The Economic and Real Estate Outlook. Kenneth T. Rosen
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1 The Economic and Real Estate Outlook Kenneth T. Rosen
2 Positives Private sector job growth Strong auto sales Very low interest rates, QE3 Global Monetary Easing Improvement of for-sale housing market / Price surge Energy independence Declining oil and gasoline prices Two year budget agreement Negatives Geopolitical events: ISIS (Iraq, Syria, Saudi Arabia), Ukraine, Gaza, Pakistan, Iran, North Korea, Libya Emerging market slowdown: China, Fragile Five, and numerous other countries Interest rate normalization Credit and asset bubble? Tax increases, entitlement explosion 2
3 Path to Recovery: 2014 and 2015 Moderate and Choppy Recovery 65% Double Dip 20% Strong Recovery 15% 3
4 U.S. Employment Growth Private Sector Thousands of Jobs Estimated job losses from peak to trough: -8,818, Recovery since February 2010: +10,034,000 Monthly Absolute Change Aug-13: +180,000 Sep-13: +153,000 Oct-13: +247,000 Nov-13: +272,000 Dec-13: +86,000 Jan-14: +166,000 Feb-14: +201,000 Mar-14: +200,000 Apr-14: +278,000 May-14: +228,000 Jun-14: +260,000 Jul-14: +213,000 Aug-14: +134, : 210,000 per month avg Latest data as of August 2014 Sources: BLS, RCG 4
5 Percent Job Losses in Post-WWII Recessions 1% % -1% -2% -3% -4% -5% -6% Great Recession -7% Number of Months After Peak Employment Sources: BLS, RCG 5
6 Unemployment and Underemployment Rates 20% Bachelor s Degree and Higher 3.2% Less Than High School 9.1% 15% Underemployment Rate Unemployment Rate 10%.0% 5% 6.1% 0% Latest data as of August 2014, seasonally adjusted Source: BLS 6
7 Federal Reserve Assets Trillions $5.0 $4.5 $4.0 $3.5 $3.0 $2.5 $2.0 $1.5 $1.0 $0.5 $ Latest data as of September 24, 2014 Sources: Federal Reserve, RCG 7
8 3-Month T-Bill vs. 10-Year T-Bond Artificially low 16% 14% % 10% 8% 6% 10-Year Yield Movement since Sept. 1, % 3.2% 3.0% 2.8% 2.6% 2.4% 2.2% Sep Nov Jan Mar May Jul Sep 4% 2% 0% Year 3-Month % 0.01% Latest data as of September 25, 2014; green lines are 2014 forecast Sources: Federal Reserve, RCG 8
9 10-Year TIPS Real Interest Rates Artificially low 1.0% Movement since Sept. 1, % 4% 3% 0.8% 0.6% 0.4% 0.2% 0.0% Sep Nov Jan Mar May Jul Sep 2% 1% 0.50% 0% -1% Latest data as of September 25, 2014 Source: Federal Reserve 9
10 10-Year T-Bond Spread vs. German 10-Year Government Bond Basis Points Latest data as of September 25, 2014 Sources: Federal Reserve, ECB, RCG 10
11 10 Year T-Bond Forecast 6% 5% 4% 3% 4.80% 3.73% 3.22% 2% 1% Forward Curve 4/25/2013 Forward Curve 9/25/2014 RCG Base 0% f 2015f 2016f 2017f 2018f f 2015f 2016f 2017f 2018f Forward Curve 4/25/ % 2.04% 2.37% 2.67% 2.93% 3.22% Forward Curve 9/25/ % 2.77% 3.25% 3.49% 3.63% 3.73% RCG Base 3.03% 3.30% 4.10% 4.80% 4.70% 4.80% Sources: Federal Reserve, RCG 11
12 U.S. Budget Deficit to GDP 5% 0% -5% -10% -15% Note: Latest data as of 2Q14; green line indicates 2014 forecast Sources: Office of Management and Budget, BEA, RCG
13 Consumer Confidence by Income Class Conference Board Survey Index 140 < $15,000 $15,000-$24, $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 0 > $50,000 >$5, Latest data as of August 2014, seasonally adjusted Source: The Conference Board 13
