Interfacing Fire Alarm, Sprinkler and Elevator Systems

Transcription

1 Webinar Series: Interfacing Fire Alarm, Sprinkler and Elevator Systems Bruce Fraser Fraser Fire Protection Services Become an 1

2 Agenda: Elevator Recall and Power Shut-down Historical Perspective Where we are today, code-wise Look at specific code sections Discuss some of the issues Where we appear to be headed 2

3 ASME A17.1 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators Provides requirements for operational sequences for: - Phase 1 - Emergency Recall Operation - Power Shutdown - Shunt Trip Operation 3

4 ASME A17.1 Phase I - Emergency Recall Operation The operation of an elevator wherein it is automatically or manually recalled to a specific landing and removed from normal service because of activation of firefighters service 4

5 ASME A17.1 Power Shutdown (shunt trip) Mainline elevator power is disconnected from the elevator to eliminate potential problems as a result of sprinkler actuation in the hoistway or elevator machine room 5

6 Elevator Recall: Historical Perspective 1973 ASME A17.1b (supplement to the 1971 Code) Purpose: Prevent people from using elevators Allow firefighters to account for elevators Stage equipment (hose lines, air tanks, etc.) Evacuate occupants with mobility restrictions Prevent cars from being called to the fire floor 6

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8 Elevator Recall: Historical Perspective Identified Designated Level Both Manual and Automatic Recall Key Switch (only by firefighters) Smoke Detectors in Lobbies Travel of 25 above or below designated level 1981 introduced the Alternate Level 8

9 Elevator Recall: Historical Perspective 1984 introduced only lobby and machine room detectors were to initiate recall A17.1 referred users to NFPA 72E, Automatic Fire Detectors NFPA first mentions A17.1 requirements in 1987 edition of NFPA 72A, Installation, Maintenance and use of Local Protective Signaling Systems Elevator Recall for Firefighters Service 9

10 Elevator Recall: Historical Perspective Two elevator zone circuits now required to be terminated at the associated elevator controller In 1989, A17.1 required smoke detectors in hoistways only when hoistways had sprinklers A17.1b, 1992 Supplement drops the 25 ft. criterion now applies to all automatic elevators regardless of travel distance 10

11 Elevator Recall: Historical Perspective 1993 edition of NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code addressed cases where there was no required building fire alarm system Elevator Recall and Supervisory Panel 1996 edition of NFPA 72 introduced other fire detection as being permissible if environment was not appropriate for a smoke detector. 11

12 Elevator Recall: Historical Perspective A third control circuit was added to provide a warning of fire in the hoistway or elevator machine room The 2000 A17.1 was harmonized with the Canadian B44 Elevator Safety Standard NFPA 72 [2002] and A17.1 [2004] now both address new technology elevators machine room-less elevators 12

13 Elevator Shunt Trip: Historical Perspective First introduced in ASME A Purpose: Remove main-line power prior to sprinkler activation Prevent elevators from moving/operating dangerously Note: the requirement does not include circuits for ventilation, in-car lights and communication, pit receptacles and lights, etc. 13

14 Recall & Shunt Trip: Historical Perspective A17.1 applies to all new elevator installations A17.3 (where adopted) applies to existing elevators A17.3 re: Firefighters Service Firefighters Service Elevators shall conform to the requirements of ASME/ANSI A Rules through (see Appendix C) unless at the time of installation or alteration it was required to comply with a later edition of A

15 Applicable Codes Elevator & Escalator Safety Code ASME/ANSI A17.1/B44 Building Codes and NFPA 101 NFPA 13 NFPA 70 NFPA 72 15

16 Applicable Codes Elevator & Escalator Safety Code ASME/ANSI A17.1/B44 Building Codes and NFPA 101 NFPA 13 NFPA 70 NFPA 72 15

17 Applicable Codes Elevator & Escalator Safety Code ASME/ANSI A17.1/B44 Building Codes and NFPA 101 NFPA 13 NFPA 70 NFPA 72 15

18 Out of Sync Codes ASME A Year Cycle with Yearly Addenda A A17.1a A17.1S A A17.1a A17.1b A

19 Out of Sync Codes ASME A Year Cycle with Yearly Addenda A A17.1a A17.1S A A17.1a A17.1b NFPA 72 and NFPA 13 3 Year Cycle 2002, 2007, 2010 etc. A

