FREQUENTLY!ASKED!LEGAL! QUESTIONS!!!! A!MANUAL!FOR!OREGON S!! DOMESTIC!AND!SEXUAL!VIOLENCE!! ADVOCATES!!!!
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1 FREQUENTLYASKEDLEGAL QUESTIONS AMANUALFOROREGON S DOMESTICANDSEXUALVIOLENCE ADVOCATES OREGONCOALITIONAGAINSTDOMESTICANDSEXUALVIOLENCE 1737NEALBERTASTREET,SUITE205 PORTLAND,OREGON "230"1951
2 Thismanualisnotasubstituteforlegaladvice.Itisdesignedtoserveasageneral referenceguide,andtoprovideinformationonissuesfrequentlyaffectingoregon s sexualanddomesticviolenceprogramsaswellasthesurvivorsandotherprogram participantstheyserve. Nothinginthismanualshouldbeconstruedorrelieduponaslegaladvice.Ifyou, your organization or a participant in your program needs legal advice, please consultanattorney. The information provided here is current as of October Because laws and regulationsaresubjecttochange,youshouldconfirm thattheinformation inthe manualiscurrentbeforeyourelyonitdefinitivelyforanypurpose. TheOregonCoalitionAgainstDomesticandSexualViolence(OCADSV)isnotliable foranydirect,indirect,special,incidental,orconsequentialdamagesarisingoutof theuseofthematerialinthismanual. ANoteonTerminology:Inthismanual,weusetheterms participant, survivor, and victim interchangeably.werecognize,however,thataprogramparticipant mightbesomeoneotherthanthesurvivor(e.g.,thevictim sparent,partner,child, etc.).wherethisdistinctionissignificant,werelyonthetermsvictimandsurvivor. Wealsorecognizethat,whilethedatatellusthatwomenaretheoverwhelming majorityofvictimsandmostperpetratorsaremen,bothwomenandmenmaybe victimsand/orperpetratorsofdomesticviolence,sexualassault,stalkingand datingviolence.moreover,theseformsofviolenceoccurinallrelationships, regardlessofsexualorientationorpreference,orgenderidentity. ThisprojectwasfundedbytheOfficeonViolenceAgainstWomenRecoveryActGrant2009"EU"S6"0064. Theopinions,findings,conclusions,andrecommendationsexpressedinthispublicationaretheviewsofthe OregonCoalitionAgainstDomesticandSexualViolence,anddonotnecessarilyreflecttheofficialpositionor policiesoftheofficeonviolenceagainstwomenortheu.s.departmentofjustice. 2
3 TABLEOFCONTENTS Introduction.. 8 ChapterI.ProtectingSurvivorConfidentiality:Considerationsand Limitations A.ConsiderationsforanAgencyConfidentialityPolicy 9 B.ReleasesofInformation.. 10 C.OtherConfidentialityRequirementsUnderVAWA...15 D.Privilegedvs.ConfidentialCommunications. 16 E.SubpoenasandCourtOrders 17 F.MandatoryReportingRequirementsforAdvocates 28 G.OtherConfidentialityConsiderations.. 33 ChapterII.ProtectionOrders A.FAPARestrainingOrderstoPreventAbuse 1.Introduction Definitions PrerequisitesforObtainingaFAPAOrder ProcessforObtainingaFAPAOrder AfteraContestedHearing WheretoFindtheFAPAApplication&RelatedForms44 B.StalkingOrders 1.Introduction 45 2.Definitions PrerequisitesforObtainingaStalkingOrder. 46 3
4 4.ProcessforObtainingaStalkingOrder WheretoFindStalkingOrderandRelatedForms. 51 C.ProtectionOrdersforOlderAdultsandAdultswithDisabilities:The ElderlyPersonsandPersonswithDisabilitiesProtectionAct(EPPDAPA) 1.Introduction 51 2.Definitions 51 3.PrerequisitesforObtaininganEPPDAPAOrder ProcessforObtaininganEPPDAPAOrder AfteranEPPDAPAOrderisIssued WheretoFindEPPDAPAandAccompanyingForms 59 ChapterIII.DisabilityandMedicalAccommodations A.AssistanceAnimals.. 60 B.MedicalMarijuana 64 ChapterIV.FamilyLaw A."#$%&'()*%+,-.&/ 66 B.Custody 67 1.Introduction Definitions ParentingPlan GeneralCustodyQuestions 69 5.LimitationsonChangingResidence
5 C.MediationinFamilyLawCases 74 ChapterV.Minors Rights A.EmancipatedMinors.. 78 B.RightsofUnemancipatedMinors. 84 C.Appendix. 85 ChapterVI.Victim"andSurvivor"SpecificProtectionsinOregon A.CrimeVictims RightsandCompensation 87 1.Introduction Rights Compensation Appendix.. 96 B.RentalAgreementConsiderationsSpecifictoSurvivors SampleForms C.OregonVictimsofCertainCrimesWorkplaceLeaveAct 113 D.Oregon saddressconfidentialityprogram ChapterVII.AdvocatingforImmigrantandNon"citizenSurvivors A.Introduction B.GeneralConcernsforImmigrantSurvivors InitialSafetyConcerns FinancialConcerns AdvocatingforImmigrantSurvivorsinOregon C.ImmigrationRemediesAvailableUnderVAWA
6 1.OverviewofVAWA VAWASelf"Petitions BatteredSpouseorChildWaivers D.U"VisasforCrimeSurvivors WhatisaU"Visa? WhoisEligibleforaU"Visa? BenefitsoftheU"Visa HowtoApplyforaU"Visa D.T"VisaforTraffickingVictims WhatisaT"Visa? WhoisEligibleforaT"Visa? BenefitsoftheT"Visa HowtoApplyforaT"Visa 153 E.AsylumStatus WhatisAsylum? WhoisEligibleforAsylum? BenefitsofAsylum HowtoapplyforAsylum F.Appendix ChapterVIII.OverviewofStateandFederalDomesticViolence(DV), SexualAssault(SA)andStalkingLaws A.OregonCivilProtectionsforSurvivors B.OregonCriminalLawsRelatedtoDV,SA,andStalking
7 1.DomesticViolence SexualAssault Stalking. 169 C.CrimeVictims RightsinOregon D.FederalCivilProtectionsforSurvivors E.FederalCrimesRelatedtoDV,SA,andStalking F.FederalCrimeVictims RightsandRemedies. 176 Endnotes
8 Introduction ThismanualisapublicationoftheOregonCoalitionAgainstDomesticandSexual Violence( OCADSV orthe Coalition ).Itwascreatedtohelpmeetadvocates needforastatewidereferenceandresourcetoaddresscommonlyaskedlegal questions.thismanualincludesquestionssubmittedtothecoalitionbyservice providersfromacrossthestate.thequestionswereresearchedandtheanswers werecraftedbyanattorneyworkingwithateamoflawstudents. Theinformationinthismanualisnotlegaladviceandshouldnotbeappliedto specificcircumstances.ifyouneedcasespecificlegaladvice,consultwithan attorney. Whatifyoudon tseeyourquestioninthismanual? Mostofthequestionssubmittedtothemanualdonotappearexactlyastheywere submitted.ifyousubmittedaquestionanddon tseeithere,theanswertoyour questionislikelycontainedwithintheanswertoasimilarorrelatedquestion.if youhaveadditionalquestions,weinviteyoutocontacttheoregoncoalition AgainstDomesticandSexualViolence. 8
