CAPITALISM, SOCIALISM AND DEMOCRACY

Transcription

1 CAPITALISM, SOCIALISM AND DEMOCRACY When Joseph Schumpeter s book first appeared, the New English Weekly predicted that for the next five to ten years it will certainly remain a work with which no one who professes any degree of information on sociology or economics can afford to be unacquainted. The prophecy has been justified, but how much more fully than its maker anticipated. A generation later, it is more widely read than when it first appeared. The mixed economy has become established in North America as well as in the countries of the European Community, while in the socialist countries there has been a move towards various forms of decentralisation and of a market economy. In this new context the issues that Schumpeter raises are still matters of lively debate.

2 CAPITALISM, SOCIALISM AND DEMOCRACY Downloaded by [ ] at 14:56 26 February 2017 Joseph A.Schumpeter INTRODUCTION BY RICHARD SWEDBERG Stockholm University London and New York

3 First published in the USA This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-library, Downloaded by [ ] at 14:56 26 February 2017 First published in the UK in 1943 First impression 1944 Second edition 1947 Third edition 1950 First impression 1952 Fourth edition 1954 Eighth impression 1974 Fifth edition 1976 Third impression 1981 New in paperback 1994 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN Master e-book ISBN ISBN (Adobe ereader Format) ISBN (Print Edition)

4 CONTENTS Downloaded by [ ] at 14:56 26 February 2017 PART PART Introduction by Richard Swedberg I: THE MARXIAN DOCTRINE Prologue I. Marx the Prophet II. Marx the Sociologist III. Marx the Economist IV. Marx the Teacher II: CAN CAPITALISM SURVIVE? Prologue V. The Rate of Increase of Total Output VI. Plausible Capitalism VII. The Process of Creative Destruction VIII. Monopolistic Practices IX. Closed Season X. The Vanishing of Investment Opportunity XI. The Civilization of Capitalism XII. Crumbling Walls I. The Obsolescence of the Entrepreneurial Function II. The Destruction of the Protecting Strata III. The Destruction of the Institutional Framework of Capitalist Society XIII. Growing Hostility I. The Social Atmosphere of Capitalism II. The Sociology of the Intellectual XIV. Decomposition PART III: CAN SOCIALISM WORK? XV. Clearing Decks XVI. The Socialist Blueprint XVII. Comparison of Blueprints I. A Preliminary Point II. A Discussion of Comparative Efficiency III. The Case for the Superiority of the Socialist Blueprint

5 Downloaded by [ ] at 14:56 26 February 2017 XVIII. The Human Element A Warning I. The Historical Relativity of the Argument II. About Demigods and Archangels III. The Problem of Bureaucratic Management IV. Saving and Discipline V. Authoritarian Discipline in Socialism; a Lesson from Russia XIX. Transition I. Two Different Problems Distinguished II. Socialization in a State of Maturity III. Socialization in a State of Immaturity IV. Socialist Policy Before the Act; the English Example PART IV: SOCIALISM AND DEMOCRACY XX. The Setting of the Problem I. The Dictatorship of the Proletariat II. The Record of Socialist Parties III. A Mental Experiment IV. In Search of a Definition XXI. The Classical Doctrine of Democracy I. The Common Good and the Will of the People II. The Will of the People and Individual Volition III. Human Nature in Politics IV. Reasons for the Survival of the Classical Doctrine XXII. Another Theory of Democracy I. Competition for Political Leadership II. The Principle Applied XXIII. The Inference I. Some Implications of the Preceding Analysis II. Conditions for the Success of the Democratic Method III. Democracy in the Socialist Order PART V: A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF SOCIALIST PARTIES Prologue XXIV. The Nonage XXV. The Situation that Marx Faced XXVI. From 1875 to 1914 I. English Developments and the Spirit of Fabianism II. Sweden on the One Hand and Russia on the Other III. Socialist Groups in the United States

6 Downloaded by [ ] at 14:56 26 February 2017 IV. The French Case; Analysis of Syndicalism V. The German Party and Revisionism; the Austrian Socialists VI. The Second International XXVII. From the First to the Second World War I. The Gran Rifiuto II. The Effects of the First World War on the Chances of the Socialist Parties of Europe III. Communism and the Russian Element IV. Administering Capitalism? V. The Present War and the Future of Socialist Parties XXVIII. The Consequences of the Second World War I. England and Orthodox Socialism II. Economic Possibilities in the United States 1. Redistribution of Income through Taxation 2. The Great Possibility 3. Conditions for Its Realization 4. Transitional Problems 5. The Stagnationist Thesis 6. Conclusion III. Russian Imperialism and Communism PREFACES AND COMMENTS ON LATER DEVELOPMENTS Preface to the First Edition, 1942 Preface to the Second Edition, 1946 Preface to the Third Edition, 1949 The March into Socialism