14 Consumer and Producer Prices Contained for the moment 18% 16% 14% % 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% -2% -4% CPI PPI 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% % -0.5% -1.0% A N F M A N F M A N F M A Latest data as of August 2014 Note: Annual figures from 2005 forward are December year-over-year data Source: BLS 14
15 Economic Outlook for 2014 and 2015 Moderate and Choppy Recovery (65%) Economic Growth GDP Growth: Employment Unemployment Rate: Employment Growth: Jobs Created: Interest Rates and Inflation T-Bill: T-Bond: CPI: Stock Market S&P 500: Dow Jones Industrials: f 2015f 2.8% 1.9% 2.3% 2.5% 7.8% 7.0% 5.9% 5.5% 1.7% 1.8% 2.0% 1.9% 2.2 mil. 2.4 mil. 2.7 mil. 2.6 mil. 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 1.2% 1.8% 3.0% 3.3% 4.1% 1.9% 1.2% 2.0% 2.8% 1,426 1,848 1,979 2,078 13,104 16,576 17,200 18,060 15
16 U.S. Employment Growth August 2014 vs. August 2013 Moderate and Choppy Recovery Growth Rate -1.9% to -5% -0.9% to 0% 0% to 0.9% 1% to 1.9% 2% to 4.9% Source: BLS, not seasonally-adjusted preliminary year-over-year growth rates 16
17 Change in Employment Ranked by Year-over-Year Percentage Change in Employment Data is seasonally adjusted as of August 2014 Sources: BLS, RCG Yr/Yr Growth August 2014 Absolute (000) Percent North Dakota % Houston % Austin % Orlando % Dallas % Miami % San Francisco % San Jose % Seattle % Inland Empire % San Diego % Minneapolis % Phoenix % Denver % New York % Oakland % Atlanta % Sacramento % U.S. Average (in mil.) % Los Angeles % Boston % Tampa % Orange County % Philadelphia % Chicago % Pittsburgh % Washington, D.C % Detroit % 17
18 Change in Employment Ranked by Jobs Recovered as a Percentage Change from Trough, August 2014 Jobs Recovery from Trough Absolute (000) Percent North Dakota % Austin % San Francisco % San Jose % Houston % Dallas % Orlando 6.3.9% Seattle % Denver % Miami % Oakland % Inland Empire % Phoenix % San Diego % Atlanta % Minneapolis % New York % Tampa % Orange County % Detroit % Los Angeles % Sacramento % Boston % U.S. Average (in mil.) % Chicago % Washington, D.C % Pittsburgh % Philadelphia % Data is seasonally adjusted as of August 2014 Sources: BLS, RCG 18
19 Commercial Real Estate Capital Markets
20 Current Conditions Little new construction, except for apartments Moderate demand recovery Libor life support but low absolute long-term rates are available High investment demand for stabilized properties; lower demand for broken deals Real estate still cheap compared to 10-year Treasuries Broken deals and deleveraging opportunities Mortgage restructuring opportunities 20
21 Cap Rates by Product Type % 11% 10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% Apartment Office Industrial Retail 3% Latest data as of 2Q14; ACLI, adjusted Sources: ACLI, RCG 21
22 Cap Rate Spreads vs. 10-Year Treasury Yield Basis Points Apartment Office Industrial Retail Latest data as of 2Q14; ACLI, adjusted Sources: ACLI, RCG 22