9 CHAPTERI.ProtectingSurvivorConfidentiality: ConsiderationsandLimitations Confidentialityisacornerstoneofsuccessfuladvocacy.Survivorsrelyonadvocacy programstoguardandprotecttheirprivateinformation;itiskeytotheirsenseof safetyandautonomy.confidentialityisalsokeytoprograms abilitytobuildtrust withintheircommunity,andtobearesourceforfutureandpotentialparticipants inneed. InOregon,however,domesticviolence(DV)andsexualassault(SA)providers cannotguaranteethatalloftheinformationtheyholdaboutaprogramparticipant willremainabsolutelyconfidential.inpart,thisisbecauseoregondoesnothave advocateprivilege.asaresult,certaininformationmayhavetobereleased pursuanttoacourtorder(oramandatoryreportinglaw). Thischapterconsidershowprogramscanmaximizeconfidentialityforprogram participantsandidentifiessomeconfidentialitylimitationsbasedonsubpoenas, mandatoryreportingrequirements,andthelackofadvocateprivilegeinoregon. A.ConsiderationsforanAgencyConfidentialityPolicy Ouragencydoesn thaveacomprehensiveconfidentialitypolicy.whatshould suchapolicycontain? Anagencyshouldhaveconfidentialitypoliciesforbothstaffandparticipants. StaffPolicy:Anagencyshouldhaveanemployeeconfidentialitypolicythatcovers andissignedby""agencystaff,volunteers,contractors,boardmembers,and otherindividualswhomayhaveaccesstoparticipants personalinformation.the employeepolicyshouldexplainwhat personallyidentifyinginformation is,whyit maynottobeshared,andthesanctionsforviolatingtheagency spolicy,including potentialliabilityunderfederallaw. Youmayalsowantthestaffpolicytoaddress:(1)individuals useofhome computersandwhatisrequiredtoprotecttheconfidentialityofsurvivorand 9
10 programinformation;and(2)internalprotocolstopreventdisclosureof participants confidentialinformationprogramfromonestaffpersontoanother especiallyimportantifthelatterismandatedtoreportabuse. Participants Policy:Aseparateconfidentialitypolicyandagreementshouldbein placetoinformparticipantswhether,howandtowhatextenttheagencywillkeep theirpersonalinformationprivate.thepolicyshouldexplain,insimpleterms,what informationtheorganizationisrequiredtoreportunderstateorfederallawand whatinformationshallremainconfidential.thisshouldincludeasummaryof whatstepstheagencywilltakeifaparticipant srecordsaresubpoenaed. AtemplatefordraftinganOregon"specificconfidentialitypolicycanbedownloaded attheocadsvwebsite: materialsdevelopedbyjuliefieldinpartnershipwithnnedv ssafetynet Project.) 1 Thetemplateisintendedtoserveasastartingpointfordevelopingyour ownagency sconfidentialitypoliciesincludingrespondingtosubpoenasand warrants,reportingchild,elderandvulnerableadultabuseandneglect,andthe governingstateandfederallaws. B.ReleasesofInformation Beforeasurvivorsharespersonalinformationwithaprogramorprovider,the survivorshouldbeadvised:whohasaccesstothesurvivor sinformationonceitin theprogram spossession,andwhy;whatwillhappenwiththeinformation disclosed;andwithwhom,why(andunderwhatcircumstances)thesurvivor s informationwillbesharedwithoutthesurvivor swrittenandinformedconsent. Thisincludestellingsurvivorsattheoutsetwhetheranyoftheprovidersare mandatoryreportersofchildorelderabuse,orabuseofadultswithdisabilities, andtheprogram sprotocolforrespondingtoasubpoenaforrecordsororal testimony. Awrittenreleaseisrequiredanytimeaparticipant spersonalinformationwillbe sharedoutsideoftheconfidentialrelationship.beforeasurvivorisaskedtosigna releaseofinformation,discusstheconsequencesofsigningtherelease,including anyattendantrisksorbenefits,whetherit spossibletogetthebenefitsought 0 1,2"34/ "4.5:;<:=(;<*#()#(*:>%&/-(#&?(&@#77#%5/%.:.?/.5::#7/&#A</( /-(/(@?*./(B 10
11 withoutsigningarelease,andwhethersigningthereleasewaivesanyprivilege. Thesurvivorshouldbetoldwhatinformationwillbereleased,forwhatpurpose, andhow,whenandwithwhomitwillbeshared.thesurvivorshouldalsobetold howtorevoketherelease. Releasesmustbeinwriting.Ifareleaseisgivenorallyintherareemergency situation,thesurvivor sidentitymustbeverifiedandshemustsignthewritten releaseassoonaspossible. Releasesmustbereasonablytime"limited.Whatisa reasonabletime is determinedbythecircumstances,basedonthesurvivor sneeds.theshorter,the better.releasescanalwaysbesignedlaterandextendedforadditionaltimeorto addotherpurposesorparties. Isitnecessarytocompleteanewreleaseanytimeadifferentpersonneedstobe contactedatoneagencyoranytimeanewpieceofinformationneedstobe exchanged? Yes,ifthepersonoragencytowhomtheindividual sinformationisbeingreleased orthespecificpieceofinformationtobesharedwasnotincludedintheoriginal releaseofinformationthesurvivorsigned,aneworupdatedreleaseofinformation formmustbeexecuted.advocatesmayshareonlythespecificinformation authorizedinthereleaseform.informationrevealedafterthereleasewassigned orthatwasnotauthorizedintheoriginalreleasemaynotbedisclosed.whilethis placesanadditionalburdenonadvocatesandprograms,thesestepsprotectbotha programparticipant spersonalinformationandhelpensurethesurvivorismaking asinformedadecisionaspossibleregardingthepotentialconsequencesof disclosingtheadditionalinformation. 11
12 Isitnecessarytohaveanexpirationdateonthereleaseofinformationform? Yes.TheViolenceAgainstWomenAct(VAWA)requiresreleasestobetime"limited. Thereleasecanbereaffirmedandextendedifthesurvivor:(1)confirmsthatitis stillvalid;and(2)authorizesanewexpirationdate.theextension,too,shouldbe reasonablytime"limited. Whatistheproperlengthoftimeforareleasetobevalid? VAWArequiresreleasestobe reasonablytime"limited. Whetheratimelimitis reasonable shouldbedeterminedbythepurposeofthereleaseandthe survivor sspecificsituation.thelengthoftimethatareleaseiseffectiveshouldbe theminimumlengthnecessaryunderthecircumstancesandshouldbetiedtothe servicethesurvivorisrequesting.itshouldbeasshortasnecessarytomeetthe client spurpose(forexample,areleasecouldbevalidforafewminutes,orafew hoursordays).thishelpstoensurethatservicesareguidedbythesurvivorand takeintoaccountsituationsthatmaychangeradicallyfromdaytoday. Ingeneral,thereisnoreasonareleaseshouldeverbemorethan15or30daysat theoutsetbecausethereleasecanbereaffirmedandextendedifthesurvivor confirmsthatthereleaseisstillvalidandauthorizesanewexpirationdate.the OfficeonViolenceAgainstWomen(OVW)specificallydisfavorsreleasesthatare validforaslongas1"year. Evenifareleaseisstillvalid,itcanbeuseful(andmaybeimportant)toconferwith thesurvivorbeforeinformationisreleased.becausesurvivors privacyneedsare dynamic,notstatic,andboththesurvivors circumstancesandtheirwillingnessto disclosepersonalinformationarelikelytochangethroughoutthecourseofyour relationship,havingtoexecutenewreleasesofinformationwithasurvivorhelps ensurethattheconsenttrulyis informed. Ifaspeakercomestosupportgroup,doeseachparticipantinthegroupneedto signareleaseofinformation? No,unlessyourprogramisgoingtobesharingindividuallyidentifyinginformation aboutgroupparticipantswiththespeaker(suchasalistofgroupattendees).if participantsareinformed(preferablyinadvance)thataguestwillbetherethat 12