20 Confusion? 17

21 Confusion? Can t find all the information in one place! Must use A17.1, NFPA 72 and NFPA 13 together! 17

22 Here s where to find them! 18

23 ASME A Section 2.27 Emergency Operation and Signaling Devices Phase I Emergency Recall Operation by Fire Alarm Initiating Devices 19

24 ASME A Section 2.27 Emergency Operation and Signaling Devices Phase I Emergency Recall Operation by Fire Alarm Initiating Devices Note: Section 2.27 applies to Electric Elevators and section 3.27 applies to Hydraulic Elevators section 3.27 says refer to

25 ASME A Section 2.8 Equipment in Hoistways, Machinery Spaces, Machine Rooms, Control Spaces and Control Rooms (Shunt Trip / Power Disconnect requirement) 20

26 NFPA Protected Premises Fire Safety Functions Emergency Elevator Operations Emergency elevator operations shall meet the requirements of Sections 21.3, 21.4, 21.5, and

27 NFPA Chapter 21 Emergency Control Functions and Interfaces 21.3* Elevator Recall for Firefighters Service 21.4 Elevator Shutdown 21.5 First Responders Use Elevators 21.6 Elevators for Occupant-Controlled Evacuation 22

28 NFPA Chapter 8 Installation Requirements 8.15 Special Situations Elevator Hoistways and Machine Rooms. 23

29 Simplified Traction Elevator System Elevator Machine Room Alternate Level Designated Level 24

30 Simplified Hydraulic Elevator System Heat Detector Smoke Detector Sprinkler Detector Operation Recall to Alternate Level Recall to Designated Level Flash FF Helmet in Car (warning) Power Disconnect (shunt trip) Alternate Level Designated Level 1 Elevator Machine Room

31 Machine room-less Elevators Alternate Level Designated Level 26

32 Machine room-less Elevators 27

33 Machine room-less Elevators 27

34 Machine room-less Elevators 27

35 Machine room-less Elevators 27

36 A break for Questions? 28

37 ASME A In jurisdictions not enforcing the NBCC, fire alarm initiating devices used to initiate Phase I Emergency Recall Operation shall be installed in conformance with the requirements of NFPA 72, and shall be located (a) at each floor served by the elevator (b) in the associated elevator machine room, machinery space containing a motor controller or electric driving machine, control space, or control room (c) in the elevator hoistway, when sprinklers are located in those hoistways. 29

38 NFPA Elevator Recall for Firefighters Service Smoke detectors shall not be installed in unsprinklered elevator hoistways unless they are installed to activate the elevator hoistway smoke relief equipment. 30

39 NFPA * Elevator Recall for Firefighter s Service If ambient conditions prohibit installation of automatic smoke detection, other automatic fire detection shall be permitted. 31

40 NFPA Smoke-Sensing Fire Detectors * Unless specifically designed and listed for the expected conditions, smoke detectors shall not be installed if any of the following ambient conditions exist: (1) Temperature below 32 F (2) Temperature above 100 F (3) Relative humidity above 93 percent (4) Air velocity greater than 300 ft/min 32

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42 NFPA Elevator Recall for Firefighters Service All initiating devices used to initiate firefighters service recall, shall be connected to the building fire alarm system. 34

43 NFPA Elevator Recall for Firefighters Service * In facilities without a building fire alarm system, initiating devices used to initiate firefighters service recall shall be connected to a dedicated function fire alarm system control unit that shall be designated as elevator recall control and supervisory control unit, permanently identified on the dedicated function fire alarm control unit and on the record drawings. 35

44 NFPA Elevator Recall for Firefighters Service Unless otherwise required by the authority having jurisdiction, only the elevator lobby, elevator hoistway, and the elevator machine room smoke detectors shall be used to recall elevators for firefighters service. 36

45 NFPA Elevator Recall for Firefighters Service * A lobby smoke detector shall be located on the ceiling within 21 ft. of the centerline of each elevator door within the elevator bank under control of the detector. 37

46 Smoke Detector Location 38

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48 NFPA Elevator Recall for Firefighters Service * A lobby smoke detector shall be located on the ceiling within 21 ft. of the centerline of each elevator door within the elevator bank under control of the detector. 40

49 NFPA Elevator Recall for Firefighters Service * A lobby smoke detector shall be located on the ceiling within 21 ft. of the centerline of each elevator door within the elevator bank under control of the detector. Exception: For lobby ceiling configurations exceeding 15 ft in height or that are other than flat and smooth, detector locations shall be determined in accordance with Chapter