23 Investment Performance REITs vs. S&P 500 Index Total Return 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% -10% -20% -30% -40% -50% 92 37% 36% 37% 33% 36% 31% 33% 28% 28% 23% 20% 21% 15% 14% 15% % 16% % 8% 10% 11% 3% 5% 1% 4% % -3% 00-9% -% 02-22% % 08 4% -39% 29% 29% 26% -31% 10 18% 15% 16% 9% 0% 2% 14 30% 14% 10% Latest data as of September 24, 2014 Sources: S&P, Bloomberg, RCG DJ Wilshire REIT Index S&P 500 Index 23
24 REIT Valuation Premium / Discount to Underlying Asset Value 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2.0% -10% -20% -30% -40% -50% Latest data as of September 2014 Sources: Green Street Advisors, RCG 24
25 New Domestic Commercial Real Estate Debt Originations Billions $600 $500 $508 $400 $345 $406 $359 $393 $300 $244 $200 $181 $184 $100 $82 $119 $ f Sources: MBA, RCG 25
26 Domestic Commercial MBS Gross Amount Issued Billions $240 $228.5 $200 $160 $166.5 $198.4 $0 $80 $40 $0 $28.8 $17.2$17.5 $17.9 $14.0 $7.6 $40.4 $77.7 $58.5 $48.7 $67.3 $52.1 $77.8 $92.6 $.2 $11.6 $2.7 $32.7 $48.4 $86.1$ f Sources: Commercial Mortgage Alert, RCG 26
27 U.S. Investment Sales Volume Billions $600 $571.0 $500 $423.0 $400 $362.0 $360.0 $368.0 $300 $200 $100 $106.0 $130.0 $2.0 $174.0 $67.0 $147.0 $233.0 $299.0 $ Latest data through 2Q14, annualized Source: RCA 27
28 Real Estate Cycle Clock - Fundamentals United States Overshooting/ Demand Shortfall Phase Decline Phase 9 Equilibrium 3 Class C Malls 3:30 Multifamily Rental / Ltd. Service Hotels 7:30 Residential Land 7:00 Growth Phase Outlet Center / Single Family / Full Service Hotels / Resorts 6:30 6 Absorption Phase Power Center 4:00 Suburban Office 4:30 Neighborhood Strip 5:00 Extended Stay 5:30 CBD Office / Industrial / Class A Malls 6:00 28
29 Office Construction Value of Construction Put-in-Place Billions (2009$) $0 $110 $100 $90 $80 $70 $60 $50 $40 $30 $20 $10 $ Latest data as of 2Q14, seasonally adjusted annual rate Sources: Census, RCG 29
30 Office Employment Growth Annual Change Thousands of Jobs 2,000 1,500 Monthly Change in Employment (Thou.) Sep-13: +44 Dec-13: +9 Mar-14: +46 Jun-14: +96 Oct-13: +64 Jan-14: +46 Apr-14: +82 Jul-14: +49 Nov-13: +70 Feb-14: +85 May-14: +61 Aug-14: +52 1, ,000-1,500-2, Latest data as of August 2014 Sources: BLS, RCG 30
31 Office Availability Rates Downtown and Suburban 30% 25% 20% 16.8% 15% 10%.7% 5% 0% Downtown Suburban Latest data as of 2Q14 Sources: C&W, RCG 31
32 U.S. Downtown Office Rent Growth 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% -10% -15% -20% Latest data as of 2Q14 Sources: C&W, Grubb & Ellis, Various Local Brokers, RCG 32
33 Private Market Total Return (NCREIF) Office 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% -10% -15% -20% -25% %4.1% % -8.0% -11.4% % % 3.9% % 19.6%.2% 13.6% 14.1% 6.2% %5.7% 04.0% 19.2% 19.5% 20.5% % -19.1% % 13.8% 9.5% 10.3% 9.9% 14 Latest data as of 2Q14, year-over-year Sources: NCREIF, RCG 33
34 Renter Households Proportion of Total Households 38% 36% 34% 32% 30% Source: Census 34
35 Multifamily Rental Housing Starts Units (Thousands) f 15f 16f17f 18f Note: 2014 through 2018 data are forecasted Sources: Census, RCG 35
36 U.S. Rental Apartment Vacancy Rate (5+ Units) 14% % 10% 8% 6% 8.2% 4.4% % 2% 0% Census Vacancy Rate (5+ Units) MP/F Investment Grade Vacancy Rate Latest data as of 2Q14 Sources: Census, NMHC 36