13 day,andtheyaretoldwhotheguestisandwhereheorsheisfrom,the participantscanchoosewhetherornottoattendthatsession.thespeakershould signtheagency sconfidentialityagreement.ifgroupparticipantschoosetoshare personalinformationtothespeaker,thatistheirchoiceandthereforenoreleaseis required. i Remindparticipantsinadvancethatdisclosuresmadeinagroupsetting arenotprotectedbyanyprivilege. Whatifitisunreasonablydifficulttohaveaparticularprogramparticipantsigna releaseevery15days?forexample,whatifaparticipantlivesinaruralareabut receivesregularphonesupportfromourprogram. Thepurposeofareleaseistosharespecificinformationforaspecificreasonand shouldnotbeopen"ended.vawastatesthatreleaseshavetobe reasonablytime" limited, whichmeansunderthecircumstancesforindividualcasesandsituations. Itmaybethata30"dayreleasecouldbereasonableandappropriateinasituation likethis,especiallysinceyouhaveregularphonecontactwiththesurvivor.in addition,itisalwaysgoodpracticetoensurethatyouregularlycheckinwith survivorstodeterminewhethertheircircumstanceshavechangedandremind themthattheyhavetherighttowithdrawthatreleaseatanypoint.thisright ensuresthattheinformedconsentisbasedonup"to"dateinformationandcurrent circumstances. ii Ifacommunitypullstogetherateamofrepresentativesfromlawenforcement, victimservices,prosecution,andcourts,isthevictimservicesrepresentative prohibitedfromspeakingaboutthevictimwithoutarelease? Yes.WhileaDVorSAprogramrepresentativecantalkgenerallyaboutmanythings thatareusefultothegroup,suchasdvandsadynamics,servicesthatare available,gapsinservices,aggregatetotals,andgeneralinformationthatisnot personallyidentifying,avawa"fundedvictimserviceprovidermaynotdisclosea survivor spersonallyidentifyingorconfidentialinformationwithoutconsent.to minimizetheriskofinadvertentdisclosure,someagencieselecttohavea communityeducatorattendthesemeetings,ratherthantheadvocatewho providedservicestothesurvivors. 13
14 Representativesfromotheragenciesarenotnecessarilyboundbythesameprivacy restrictions,however.eachpartnerinamulti"disciplinaryteamtypicallyhas differentconfidentialityrequirements;eachpartnerneedstounderstandherorhis ownprivacyobligationsaswellastheobligationsoftheotherparticipants.for example,policeandprosecutorsdonotneedareleasetospeakaboutacase,but anadvocatefromadvorsaprogrammayonlydiscussthesurvivor ssituationwith thesurvivor swrittenandinformedconsent. Regardlessofanycooperativeorconfidentialityagreements,non"profitvictim servicesmaynotshareanypersonallyidentifyinginformationwiththeircommunity partners(whetherit samulti"disciplinaryteam,sexualassaultresponseteam,or othercoordinatedcommunityresponse)withoutareleasefromthesurvivor.a programmaynotrequireasurvivortosignareleaseofinformationasacondition ofreceivingservices Asurvivormaychoosetoallowsome,butnotall,ofherorhisinformationtobe released.similarly,asurvivormayauthorizeinformationbereleasedtosomebut notallofthecommunitypartners. Survivorsshouldbeinformedofeveryagencythatispartoftheteam;this informationshouldbeupdatedifadditionalpeopleareaddedtotheteam.itcan behelpfultohaveastaffpersonthatisnotinvolvedwithanyspecificcasestobe thecontactfortheteamtoavoidaccidentaldisclosureofdetails. Mayareleaseofinformationformincludeinstructionsfromasurvivoronwhat andtowhominformationmaybereleasedintheeventthesurvivorismissingor deceased? Advocatesmayhavethisdiscussion,inathoughtfulanddelicateway,witha survivor.thisisneveraneasyconversationtohave.ifitisstandardpracticewithin yourprogramtoaskthesequestions,itcanbepresentedassuch.itisabest practicetoasksurvivorswhattheywouldwanttheadvocatetodowiththeir informationintheeventsomethinghappens(e.g.,thesurvivorismissingor deceased).(foramorethoroughdiscussionofthisissue,contactthevictimrights countryonthisissue.)itwouldbeimportanttodiscusshowtheadvocatewould 14
15 knowifthesurvivorismissingordeceasedversusifthesurvivorfledandjustdidn t tellanyone.releasingasurvivor sinformationwithoutknowingwhenorwhycould bedangeroustothemissingperson. NeithertheVAWAconfidentialityprovisionnorOregonlawspecificallyaddresses whetheradeceasedvictim sconfidentialityrightssurvivethevictim sdeath.there isanargumenttobemadethatitdoessurvive,sincevawarequiresaproviderto protectboththesurvivor sandotherinterestedparties privacyandsafety.a victim schildren,parentsorcurrentpartnermayallremainatriskofvictimprivacy iscompromisedposthumously. C.OtherConfidentialityRequirementsUnderVAWA WhatelsedoesVAWArequireregardingvictimconfidentiality? VAWAstatesthat, [i]nordertoensurethesafetyofadult,youth,andchildvictims ofdomesticviolence,datingviolence,sexualassault,orstalking,andtheirfamilies, granteesandsubgrantees...shallprotecttheconfidentialityandprivacyof personsreceivingservices. Oneexceptionisthatgranteesmayshare law enforcement"andprosecution"generatedinformationnecessaryforlaw enforcementandprosecutionpurposes. Granteesandsubgranteesmaynot discloseanypersonallyidentifyinginformation orindividualinformationcollectedinconnectionwithservicesrequested,utilized, ordeniedthroughgrantees andsubgrantees programs. Personallyidentifying information (PIH)isinformationthatis likelytodisclosethelocationofavictim...includingavictim sfirstandlastname,ahomeorotherphysicaladdress, contactinformation(includingapostaladdress,e"mailaddress,telephoneorfax number),socialsecuritynumber,oranyotherinformation,includingdateofbirth, racialorethnicbackground,orreligiousaffiliation,that,incombinationwithanyof theaboveinformation,wouldservetoidentifyanyindividual. Anadvocatemust lookatthefactsofeachindividualcaseandthetotalityofthecircumstancesto determinewhethertheinformationtobedisclosedwillrevealthevictim s personallyidentifyinginformation. 15