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55 NFPA Location and Spacing * If the intent is to initiate action when smoke/fire threatens a specific object or space, the detector shall be permitted to be installed in close proximity to that object or space. 45

56 NFPA A There are some applications that do not require full area protection, but do require detection to initiate action when specific objects or spaces are threatened by smoke or fire such as at elevator landings that have ceilings in excess of 15 ft. and for protection of fire alarm control units. In high ceiling areas, to achieve the desired initiation such as for elevator recall and protection of FACUs, detection should be placed on the wall above and within 60 in. from the top of the elevator door(s) or FACU. 46

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63 NFPA Elevator Recall for Firefighters Service Actuation from the elevator hoistway, elevator machine room, elevator machinery space, elevator control space, or elevator control room smoke detectors shall cause separate and distinct visible annunciation at the building fire alarm control unit and at required annunciators to alert fire fighters and other emergency personnel that the elevators are no longer safe to use. 53

64 ASME A Phase I Emergency Recall Operation by Fire Alarm Initiating Devices When a fire alarm initiating device in the machine room, control space, control room or hoistway initiates Phase 1 Emergency Recall Operation, the visual signal shall illuminate intermittently only in a car(s) with equipment in that machine room, control space, control room or hoistway. 54

65 ASME A Firefighters Emergency Operation - Automatic Elevators FIG (h) Visual Signal or When flashing, exit elevator 55

66 NFPA Designated Level Recall. For each elevator or group of elevators, an output shall be provided to signal elevator recall to the designated level in response to the following: 56

67 NFPA Designated Level Recall. For each elevator or group of elevators, an output shall be provided to signal elevator recall to the designated level in response to the following: (1) Activation of smoke detectors located at any elevator lobby served by the elevator(s) other than the lobby at the designated level. 56

68 NFPA Designated Level Recall. Cont d. (2) Activation of smoke detectors located at any elevator machine room, elevator machinery space, elevator control space, or elevator control room serving the elevator(s) except where such room or spaces are located at the designated level. 57

69 NFPA Designated Level Recall. Cont d. (2) Activation of smoke detectors located at any elevator machine room, elevator machinery space, elevator control space, or elevator control room serving the elevator(s) except where such room or spaces are located at the designated level. (3) Activation of smoke detectors located in the elevator hoistway serving the elevator when sprinklers are located in the elevator hoistway unless otherwise specified in (3). 57

70 NFPA Alternate Level Recall. For each elevator or group of elevators, an output shall be provided to signal elevator recall to the alternate level in response to the following: 58

71 NFPA Alternate Level Recall. For each elevator or group of elevators, an output shall be provided to signal elevator recall to the alternate level in response to the following: (1) Activation of smoke detectors located at the designated lobby served by the elevator(s). 58

72 NFPA Alternate Level Recall. Cont d. (2) Activation of smoke detectors located in the elevator machine room, elevator machinery space, elevator control space, or elevator control room serving the elevator(s) if such rooms or spaces are located at the designated level. 59

73 NFPA Alternate Level Recall. Cont d. (2) Activation of smoke detectors located in the elevator machine room, elevator machinery space, elevator control space, or elevator control room serving the elevator(s) if such rooms or spaces are located at the designated level. (3)* Activation of initiating devices identified in (3) if they are installed at or below the lowest level of recall in the elevator hoistway and the alternate level is located above the designated level. 59

74 NFPA Elevator Recall for Firefighters Service * Visual Warning. For each elevator or group of elevators, an output(s) shall be provided for the elevator visual warning signal in response to the following: (1) Activation of the elevator machine room, elevator machinery space, elevator control space, or elevator control room initiating devices identified in (2) Activation of the elevator hoistway initiating devices identified in 60

75 Pictorial Representation of Signals from Fire Alarm System to Elevator Controller Fire Alarm System Elevator Controller 2 Recall to Designated Level Elevator Lobby Detectors Elevator Machine Room Detector(s) 3 1 Warning to Elevator Cab Recall to Alternate Level Elevator Lobby Detector at Designated Level Elevator Hoistway Detector(s) Activation of smoke detector(s) causes signal(s) to elevator controller 61

76 Pictorial Representation of Signals from Fire Alarm System to Elevator Controller Fire Alarm System Elevator Controller 2 Recall to Designated Level Elevator Lobby Detectors Elevator Machine Room Detector(s) 3 1 Warning to Elevator Cab Recall to Alternate Level Elevator Lobby Detector at Designated Level Elevator Hoistway Detector(s) Activation of smoke detector(s) causes signal(s) to elevator controller 61