37 Household Formation HH Formation (000s) 2,500 2, : 1.8 million 2008: 878, : 453, : 406, : 861,000 20: 1.2 million 2013: 1.4 million 1,500 1, Sources: Census, RCG 37
38 Young Adults Aged Living with Parents Millions Sources: Census, RCG 38
39 Employment Growth by Age Group Annual Change 4% 3% 2% 1% Years Years 0% -1% -2% -3% -4% -5% -6% Latest data as of August 2014; not seasonally adjusted Sources: BLS, RCG 39
40 U.S. Rental Inflation Annual % Change % 10% 8% 6% CPI Rental Component Professionally Managed Apartments 4% 2% 0% -2% -4% -6% Latest data as of 2Q14 Sources: BLS, NMHC 40
41 Year-over-year Change in Apartment Fundamentals, August 2014 Year-over-year Change in Year-over-year Change in Year-over-year Change in Revenue per Available Unit Occupancy Effective Rent Denver 10.1% 0.3% 9.7% Atlanta 8.8% 1.0% 7.6% San Francisco 7.1% 0.3% 6.7% Seattle 6.6% -0.1% 6.6% Las Vegas 6.4% 1.7% 4.4% Houston 5.9% 0.6% 5.2% Riverside 5.9% 0.7% 5.2% Phoenix 5.8% 0.7% 5.0% Los Angeles 5.6% 0.7% 4.8% Orlando 5.4% 0.5% 4.9% Dallas/Ft. Worth 5.1% 0.1% 5.0% Orange County 5.1% 1.0% 4.0% San Diego 5.0% 0.1% 4.9% Tampa 4.9% 0.8% 4.1% Austin 4.4% -0.1% 4.5% Chicago 3.7% 0.6% 3.1% Charlotte 3.3% -0.1% 3.4% Manhattan 3.0% 0.7% 2.2% Boston 2.7% 0.2% 2.5% Washington, D.C. 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Sources: Axiometrics and Bank of America Merrill Lynch, Miller Samuel, RCG 41
42 Private Market Total Return (NCREIF) Multifamily 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% -10% -15% 10.3% 8.8% 5.8% -1.4% 1.7% 21.2% 14.1%.1% 11.5%.9% 13.0% 13.0% 11.7% 11.7% 8.7% 9.4% 8.8% 8.9% 14.6% 11.4% -7.3% 18.2% 15.5% 11.2% 10.4% 9.9% -20% % Latest data as of 2Q14, year-over-year Sources: NCREIF, RCG 42
43 Retail Space Construction Value of Construction Put-in-Place Billions (2009$) $90 $80 $70 $60 $50 $40 $30 $20 $ Latest data as of 2Q14, seasonally adjusted annual rate Sources: Census, RCG 43
44 Real Retail Sales Growth Excluding Autos Annual % Change 10% 8% 6% 1.5% Nominal Monthly % Change 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% -0.5% -1.0% A N F M A N F M A N F M A % 2% 0% -2% -4% -6% -8% -10% Latest year-over-year change data as of 2Q14, monthly change is as of August 2014 Source: Census 44
45 Overall Comparable Store Sales vs. Luxury Store Sales Y-o-Y% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% -10% -15% -20% Overall Luxury 4Q: 1.3% 7.8% 1Q13: 1.7% 4.1% 2Q13: 3.0% 4.1% 3Q13: 2.4% 3.6% 4Q13: 1.0% 3.6% 1Q14: 1.0% 6.6% Overall Comparable Stores Luxury Latest data as of 1Q14; data excludes Wal-Mart, which stopped reporting monthly sales in May 2009 Source: ICSC 45
46 Retail Vacancy Rate 14% % 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% f Green line is forecast Sources: Valuation International, Viewpoint, SNL, RCG 46
47 Super-Stores and Internet Sales Cannibalization Percentage of total sales by retailer type 60% 50% 40% Grocery Stores 30% Department Stores % 10% 0% Warehouse Clubs and Super-Stores Internet Sales Latest data as of June 2014 Source: Census 47
48 Private Market Total Return (NCREIF) Retail 25% 23.0% 20% 15% 10% 5% 20.0% 17.1% 14.9% 13.7% 13.8% 13.5%.9%.5%.9% 13.4% 13.5%.6% 11.6% 8.5% 9.5% 7.8%6.7% 6.0% 6.0% 4.8% 4.9% 4.0% 0% -5% -1.9%-2.2% -4.1% -10% -15% % Latest data as of 2Q14, year-over-year Sources: NCREIF, RCG 48