16 VAWAalsoimposescertainobligationsifasurvivor sprivacyisbreachedpursuant toacourtorstatutorymandate(e.g.,amandatoryreportofchildorelderabuse). Theseobligationsincludereasonablestepstonotifythevictimandtoprotectthe privacyandsafetyofthevictimandotherpersonsaffectedbythedisclosure. D.Privilegedvs.ConfidentialCommunications Ouragencypolicysayscommunicationswithprogramparticipantsare confidential.whycanourrecordsstillbesubpoenaed? InOregon,recordsfromSAandDVprogramscanbesubpoenaedbecausenostate lawsaysthatthecommunicationsbetweenanadvocateandavictimofsa,dvor stalkingare privileged. Whatisthedifferencebetweenprivilegedandconfidentialcommunications? Aconfidentialcommunicationisastatementmadeundercircumstances demonstratingthatthesurvivorintendsforthewordsorconversationtobeheard onlybythepersonsheisaddressing.theremaybeanethical,butnotnecessarilya legal,obligationtokeeptheinformationprivate. Aprivilegedcommunicationisastatementmadebyapersonwithinaspecial relationshiprecognizedbylawsuchthatneitherpartytothecommunicationmay beforcedtotestifyaboutwhatwassaidwithouttheprivilegeholder sconsent. Privilegelawsarefoundintherulesofevidence,andassuchcanbethebasisfor withholdingotherwiseadmissibleorrelevantinformation.commonevidentiary privilegesinoregonincludeattorney"client, iii psychotherapist"patient, iv physician" patient, v nurse"patient, vi schoolemployee"student, vii betweenspouses, viii clergy" penitent, ix andcounselor"client. x Asofthedateofthispublication(December2011),thereisnoVictim"Advocate privilegeinoregon.(thosedoingcross"borderwork,however,shouldknowthat thereisasexualassaultadvocate"victimanddomesticviolence"advocateprivilege inwashingtonstateandcalifornia.thereiscurrentlynoadvocateprivilegein Idaho.) 16
17 Theindividualreceivingservices(e.g.,thepatient,client,penitent)holdsthe privilegeandistheonlyonewhocanwaiveit.theprovidermustkeepandprotect theprivacyofthecommunicationunlesstheprivilegeholderconsentsto disclosure. Theprivilegesoutlinedabovearenotnecessarily absolute. Undercertain circumstances,theprovidermaybecompelledtodisclosesomeorallofthe contentofthecommunication.forexample,socialworkers,schoolemployeesand healthcareprovidersinoregonaremandatedtoreportchildabuse.thecourt mayalsocompelproductionofcertainrecordsortestimony(thoughproviders oftentrytoresistsuchefforts). E.SubpoenasandCourtOrders Thismanualprovidesonlybasicinformationaboutsubpoenasandcourtorders whichseektorequirethereleaseofprogramrecordsand/oradvocatetestimony. Thismanualisnotasubstituteforlegaladvicefromyourprogram sattorney,but rathercanbeusedasageneralreferenceguide.rememberthatstatutesandrules changeovertime.theinformationinthismanualwascorrectasofthepublication datebutyourprogramshouldchecktomakesurethisinformationiscurrent. HelpWegotasubpoena Oregon sadvocatesforsurvivorsofdomesticandsexualviolenceareconcerned abouthowtorespondwhenaprogramoradvocateisservedwithasubpoena. Thereare2kindsofsubpoenas:(1)oneisarequestforrecords(subpoenaduces tecum);(2)theotherisarequestforawitness(toappeartogiveoraltestimony (subpoenaadtestificundum). Itcanbeunsettling,atbest,toreceiveasubpoena.Itcanhelplessenthestressif youhaveapolicyandresponseplaninplacealready.thefirststepistobefamiliar withyourprogram ssubpoenaresponseprotocol.(it sbesttoreviewthepolicy beforeyouevergetasubpoena)ifyoureceiveasubpoena,thefirstthingtodois notifyyourprogramdirector.youwillalsoneedtocontactthesurvivortolether orhimknowoftherequest,andtodiscusshowthesurvivorwantstoproceed. 17
18 Whenaprimarygoalofmostprogramsistoworktomaintainconfidentialityand safetyofprogramparticipants,howcanwedothatwhenfacedwithasubpoena? Thepurposeofthissectionistoaddressthebasicsofhandlingasubpoenainthe midstofprogramparticipants legalactionsthatarenotcomplaintsagainstthe advocate(i.e.,theadvocateandtheprogramarenotpartiestothelegalaction), andsuggestoptionsforresponding. OCADSVrecommendsthatyouconsultanattorneyifyouoryourprogramreceives asubpoenaorareotherwiseorderedtorevealconfidentialclientinformation.an attorneycanbestdeterminewhetherthereisabasisforobjectingtothesubpoena, whethertofileamotiontoquashthesubpoena,protectivemeasuresyoucanask thecourttoauthorizeandtheapplicabledeadlines.iftherecordsdohavetobe produced,protectivemeasuressuchasredactingconfidentialorirrelevant information,filingthedocumentsunderseal,andincamerareviewcanhelptoat leastpartiallyprotectsurvivorprivacy. Whatisasubpoena? Subpoenasandcourtordersareordersofthecourtwhichoftenmustbedealtwith inatimelymanner.failuretorespondtoasubpoenacanresultinlegalaction againstthepersontowhomthesubpoenawasissued,ortheagencyforwhomthat personworks.therefore,itcanberiskytoignoreasubpoenaoracourtorder. xi Dependingonthepostureofthecase,possiblesanctionsforrefusingtocomply withavalidandenforceablesubpoenaincludedismissalofthecaseand/or contemptofcourtcharges(contemptpenaltiesinoregonincludeafineand/orjail time).noteverysubpoenaaprogramreceivesisvalidandenforceable,however, soitisbesttoconsultwithalawyerifyoureceiveone. Definitions: xii CourtOrder:Alegaldirectiveissuedbyjudgerequiringapersonorentitytodo somethingorfacecivilorcriminalchargesforcontemptofcourt. InCameraReview:Ajudge sreviewofconfidentialdocuments,conductedinthe judge schambersratherthaninopencourt,wherethejudgedecideswhat 18
19 documentsorportionsofdocumentsshouldbereleasedtotherequesting party(ies)inacase.documentssubmittedforincamerareviewmayalsobe submittedundersealand/orsubjecttoaprotectiveorder,sothattheyarenot availabletothegeneralpublicoraccessibleinthepublicpartofthecourtfile. MotionforProtectiveOrder:A motion isarequesttothecourt.amotionmay bemadeverballyorinwriting.amotionforprotectiveorder(whichistypically submittedinwriting)isarequestthatthejudgerequiretheperson(s)towhomthe privateorconfidentialdocumentsarebeingreleasednottosharethedocuments withanyoneotherthanthespecifiedindividuals,andeventhenthatthe documentsbeusedonlyforthespecificanddesignatedpurposes.ajudgemay alsorequirethatthedocumentsbereturnedtothecourtordestroyedbytheparty possessingthemoncetheproceedingisover. MotiontoQuash:Arequesttothecourtthatasubpoenabevacatedand dismissed. Note:Lawyerswillsometimesaskformorethanoneremedyinasinglemotion, listingtherequestinthealternative.forexample,thelawyermightaskthejudge toquashordismissthesubpoenabut,ifthecourtdeclinestodoso,inthe alternativetoallowtheholderoftherecords(suchastherapecrisiscenteror domesticviolenceshelter)toredactirrelevantportionsoftherecordorifredaction isnotgrantedthentoreviewtherecordsincameraandreleaseonlycertain excerptsoftherecorddeemedrelevant.thecaptionofsuchamotionmightread MotiontoQuashDefendant ssubpoenaand,inthealternativetopermit ProductionofRedactedRecords. ObjectionLetterorLetterofObjection:Alettersenttotheattorneywhoissued thesubpoenaadvisingthatattorneythatthepersontowhomthesubpoenawas issuedcannotcomplywiththerequest.thelettermaydetailthattherequest cannotbemetbecause,forexample,programpolicyrequiresconfidentiality and/orastateorfederallawprohibitsdisclosureoftherequesteddocument. Proceedings:Aformaltermusedtorefertolegalhearingsincivilorcriminalcases, administrativematters,depositionsorgrandjuries. 19