77 Pictorial Representation of Signals from Fire Alarm System to Elevator Controller Fire Alarm System Elevator Controller 2 Recall to Designated Level Elevator Lobby Detectors Elevator Machine Room Detector(s) 3 1 Warning to Elevator Cab Recall to Alternate Level Elevator Lobby Detector at Designated Level Elevator Hoistway Detector(s) Activation of smoke detector(s) causes signal(s) to elevator controller 61

78 Pictorial Representation of Signals from Fire Alarm System to Elevator Controller Fire Alarm System Elevator Controller 2 Recall to Designated Level Elevator Lobby Detectors Elevator Machine Room Detector(s) 3 1 Warning to Elevator Cab Recall to Alternate Level Elevator Lobby Detector at Designated Level Elevator Hoistway Detector(s) Activation of smoke detector(s) causes signal(s) to elevator controller 61

79 Fire Alarm System / Elevator Controller Relationship Elevator Controller Elevator Hoistway Smoke Detector(s) Elevator Machine Room Smoke Detector(s) Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector 5th Floor S R 1 R 2 R 3 EOL EOL EOL Elevator Machine Room Heat Detector(s) Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector 4th Floor S Elevator Hoistway Heat Detector(s) Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector 3rd Floor S Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector 2nd Floor (Alternate Level) S Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector Ground Floor (Designated Level) S SCC 1 actuation causes recall to alternate level SCC 2 actuation causes recall to designated level SCC 3 actuation causes flashing of warning signal Conventional or Addressable Zone / Circuit Module Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector Basement S S Fire Alarm Control Unit 62

80 NFPA Chapter 21 - Emergency Control Functions and Interfaces * A listed relay or other listed appliance connected to the fire alarm system used to initiate control of protected premises emergency control functions shall be located within 3 ft of the controlled circuit or appliance The relay or other appliance shall function within the voltage and current limitations of the fire alarm control unit. 63

81 NFPA Chapter 21 - Emergency Control Functions and Interfaces The installation wiring between the fire alarm control unit and the relay or other appliance shall be Class A, Class B, Class D, or Class X in accordance with Chapter

82 Addressable Control Relays 65

83 Addressable Control Relays 66

84 A break for Questions? 67

85 NFPA Elevator Hoistways and Machine Rooms * Upright, pendent, or sidewall spray sprinklers shall be installed at the top of elevator hoistways The sprinkler required at the top of the elevator hoistway by shall not be required where the hoistway for passenger elevators is noncombustible or limited combustible and the car enclosure materials meet the requirements of ASME A

86 NFPA Elevator Hoistways and Machine Rooms Sprinklers shall be installed at the top and bottom of elevators that utilize polyurethane-coated steel belts or other similar combustible belt material. 69

87 NFPA Elevator Hoistways and Machine Rooms Sprinklers shall be installed at the top and bottom of elevators that utilize polyurethane-coated steel belts or other similar combustible belt material. 69

88 NFPA Elevator Hoistways and Machine Rooms Sprinklers shall be installed at the top and bottom of elevators that utilize polyurethane-coated steel belts or other similar combustible belt material. 69

89 NFPA Elevator Hoistways and Machine Rooms * Sidewall spray sprinklers shall be installed at the bottom of each elevator hoistway not more than 2 ft above the floor of the pit The sprinkler required at the bottom of the elevator hoistway by shall not be required for enclosed, noncombustible elevator shafts that do not contain combustible hydraulic fluids. 70

90 ASME A Equipment in Hoistway and Machine Rooms means shall be provided to automatically disconnect the main line power supply to the affected elevator upon or prior to the application of water from the sprinklers located in the machine room or in the hoistway more than 24 in. above the pit floor. 71

91 ASME A Equipment in Hoistways and Machinery Spaces, Machine Rooms, Control Spaces, and Control Rooms In jurisdictions not enforcing the NBCC, where elevator equipment is located or its enclosure is configured such that application of water from sprinklers could cause unsafe elevator operation, means shall be provided to automatically disconnect the main line power supply to the affected elevator and any other power supplies used to move the elevator upon or prior to the application of water. 72

92 NFPA Elevator Shutdown * Where heat detectors are used to shut down elevator power prior to sprinkler operation, the detector shall have both a lower temperature rating and a higher sensitivity as compared to the sprinkler. 73

