The Prussian State III. The Other German States IV. Austria V. The Vienna Insurrection VI. The Berlin Insurrection VII. The Frankfort National Assembly VIII. Poles, Tschechs and Germans. IX. Panslavism. The Schleswig-Holstein War X. The Paris Rising. The Frankfort Assembly XI. The Vienna Insurrection :

4 8 CONTENTS XII. The Storming of Vienna. The Betrayal of Vienna XIII. The Prussian Constituent Assembly. The National Assembly 359 XIV. The Restoration of Order. Diet and Chamber 363 XV. The Triumph of Prussia XVI. The National Assembly and the Governments XVII. Insurrection XVIII. Petty Traders. XIX. The Close of the Insurrection THE LATE TRIAL AT COLOGNE. By Frederick Engels THE EIGHTEENTH BRUMAIRE OF LOUIS BONAPARTE. By Karl Marx 394 Author's Preface to the Second Edition F. Engels's Preface to the Third German Edition 396 THE EIGHTEENTH BRUMAIRE OF LOUIS BONAPARTE 398 I. 398 II. 406 III. 417 IV. 431 V. 440 VI. 457 ~I. 4U THE BRITISH RULE IN INDIA. By Karl Marx 488 THE FUTURE RESULTS OF BRITISH RULE IN INDIA. By Karl Marx 494 SPEECH AT THE ANNIVERSARY OF THE PEOPLE'S PAPER. By Karl Marx PREFACE TO A CONTRIBUTION TO THE CRITIQUE OF POLITICAL ECONOMY. By Karl Marx KARL MARX, A CONTRIBUTIO,'V TO THE CRITIQUE OF POLITICAL ECONOMY. By Frederick Engels 507 I. 507 II. 510 LETTERS. By Karl Marx 517 Marx to P. V. Annenkov in Paris, December ~8, (1846) 517 Marx to J. Weydemeyer in New York, March 5, Marx to Engels in Manchester, April 16, Marx to Engels in Ryde, September 25,

5 CONTEl\TS Notes.. Name Index.... Index of Literary and Mythological."'ames Subject Index Portrait of Karl Marx (1867) Portrait of Frederick Engels (1877) ILLUSTRATIONS:

Group Members: Leslie-Ann Bolden, Michela Bowman, Sarah Kaufman, Danielle Jeanne Lindemann Selections from: The Marx-Engels Reader

Group Members: Leslie-Ann Bolden, Michela Bowman, Sarah Kaufman, Danielle Jeanne Lindemann Selections from: The Marx-Engels Reader Karl Marx s broad theoretical and political agenda is based upon a conception