20 ProtectiveOrder:Anordersignedbyajudgethatlimitstheuseofconfidential documentsdisclosedinaproceeding.underaprotectiveorder,thepersonto whomconfidentialdocumentsaredisclosedmayonlyusethedocumentsforthe proceedingduringwhichtheyaredisclosed,mustkeepthemotherwise confidentialandmust,asdirected,destroythemorreturnthemtothecourtorthe recordsholderwhentheproceedingisover. Redact:Editing( blackingout )arecordtopreventviewingofmaterialthatis confidentialorirrelevantorotherwisenottoberevealed.. Service:Providingorgivingasubpoenatoapersonbyeitherdeliveringitinperson (personalservice),bymail,orbyfax,dependingonthecircumstances.sometimes referredtoas serviceofprocess. InOregon,certaindocumentsmustbeserved inperson,whileothersmaybeservedbymail.thisisdeterminedbythegoverning Oregonstatuteorrule.InadomesticviolenceFamilyAbusePreventionAct(FAPA) proceeding,therespondent(allegedabuser)mustbepersonallyservedwithacopy ofthefapapetition.apetitionermayhavelawenforcementservethe Respondent;lawenforcementmustdothisforfree.(APetitionermayalsohirea processserveroruseaprivateparty.certaindocumentsmustbefiledafterthe FAPAOrderhasbeenservedsotheinformationcanbeenteredintothecourtand lawenforcementdatabases.) Subpoena:Alegaldocumentrequiringapersontoshowupatadeposition,court hearing,grandjuryoradministrativeproceedingandanswerquestions,under oath,. SubpoenaDucesTecum:DucestecumisLatinfor bringitwithyou. Asubpoena ducestecumislegaldocumentcommandingapersontoeithershowupata deposition,courthearing,grandjuryoradministrativeproceedingwiththe documentsdescribedinthesubpoenaducestecum,orprovidethedocumentsand, ifthedocumentsareprovided,noappearanceisnecessary.thepersontowhom thesubpoenaisdirectedcompliesifthepersonproducescopiesofthespecified itemsinthespecifiedmannerandcertifiesthatthecopiesaretruecopiesofallthe itemsresponsivetothesubpoenaor,ifallitemsarenotincluded,whytheyarenot. 20
21 UnderSeal:Providingdocumentstothecourtinasealedenvelopebearingthe casenumberandthewords FiledUnderSeal withanouterenvelopeaddressed tothecourtsothatonlyajudgemayviewwhatisinthesealedenvelope.when documentsaresubmittedforincamerareview,itisbesttofilethemunderseal. Deposition:Adepositioniswhenapartyorawitnessinacriminal,civilor administrativecaseisdirectedtoanswerquestionsposedbyanotherparty s lawyerand,underoath,giveoraltestimonywhichisthenrecorded(byacourt reporterand/oraudioorvideotape.) WhatareOregon ssubpoenarulesandrequirements? xiii Whocanissueasubpoena? ASubpoenamaybeissuedbyaclerk,judgeorattorney.InOregon,subpoenas maybeissuedbythejudgeorbytheattorneywhorepresentsapartytothecase. xiv Subpoenasmayalsobeissuedbytheclerkofcourt,anddeliveredtoanyparty requestingthesubpoenaforcompletionandservice. xv Whataregroundsforissuingasubpoena? AnOregonresidentmayonlyberequiredtoattendadepositionorproduce documentsinthecountywhereheorsheresides,isemployedorregularly transactsbusinessinperson,or,inthealternative,ataconvenientplace designatedbycourtorder.someonewhoisnotaresidentoforegonmayonlybe requiredtoattendadepositionormakeproductioninthecountywhereheorshe wasserved,orataconvenientplacedesignatedbycourtorder. xvi Whatshouldasubpoenacontain? Subpoenasmuststatethename,court,andtitleoftheaction. xvii Thereisno mandatedformprovidedbythecourt. Whatifwedon trespondtothesubpoena? Apersonwhodisobeysorignoresasubpoena,orrefusestobeswornoransweras awitness,maybeheldincontemptofcourt,eitherbythecourtbeforewherethe 21
22 actionispendingorbythejudgeorjusticeissuingthesubpoena.ifthepersonwas Ifthewitnessisapartytothecaseanddisobeysasubpoenaorrefusestobesworn oranswerasawitness,theparty"witnesses Complaint,Answer,orReplymaybe stricken(notallowed). xviii Howmustasubpoenabeserved? Asubpoenamustbeservedinperson;insomecircumstancesasubpoenamaybe servedbymail. Servicebymailispermittedif: C Thesubpoenacommandsonlytheproductionofdocuments,not testimony; xix or C Anattorneyissuingthesubpoenaorhisorherstaff: o Hashadpersonaltelephonecontactwiththewitnessandthewitness hasindicatedawillingnesstoappearattrialifsubpoenaed; o Hasmadeprovisionforpaymentofwitnessandmileagefees;and o Mailedthesubpoenatothewitnessmorethan10daysbeforetrialby certifiedmailorotherreceipttyp . xx Ifallthreecriteriaabovearenotmet,asubpoenacompellingaperson stestimony mustbeservedinperson. WhatareProgramOptionsforRespondingtoaSubpoena? ContacttheParticipant ProgramsreceivingVAWAfundingarerequiredtonotifythevictimofthecourt orderorsubpoena. AskiftheParticipantConsentstotheRelease Beforeyouaskparticipantsifthey rewillingtoreleasetherecords,youwillwantto letthemknowwhatinformationtheirrecordscontain.together,youcanidentify anddiscussthepotentialrisksandbenefitsofconsentingtotherecords disclosure. Ifthecommunicationstoberevealedareprivileged,carefullyreviewwiththe survivortheimplicationsofwaivingaprivilege. 22
23 Iftheparticipantconsentstoreleasetheinformation,theparticipantshouldsignan authorizationindicatingthatsheorheconsentstothereleaseofinformationfor thispurpose. Whenreleasinginformationinresponsetoasubpoena,itisimportanttoclarify withtheparticipantwhatinformationiscontainedintherecordandtoconfirm thats/heispreparedforthedisclosureofdetailedpersonalinformationincourt. Thisassuresthattheparticipant ssignedconsentisfullyinformed. OfferCounselaSummaryoftheInformation Sometimes,aparticipantwantstoagreetoreleasesome butnotall oftheir records.inthissituation,youcouldoffertowritealettersummarizingthe contentsoftheparticipant sfile.thelawyerorotherpersonwhoissuedthe subpoenamightstillrequest andinsistupon"fullreleaseofthefile. IftheParticipantDoesNotConsenttoRelease Iftheclientdoesnotprovideconsenttoreleasesubpoenaedrecordsorisnot availabletodoprovideherorhisconsent,oneoptionisfortheprogramtocontact theattorneythatissuedthesubpoena(preferablyinwriting)acknowledgingreceipt ofthesubpoenaandstating,asageneralmatter,thatwhileyoucannotconfirmor denywhetherthisindividualreceivedservicesfromyouragencyinformationabout allclientsisconfidentialand,pursuanttoagencypolicy,cannotbereleasedwithout writtenclientconsentoracourtorder. Itisbesttodiscussthiswithalawyerassoonasyoureceiveasubpoena,andto developyourresponsestrategytogether. Iftheparticipanthasherorhisownlawyer,thatlawyermaybeabletohelpyou quash(dismiss)ormodifythesubpoena.samplesoforegon"specificmotionsto QuashareavailablethroughtheVictimRightsLawCenter sportland,oregonoffice ( ContactthePartythatIssuedtheSubpoena Youcancallthepersonwhoissuedthesubpoenaandseeifyoucanworkoutany problemsthatthesubpoenapresentsforyou.doyouneedmoretimetorespond? Ifso,callandaskformoretime.Ifthesubpoenarequestsconfidentialinformation 23