93 Recommendation: [Example] Use 165 o F, ordinary temperature rated sprinkler. Use 135 o F, thermistor-based heat detector. Or maintain a similar relationship based on ambient temperatures Note: Sprinklers in elevator machine rooms and hoistways must be of ordinary or intermediate temperature rating. (NFPA 13 [2010], ) 74

94 NFPA Elevator Shutdown * If heat detectors are used to shut down elevator power prior to sprinkler operation, they shall be placed within 24 in. of each sprinkler head and be installed in accordance with the requirements of Chapter

95 NFPA Elevator Shutdown * If heat detectors are used to shut down elevator power prior to sprinkler operation, they shall be placed within 24 in. of each sprinkler head and be installed in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 17. Alternatively, engineering methods, such as specified in Annex B, shall be permitted to be used to select and place heat detectors to ensure response prior to any sprinkler head operation under a variety of fire growth rate scenarios. 76

96 NFPA Elevator Shutdown * If pressure or waterflow switches are used to shut down elevator power immediately upon or prior to the discharge of water from sprinklers, the use of devices with time-delay switches or time-delay capability shall not be permitted. 77

97 NFPA Elevator Shutdown The initiating devices described in (HD) and (WFS) shall be monitored for integrity by the control unit required in Section and

98 Background: Water from sprinklers in the hoistway and elevator machine room presents a hazard to safe elevator operation: Shorts on circuit conductors - Uncontrolled and dangerous elevator operation Wet brakes (traction elevators) - Uncontrolled stopping 79

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100 Shunt Trip Operation (theoretical) Smoke detector actuates, initiating elevator recall Elevators arrive at the recall floor and open doors Heat buildup causes heat detector to actuate Shunt trip operates, removing power from the elevator Sprinkler operates 81

101 Concern: Potential of passengers becoming entrapped in the elevator if a heat detector or waterflow switch actuates (to cause shunt trip ) prior to the completion of the recall function! 82

102 Sprinkler/Power Shutdown Concerns: A17.1 Task Group addressed Shunt Trip and Sprinklers Hazard Analysis was performed Concern of over-temperature of elevator controller Equipment stops Equipment runs erratically / uncontrollably Concern water from sprinklers may cause: Braking Failure Shorting out of an electrical safety or control circuit Equipment runs erratically / uncontrollably 83

103 Sprinkler/Power Shutdown Concerns: A17.1 Task Group Recommendations: Exempt sprinklers from being installed in elevator machine rooms and the top of the hoistway If sprinklers are installed in elevator machine rooms and/ or the top of the hoistway, then the delay of the release of water from sprinklers will be required so recall can be completed first. the delay strategy 84

104 NFPA Elevator Shutdown A Upon activation of the heat detector used for elevator power shut down, there should be a delay in the activation of the power shunt trip. This delay should be the time that it takes the elevator cab to travel from the top of the hoistway to the lowest recall level. 85

105 Shunt Trip Operation - Delay Strategy Smoke Detector Recall Heat Detector Recall X Time Delay Shunt Trip Open Valve (Pre-action or Other) Pre-action or Other Listed Valve Sprinkler(s) Release Water 86

106 Shunt Trip Operation - Delay Strategy Smoke Detector Recall Heat Detector Recall X Time Delay Shunt Trip Elevator Arrival Open Valve (Pre-action or Other) Pre-action or Other Listed Valve Sprinkler(s) Release Water 86

107 Shunt Trip Operation - Delay Strategy Either: Pre-Action Sprinkler System Fail-Safe Sprinkler Valve 87

108 Shunt Trip Operation - Delay Strategy Sprinkler Valve Electrically operated 24 VDC from Fire Alarm System Normally energized Held closed Fails open Underwriters Laboratories (UL) UL429, "Electrically Operated Valves" 88

109 Shunt Trip Operation - Delay Strategy Sprinkler Valve Electrically operated 24 VDC from Fire Alarm System Normally energized Held closed Fails open Underwriters Laboratories (UL) UL429, "Electrically Operated Valves" 88