49 Hotel Construction Value of Construction Put-in-Place Billions (2009$) $40 $35 $30 $25 $20 $15 $10 $5 $ Latest data as of 2Q14, seasonally adjusted annual rate Sources: Census, RCG 49
50 Hotel Occupancy Rate 70% 65% 60% 65.5% 65.2% 65.7% 64.5% 63.7% 64.0% 63.2% 62.3% 62.4% 60.9% 62.0% 63.7% 63.3% 61.3% 59.8% 59.2% 59.2% 63.4% 63.1% 63.2% 60.4% 63.3% 62.3% 61.4% 59.9% 57.5% 55% 54.5% % 50% 45% 40% f Latest data year-to-date as of December 2013; 2014 data are forecasted Sources: Smith Travel Research, RCG 50
51 RevPAR Growth Annual % Change 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% -10% -15% -20% Latest data year-to-date as of August 2014 Sources: Smith Travel Research, RCG 51
52 Hotel Performance by Market Segment August 2014, year-over-year Segment Occupancy RevPAR Luxury UP 1.2% UP 8.8% Upper Upscale UP 2.3% UP 8.5% Upscale UP 3.5% UP 9.4% Midscale with F&B UP 3.9% UP 8.9% Midscale without F&B UP 4.9% UP 9.5% Economy UP 4.0% UP 9.4% Total U.S. Industry UP 3.8% UP 9.4% Note: Data is year-over-year as of August 2014; measured against August 2013 Source: Smith Travel Research 52
53 Industrial Warehouse Construction Value of Construction Put-in-Place Billions (2009$) $40 $35 $30 $25 $20 $15 $10 $5 $ Latest data as of 2Q14, seasonally adjusted annual rate Sources: Census, RCG 53
54 U.S. TEU Growth Annual % Change 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% -10% -15% -20% 6.1% 4.8% 9.6% 9.0% 8.0% 1.2% 8.5% 8.5% 6.7%7.0% % 6.6% 11.0% 6.5% 8.6% 5.8% 1.3% -5.7% -17.0% % 2.9% 2.9% 2.3% 0.7% Latest data is year-over-year estimate as of August 2014 Sources: AAPA, PortTracker 54
55 Industrial Vacancy Rate % 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 2010: 10.3% 2011: 9.2% 20: 8.3% 2013: 7.5% 1Q14: 7.4% 2Q14: 7.2% 2014f: 6.9% % Latest data as of 2Q14; Green line is forecast Sources: CBRE, C&W, RCG 55
56 Private Market Total Return (NCREIF) Industrial 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% -10% 9.9% 8.7% 2.0% -3.9%-4.5% -0.8% 15.9% 15.9% 13.6% 14.0%.3% 11.6%.1% 9.3% 8.2% 7.6% 6.7% 20.3% 17.0% 14.9% -5.8% 15.2%.7%.6% 11.2% 9.4% -15% -20% % Latest data as of 2Q14, year-over-year Sources: NCREIF, RCG 56
57 Investment Implications Core Real Estate Buy high quality REITs on a substantial dip (10-20%) Buy Office, Medical Office, Industrial, Apartments, Senior Housing, Data Centers & Retail at 5% - 7% or above cap rates, 80% replacement costs or below Monetize mature core assets if cap rate is below 4% by sale or like-kind trade or refinance Lock in low debt costs with assumable debt Short long term treasuries Short China high-end residential real estate Short Euro 57
58 Investment Implications Value-Add Debt for transitional assets Buy vacancy in strategic markets Reposition assets for upgraded use Buy distressed assets from European lenders Mezzanine debt to fill capital gap Development deals Apartments Adaptive re-use Opportunistic Single family land / housing Select office and industrial development Grocery-anchored real estate development 58
59 Rosen Consulting
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