24 andtheprogramparticipantwillnotconsenttoitsrelease,callandeducatethe personwhoissuedthesubpoenaaboutyourprogram sconfidentialitypolicyand yourprogram scontractswithfundersrequiringconfidentiality.perhapsthe personwillwithdrawthesubpoenabecauses/hebelievesthatrespondingtoa motiontoquashisnotworththeeffort.ifyoureachanagreementwiththeparty whoissuedthesubpoena,documentthatcarefullyandrequestconfirmationofthe agreementinwriting. xxi Anyformofwritingisacceptable,including . ObjecttotheSubpoena Beforesendingaletterofobjection,youmaywishtocontacttheattorneywho issuedthesubpoenaandexplainyourprogram spolicyofconfidentiality,your funder scontractualexpectationofconfidentialityandthatyourprogram s attorneymayhavetofileamotiontoquash.theattorneymaydecidetowithdraw thesubpoena.ifthisisthecase,youshouldaskforthewithdrawalinwriting. Youmayobjectinwritingtoanysubpoena,listingallthereasonsyouthinkitis unfairorunjustforyoutoappearortoproducesuchdocuments.objections shouldbefiledwiththecourtpromptly,beforethedeadlineforcompliance specifiedinthesubpoena.asampleiscontainedintheappendix. WorkwithanAttorneytoFileaMotiontoQuashorModifytheSubpoena Ifyoufileyourrequesttodismissormodifywithintheproscribedtimeperiod,a courtmayquash,modifyorplacereasonableconditionsonasubpoenafor productionofdocumentsifittherequestis unreasonableoroppressive. xxii A courtmayalsoquashthesubpoenabecauseitwasnotproperlyissued.for example,oregonlawauthorizespre"trialdiscoveryagainstathirdpartyonlyunder limitedcircumstances.(forexamplesoforegon"specificmotionstoquash,contact OCADSVorthePortlandofficeoftheVictimRightsLawCenter ( WhatShouldOurProgramPayAttentiontoWhenWeReceiveaSubpoena? xxiii HowtheSubpoenaWasServed Oregon srulesforservingasubpoenaaredescribedearlierinthischapter. Dependingonthecircumstances,gettingasubpoenadismissedforimproper servicemayhavelimitedeffectivenessifthesubpoenaisreissuedandtheproblem 24
25 iscuredintime.theadditionaltimecanbeuseful,however,ifitallowsaprogram tohelpdevelopanupdatedsafetyplan,affordsavictimtimetorelocateorrequest anynecessaryleaves,etc.someadvocatesand/orprogramsopttoignorea subpoenathatwasimproperlyserved,butthisisrisky,ofcourse,asyoumaybe foundincontemptofcourtfordisobeyingthesubpoena. ToWhomtheSubpoenaIsDirectedandFromWhomitWasReceived Itisimportanttoknowwhoisaskingfortherecordsortestimonyandwhythey wantthisinformation.thesubpoenawillidentifythesender,hisorheraddress andphonenumber.thedocumentwillalsoincludeacaptionthatshowsthecourt oradministrativeagencywherethecaseisbeingheard,whetheritisacivilor criminalcaseandwhoarethepartiesinvolved(exceptforgrandjurysubpoenas). Besuretonotewhoorwhatinformationisbeingsubpoenaed;isitthe program,theexecutivedirectororanindividualadvocate?thiscanhelp determinewhorespondstothesubpoenaandalsowhetherthesubpoena wasproperlyserved. Iftheparticipantwhoserecordsarebeingrequestedislistedasoneofthe namedpartiesinthecase(i.e.,,thenameofacurrentorformerprogram participantsappearsinthecaption)theparticipantmayalreadyhavean attorney.ifso,requestpermissiontospeakwiththeparticipant sattorney todiscusshowyouwillrespondtothesubpoena. WhetherYourProgramHastheRecordsBeingRequested Ifyourprogramdoesnotpossessanyoftherecords,ortherecordswerepreviously destroyed(e.g.,pursuanttoyourregularretentionschedules)thenyourprogram shouldsendalettertotherequestingpartyadvisingthat,whileyoucannotadmit ordenythatyouprovidedservicetotheparticipant,yourprogramcanassertthatit hasnorecordsresponsivetothesubpoena.requestthatthesubpoenabe withdrawn.ifitis,confirmwithdrawalofthesubpoenainwriting.youcandothis bysendingaconfirming tothelawyerwhoissuedthesubpoena. Ifyouprogramdoeshavetherecords,andthesurvivorconsentstotheirrelease, startgatheringthemanddeterminewhichdocumentsarerelevant,responsiveto 25
26 thesubpoenaandshouldbereleased.forexample,iftherecordsincludelistsof participantswhoattendedsupportgroups,onlythenameoftheparticipantto whomthesubpoenapertainsshouldbereleased.othernamesonthesupport groupattendancepageshouldberedacted. TheCourtOrder Evenifanobjectionoramotiontoquashthesubpoenaisfiledandgranted,acourt mightlaterdecidetoorderreleaseoftherecords.justaswithasubpoena,your optionsaretocomply,askforincamerareviewofthedocuments,and/orsenda letterorfileamotionrequestingreconsideration.onoccasion,advocatesand programhaverefusedtoproducethedocumentsorderedandbeenthreatened withcontemptofcourt. WhatdoesVAWArequireustodoifwehavetoreleaseasurvivor spersonal informationinresponsetoasubpoenaorcourtorder? Asnotedabove,VAWArequiresthatgranteesandsub"granteesatprograms servingvictimsofdomesticviolence,datingviolence,sexualassaultandstalking shallprotecttheconfidentialityandprivacyofpersonsreceivingservice. Ifthereleaseofinformationiscompelledbysubpoenaorcourtorder,theprogram mustdoatleast2things: xxiv 1) Makereasonableattemptstoprovidenoticetovictimsaffectedbydisclosure ofinformation,and; 2) Takestepsnecessarytoprotecttheprivacyandsafetyofpersonsaffectedby therelease. Tosatisfythefirstrequirement,programscandevelop(andimplement)aprotocol forprovidingnoticetovictimswhoserecordshavebeenrequested.forexample, contactingaparticipantbyphone,e"mail,andasaf ingaddresswould certainlyconstituteareasonableattempttoprovidethevictimwithnoticeofthe subpoena. 26
27 Thesecondrequirementisquitebroad;notethatitisnotlimitedtoprotectingjust victims,butratherextendsto otherpersonsaffectedbythedisclosure. Thereare atleastfourpossiblewaystotryandprotecttheprivacyandsafetyofpersons affectedbythereleaseofinformationcompelledbyasubpoena: 1) Redact(blackout)addresses,phonenumbers,andanyothercontact information. 2) Respondtothesubpoenawithaletterofobjectiondraftedbyyour program sdirectororotherappropriatepointperson.(ocadsvcanprovide asampleresponseletter.) 3) Submitdocuments underseal andforincamerareview.thismeansthe programprovidesdocumentstothecourtinasealedenvelopedbearingthe casenumberandthewords SubmittedforInCameraReview withanouter envelopeaddressedtothecourtsothatonlyajudgemayviewwhatisinthe sealedenvelope. 4) Hireanattorneytofileamotiontoquashthesubpoena.(ContacttheVictim examplesoforegon"specificmotionstoquash. Ifavictim sinformationhastobereleasedpursuanttoacourtorderormandate, andyoucancontactthesurvivor,trytodevelopaspecificandappropriatesafety plan.keepinmindthatthesafetyneeds andthereforethesafetyplans"for survivorsofnon"intimatepartnersexualassaultorstalkingwilldifferfromthosefor domesticviolencesurvivors. Ourprogramdoesn thaveapolicyforrespondingtoasubpoena.aswedevelop one,whatshoulditcontain? Asubpoenaresponsepolicyshouldincludeatleastthefollowingprotocols: 1)Notifyingthedirector:Thestaffpersonwhoreceivesthesubpoenashould immediatelynotifytheexecutivedirectorthatasubpoenawasreceived.the staffpersonshouldrecordthetime,date,placeandmethodofdelivery(was 27