110 Fire Alarm System / Elevator Controller Relationship Elevator Controller Elevator Hoistway Smoke Detector(s) Elevator Machine Room Smoke Detector(s) Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector 5th Floor S R 1 R 2 R 3 EOL EOL EOL Elevator Machine Room Heat Detector(s) Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector 4th Floor S Shunt Trip Breaker Elevator Hoistway Heat Detector(s) Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector 3rd Floor S R 4 EOL Hot Neut 120 VAC Circuit (Power to Operate Shunt Trip Breaker) From Emergency Power Source Conditions Sprinkler Release Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector 2nd Floor (Alternate Level) Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector Ground Floor (Designated Level) S S SCC 1 actuation causes recall to alternate level SCC 2 actuation causes recall to designated level SCC 3 actuation causes flashing of warning signal SCC 4 actuation causes disconnect of main line elevator power actuation causes sprinkler valve to open Conventional or Addressable Zone / Circuit Module SCC 5 Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector Basement S S Fire Alarm Control Unit 89

111 Fire Alarm System / Elevator Controller Relationship Elevator Controller Elevator Hoistway Smoke Detector(s) Elevator Machine Room Smoke Detector(s) Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector 5th Floor S R 1 R 2 R 3 EOL EOL EOL Elevator Machine Room Heat Detector(s) Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector 4th Floor S Shunt Trip Breaker Elevator Hoistway Heat Detector(s) Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector 3rd Floor S R 4 EOL Hot Neut 120 VAC Circuit (Power to Operate Shunt Trip Breaker) From Emergency Power Source Simultaneously Conditions Sprinkler Release Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector 2nd Floor (Alternate Level) Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector Ground Floor (Designated Level) S S SCC 1 actuation causes recall to alternate level SCC 2 actuation causes recall to designated level SCC 3 actuation causes flashing of warning signal SCC 4 actuation causes disconnect of main line elevator power actuation causes sprinkler valve to open Conventional or Addressable Zone / Circuit Module SCC 5 Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector Basement S S Fire Alarm Control Unit 89

112 NFPA Elevator Shutdown * Control circuits to shut down elevator power shall be monitored for presence of operating voltage. Loss of voltage to the control circuit for the disconnecting means shall cause a supervisory signal to be indicated at the control unit and required remote annunciators. 90

113 Fire Alarm System / Elevator Controller Relationship Elevator Controller Elevator Hoistway Smoke Detector(s) Elevator Machine Room Smoke Detector(s) Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector 5th Floor S R 1 R 2 R 3 EOL EOL EOL Elevator Machine Room Heat Detector(s) Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector 4th Floor S Shunt Trip Breaker Elevator Hoistway Heat Detector(s) Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector 3rd Floor S R 4 EOL Hot Neut 120 VAC Circuit (Power to Operate Shunt Trip Breaker) From Emergency Power Source R 5 * EOL *relay R5 contacts shown in deenergized position Conditions Sprinkler Release Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector 2nd Floor (Alternate Level) Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector Ground Floor (Designated Level) S S SCC 1 actuation causes recall to alternate level SCC 2 actuation causes recall to designated level SCC 3 actuation causes flashing of warning signal SCC 4 actuation causes disconnect of main line elevator power IDC 1 (Supervisory) actuation causes supervisory signal SCC 5 actuation causes sprinkler valve to open Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector Basement S Fire Alarm Control Panel Conventional or Addressable Zone / Circuit Module S 91

114 Fire Alarm System / Elevator Controller Relationship Elevator Controller Elevator Hoistway Smoke Detector(s) Elevator Machine Room Smoke Detector(s) Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector 5th Floor S R 1 R 2 R 3 EOL EOL EOL Elevator Machine Room Heat Detector(s) Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector 4th Floor S Shunt Trip Breaker Elevator Hoistway Heat Detector(s) Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector 3rd Floor S R 4 EOL Hot Neut 120 VAC Circuit (Power to Operate Shunt Trip Breaker) From Emergency Power Source R 5 * EOL *relay R5 contacts shown in deenergized position Conditions Sprinkler Release Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector 2nd Floor (Alternate Level) Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector Ground Floor (Designated Level) S S SCC 1 actuation causes recall to alternate level SCC 2 actuation causes recall to designated level SCC 3 actuation causes flashing of warning signal SCC 4 actuation causes disconnect of main line elevator power IDC 1 (Supervisory) actuation causes supervisory signal SCC 5 actuation causes sprinkler valve to open Elevator Lobby Smoke Detector Basement S Fire Alarm Control Panel Conventional or Addressable Zone / Circuit Module S 91

115 A break for 92

116 A break for Questions? 92

117 Ongoing Industry Effort 93

118 Background: Emergency egress and evacuation strategies for high-rise structures re-examined for tall buildings as a result of September 11, 2001 attack on the WTC 94