28 thesubpoenasentbymail?handedovertowhomeveransweredthedoor? Personallydeliveredtotheindividualnamedinthecaption?) 2)Contactingthesurvivorwhoseinformationhasbeenrequested:Asdiscussed above,theprotocolshouldrequireadiscussionwiththesurvivorthat includes:whatinformationyouhold;thebenefitsandrisksassociatedwith releasingtheinformationrequested;andhelpingthesurvivordecidewhether s/hewishestoreleasesome,allornoneoftherequestedinformation. Remember,itisthesurvivor s andnottheprogram s"decisionwhetherto consenttotherelease.ifyoucannotreachthesurvivor,youareobligedto erronthesideofcautionandnotreleasetheinformation. 3)When,whoandunderwhatcircumstancesanadvocate,executivedirectoror otherprogramstaffmemberwillcontactalawyertohelpquashasubpoena orvacateacourtorder. 4)Determiningwhowillberesponsible,ifinformationmustbereleased,for redactingconfidentialinformationthatmaybewithheldsuchastheshelter address,staffaddressesandphonenumbers,supportgroupparticipants,etc. 5) Underwhatcircumstancesyouwillaskforincamerareview. F.MandatoryReportingRequirementsforAdvocates AreadvocatesinOregonmandatedtoreportchildabuseorabuseofanolderor vulnerableadult? AdvocatesinOregonarenot,perse,mandatoryreportersofchild,elderor vulnerableadultabuse.however,certainindividualswhoworkforadvorsa programmaybemandatoryreportersofchildand/orelderorvulnerableadult abusebecauseoftheirotherprofessionalemployment(e.g.,aschoolornursing homeemployee)orlicensingoroccupation(e.g.,alicensedclinicalsocialworkeror healthcareprovider).licensedchildcareagenciesandregisteredorcertified childcareprovidersarealsomandatoryreportersofchildabuseinoregon,soyou willwanttoknowwhetheryouoryourprogramfallswithinthisdefinition. 28
29 Everyonewhoworksatyouragencyshouldalsoknowwhoelse,ifanyone,inyour programismandatedtoreportchild,elderorvulnerableadultabuse.thisis criticalfortworeasons.first,theparticipantsyouservehavearighttoknow whetherthepersonthey respeakingwithismandatedtoreport.thisinformation shouldbedisclosedbeforethesurvivormakesanydisclosurestoyouorotherstaff. Second,youasanadvocateneedtoknowwhoelseismandatedtoreportsothat youdonot,withoutvictimconsent,discloseinformationtothemthatwilltriggera reportingobligation.youragencyshouldhavepoliciesandprotocolsinplaceso thatanyconfidentialinformationwhichwouldtriggerareportisprotectedbya virtualandelectronic firewall, sothatitisnotsharedwithamandatoryreporter withoutthevictim s(writtenandinformed)consent. Remember:Ifyouarenotmandatedbylawtoreporttheabuse,youneedthe participant swrittenauthorizationtoreleaseinformationforyoutocallthechild AbuseorAdultProtectiveServiceshotline.Ifyouareamandatedreporter,you mayreporttheabusewithoutarelease.ifpossible,tryandgetthevictim s consenttoreport.engageinorprovidereferralsforsafetyplanningpost" disclosure.(foradiscussionofmandatoryreportingofelderabuse,seemindlin,j. andbrandlb., RespectingElders,ProtectingElders:UntanglingtheMysteryof WhatSexualAssaultAdvocatesNeedtoKnowAbouttheMandatoryReportingof ElderAbuse. ) xxv WhoaremandatoryreportersofchildabuseinOregon? xxvi Oregonlawsetsoutwhoisrequiredtoreportchildabuse.Thedesignated individualsmustreportabuseiftheycomeincontactwitheither:(1)achildthey havereasonablecausetobelievehasbeenabused;or(2)apersonwhohasabused achild.thisobligationisineffect24"hours/dayand7days/week;itisnotlimited tothereporter sworkinghoursorcontactmadeinanofficialcapacity. Oregonlaw(ORS419B.023)identifiesthefollowing publicandprivate officialsas themandatedreportersofchildabuse: Medicalpersonnel:Physicians,psychiatrists,surgeons,residents,interns,dentists, dentisthygienists,medicalexaminers,pathologists,osteopaths,coroners,christian Sciencepractitioners,chiropractors,podiatrists,optometrists,naturopathic physicians,registeredandlicensedpracticalnurses,emergencymedical 29
30 technicians,substanceabusetreatmentpersonnel,hospitaladministratorsand otherpersonnelinvolvedintheexamination,careortreatmentofpatients. Schoolandchildcarepersonnel:Teachers,schoolpersonnel,educational advocatesassignedtoachildpursuanttotheschoolcode,truantofficers,directors andstaffassistantsofdaycarecentersandnurseryschools. Publicemployees:MembersoftheLegislativeAssembly,employeesoftheState CommissiononChildrenandFamilies,theChildCareDivisionoftheEmployment Department,theOregonYouthAuthority,acountyhealthdepartment,a communitymentalhealthanddevelopmentaldisabilitiesprogram,acounty juveniledepartment,andalldhsemployees. LawEnforcement:Truantofficers,probationofficers,lawenforcementofficers, andfieldpersonnelofthedepartmentofcorrections. Others:Psychologists,licensedclinicalsocialworkers,licensedprofessional counselors,licensedmarriageandfamilytherapists,membersoftheclergy, attorneys,firefighters,courtappointedspecialadvocates(casas),registeredor certifiedchildcareproviders,andfostercareprovidersandtheiremployees. Althoughattorneysareincludedinthelistofmandatoryreportersofchildabuse,a lawyerisnotrequiredtoreportiftheinformationwasdisclosedinthecourseof representingaclientorifitsreleasewouldbedetrimentaltotheclient. IfIamnotamandatedreporter,butIobservesomethingIthinkshouldbe reportedandtheparentrefusestoprovidearelease,undervawaamistillable toreport? No.Ifareportisnotmandatedunderthelawthenyouneedasignedreleaseto callthechildabusehotline.however,thereareotherwaystoprovideeffective advocacyincludingworkingwiththechild,theparent,andotherswhoprovidecare orservicestothechild.(youaresimilarlyrestrictedfromreportingelderabuseor abuseofapersonwithadisability,ifyouarenotamandatedreporterandthe victimdoesnotconsenttotherelease.) 30
31 IfIamamandatedreporter,howmuchinformationshouldIrelease? Ifyouareamandatedreporter,youmaycallthechildorelderabusehotline withoutareleaseorthevictim sconsent.however,youmaydiscloseonlythe informationrequired.ifyouoryourprogramisvawa"funded,itisaviolationof thefederalregulationstorelease,withoutavictim sconsent,anyadditional informationthatwasnotmandatedbylaw.itisagoodideatorevieworegon s mandatoryreportingrequirementsbeforeyouinitiateareport,toensurethatyou knowwhatinformationyoumayandmaynotdisclose. Aresomeminorsexemptfromthereportinglaws? Certainminors,suchasthosewhoareemancipated,servinginthemilitary,or marriedmaynotbesubjecttooregon smandatoryreportinglaws. DoIhavetoreportanyothertypesofabuse? Yes.Asnotedabove,mandatoryreportinglawsinOregonarenotlimitedto children.oregonlawrequirescertainindividualstoreporttheabuseofolder adultsandtheabuseofadultswithdisabilities. WhoiscoveredbytheElderAbusestatute? ORS (2)definesan elderlyperson asanyperson65yearsofageorolder. (Therearespecialrulesgoverningreportingtheabuseofresidentsinlongterm carefacilities.) WhoaremandatoryreportersofelderabuseinOregon? xxvii Thelistofmandatedreportersofelderabuseissimilarto"butnotthesameas" mandatoryreportersofchildabuse.thelistincludes: Medicalandotherhealthcarepersonnel:Physicians(includingnaturopathsand osteopaths),chiropractors,physicianassistantsorpodiatricphysiciansand surgeons,includinganyinternorresident,licensedpracticalnurses,registered nurses,nursepractitioners,nurse saides,homehealthaidesoremployeesofanin" 31
32 homehealthservice,physical,speechoroccupationaltherapists,audiologists,and speech"languagepathologists. Publicemployees:EmployeesoftheDepartmentofHumanServices,community developmentaldisabilitiesprogram,oregonhealthauthority,countyhealth departmentoracommunitymentalhealthprogram,seniorcenteremployees,and informationandreferraloroutreachworkers. PeaceandSafetyOfficers:Lawenforcement,firefightersandemergencymedical technicians. Others:Memberoftheclergy,regulatedsocialworker,licensedprofessional counselororlicensedmarriageandfamilytherapist,psychologist,providerofadult fostercareoranemployeeoftheprovider,andanyotherpublicofficialwhocomes incontactwithelderlypersonsintheperformanceoftheofficial sofficialduties (emphasisadded). Howis elderabuse defined? xxviii Thedefinitionof elderabuse ismuchbroaderthanthedefinitionofphysical abuseunderoregonlaw.itincludesfinancialexploitation,seclusion,withholding carebyacaretaker,threateningtotakemoneyorproperty,andverbalabuse. (Note:Forthisreason,oldervictimsofabusewhoarenoteligibleforaFAPAOrder mayqualifyforaprotectionorderforolderadults.)elderabuseisoneormoreof thefollowing: (a) Anyphysicalinjurytoanelderlypersoncausedbyotherthanaccidental means,orwhichappearstobeatvariancewiththeexplanationgivenofthe injury; (b) Neglect.Neglectofanelderlypersonisdefinedas failuretoprovidethe care,supervisionorservicesnecessarytomaintainthephysicalandmental healthofanelderlypersonthatmayresultinphysicalharmorsignificant emotionalharmtotheelderlyperson; (c) Failureofacaregivertomakeareasonableefforttoprotectanelderly personfromabuse.; xxix 32
33 (d) Abandonment,includingdesertionorwillfulforsakingofanelderlypersonor thewithdrawalorneglectofdutiesandobligationsowedanelderlyperson byacaretakerorotherperson; (e) Willfulinflictionofphysicalpainorinjuryuponanelderlyperson; (f) AnactthatconstitutesacrimeunderORS , , , , , , or ; (g) Verbalabuse; (h) Financialexploitation; (i) Sexualabuse; (j) Involuntaryseclusionofanelderlypersonfortheconvenienceofacaregiver ortodisciplinetheperson;or (k) Awrongfuluseofaphysicalorchemicalrestraintofanelderlyperson, excludinganactofrestraintprescribedbyalicensedphysicianandany treatmentactivitiesthatareconsistentwithanapprovedtreatmentplanor inconnectionwithacourtorder. Whatarethemandatoryreportinglawsforadultswithdisabilities? TherearesimilarbutseparatemandatoryreportinglawsinOregonforadultswith disabilities.inpart,therequirementsarebaseduponandorganizedbythetypeof disability,aswellaswherethevictimresides.seeors to for reportingobligationregardingadultswithdevelopmentaldisabilitiesandors to forthestatutesaddressingreportingabuseofadultswith mentalillness.forvictimswhoareresidentsofnursingfacilities,seeors to G.OtherConfidentialityConsiderations WhatifIbelieveaparticipantmightcommitsuicide?OrifIhaveastrong suspicionthataparticipantwillhurtorkillherself? ItisaviolationoftheViolenceAgainstWomenActtorevealconfidentialsurvivor informationwithoutasignedreleaseifyouarenotrequired,bylaw(i.e.,a statutoryorcourtmandate),toreleasethatinformation.dependingonyour professionalobligations,youmayberequired,however,toreportwhenapersonis adangertoherselforothers.forthisreason,youwillwanttobefamiliarwithall 33
34 yourobligationsandtherelevantcircumstancesinordertomakeanappropriate determination.forexample,inoregon,licensedclinicalsocialworkersare mandatedtoreportpotentialharmtoothers,butnotharmtoself.thus,ifyouare anoregonlicensedclinicalsocialworkerandarelegallymandatedtoreportharm toothers,thenyoumaydosowithoutarelease. However,youmaycontactemergencymedicalservicesandtellthemthenatureof theemergencywithouttellingthemidentifyinginformation.insomecases,the survivoratriskforharmingherselfmaybeabletospeakwithemergencymedical servicesanddecidehowmuchshewantstoshare.rememberthat,evenifitis appropriatetocall911,itisneverappropriatetosharethesurvivor sentirehistory and/orcasefile.identifyinginformationisnotnecessaryfor911torespond.you maybeabletogivenon"identifyinginformation(e.g., she saround45yearsold insteadofanactualbirthdate)whenthe911operatorormedicsaskthese questions.inaddition,itisnotappropriatetocommentspecificallyortoexplain whythesurvivorwasreceivingservicesfromyourorganization. xxx Itislikelythat,if youmakeareport,youwillbeaskedmanyquestionsthatexceedthescopeofyour reportingobligation.unlessyouhaveconsent,youarenotauthorizedtoprovide thisadditionalinformation. WearenotaDVorSAprogram,butahomelessserviceprogramthatreceives fundingfromtheofficeonviolenceagainstwomen.dothevawalaws regardingconfidentialityapplytous? Yes.TheconfidentialityrequirementsofVAWAapplytoallgranteesorsub" granteesofvawafunds.ifyourorganizationisanumbrellaorganizationthat operatesmultipleprograms(salvationarmy,ywca,etc.),vawalawsapplytoyour violenceagainstwomenorvictimservicesprograms.evenifvawaonlyfundsa smallportionofyourvictimservices,youshouldprovidethesameconfidentiality protectionstoallvictimswhouseyourservices. xxxi 34
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