119 Background: Workshop on the Use of Elevators in Fires and other Emergencies (Atlanta March 2-4, 2004) Co-sponsored by ASME, NIST, ICC, NFPA, IAFF, and the US Access Board Representation from a cross section of industry 20 Fire service representatives funded by NIST and FEMA 95

120 Workshop Program: Focus: Use of Elevators by Firefighters Use of Elevators by Occupants During Emergencies Goal: to develop proposals that can be submitted to various code writing organizations 96

121 Process: ASME took lead on the hazard analysis 2 Task groups Occupant Use - to evaluate the use of elevators for egress in emergencies what can be done to decrease egress time Firefighter Use to evaluate use of elevators by firefighters during fire operations what can be done to mitigate existing hazards 97

122 Workshop : Consistent Themes - Concerns: Culture change since 9-11 total evacuation Elevators are not a substitute for stairs Evacuation of mobility impaired people Lack of firefighter confidence in using elevators Elevator reliability issues Water entering hoistways 98

123 Workshop : Consistent Themes - Concerns: Rescue of passengers Shunt trip entrapment Loss of elevator power from elsewhere in the building Retraining occupants to use elevators (in some buildings) Cost concerns Not enough information for occupants to make an informed decision 99

124 Workshop : Consistent Themes - Recommendations: Mandatory adoption of ASME A17.3 everywhere Ensure reliability of Phase I, Phase II operation Better training on elevator operation for firefighters Regular testing by qualified (certified?) personnel Building Emergency Action Plan enforcement 100

125 Workshop : Consistent Themes - Recommendations: Sprinkler all buildings Compartmented/pressurized lobbies/vestibules Area of Refuge / Rescue Assistance Better real time communications to occupants Better real time communications to firefighters Elevator technician respond to building emergencies 101

126 Workshop : Consistent Themes - Process: Utilize Hazard Analysis Involve firefighters in decisions Involve appropriate committees and organizations (A17-B44, IBC, NFPA, Access Board, etc.) 102

127 Process: Hazard Analysis (not a risk analysis) Develop scenarios Identify hazards Mitigate the hazard Identify residual hazards Mitigate the residual hazards 103

128 Residual hazard 104

129 Residual hazard 104

130 Recommendations: Robust Fire Service Elevators Provides greater protection allowing the elevator to continue to operate for the firefighters during their operations. Protection from water Protection from smoke and heat Direct access to protected lobby and stairwell containing standpipe Protection of primary and backup power supplies 105

131 Recommendations: Occupant Evacuation Operation [OEO] Scalable: OEO can be applied to one or more elevators in the building but is not necessarily required on all elevators. Allows elevators to be used for evacuation until they are recalled. Routing of elevators Cancel all pre-existing calls Respond only to hall calls at affected floors As the fire grows to include more floors, the zone of affected floors would also increase 106

132 Recommendations: Provide protected elevator lobbies Dynamic signage at elevator lobbies Early warning detection 2-hour fire rating for elevator power feeders Remote control operation of elevators for firefighter use (shuttle equipment, etc.) 107

133 Current Status: 108

134 Current Status: Proceeding at GLACIAL SPEED 108

135 A Edition (has been released) NFPA Edition (has been released) Elevator Use in Fires and Other Emergencies For Occupants For Firefighters Hazard Analysis almost finished NFPA and ICC jumping the gun NFPA 101 and IBC 109

136 NFPA First Responders Use Elevators The conditions monitored and displayed shall include, but are not limited to the following: (various temperatures, availability of emergency power, elevator location and status, etc.) The conditions shall be displayed on a standard emergency services interface complying with Section

137 NFPA Elevators for Occupant-Controlled Evacuation 21.6 talks about required status indicators (red and green) and signage for the use of these elevators, however this is really premature For instance, the current thinking of the task group is that these status indicators and signage will be provided by the elevator provider. 111

138 Response to current construction demand Different terms used occupant-controlled evacuation elevator evacuation operation occupant evacuation elevators NFPA 101 Annex B in mandatory language so can be adopted as needed Conference in Orlando, FL - 12/2010 Provide status report 112

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140 Stay tuned! 113

141 Stay tuned! Questions? 113

142 Thank You for Attending: Interfacing Fire Alarm, Sprinkler and Elevator Systems Bruce Fraser Fraser Fire Protection Services Become an 114