The Relationship between Leadership Styles of Coaches with satisfaction of football Players in Teraktorsazi Club (Tabriz, Iran)

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1 International Journal of Basic Sciences & Applied Research. Vol., 4 (SP3), 50-54, 2015 Available online at ISSN The Relationship between Leadership Styles of Coaches with satisfaction of football Players in Teraktorsazi Club (Tabriz, Iran) Pasha Pashazadeh 1, Mehr Ali Hematinejad 2* 1 MA, Sports Management, Department of physical Education, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran 2 Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Gilan University, Gilan, Iran *Corresponding Author Pashazadeh11@Yahoo.com Abstract Coaches as a trainer and train the players. Certainly, coaching especially in the field of sports coaches' leadership style is known in somewhere. This study examines relationship between leadership styles of coaches with satisfaction of players in Teraktorsazi club (Tabriz, Iran). This study is an applied, descriptive, and correlational research. The population consisted of all players of soccer teams in Teraktorsazi club (Tabriz, Iran), who were 125 players in number. The respondents were selected by using Cochrane Equation, who was 95 in number. For a higher credibility, they were increased by 100 respondents. These players were selected by employing random quota sampling i.e. the final population was selected by considering ratio of players in each age group to the whole population. Accordingly, 20 players were selected from each age group. Two questionnaires were distributed for data collection: Leadership Style Questionnaire and Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ). The collected data were analyzed by performing Spearman Test. The findings show that exercise-training leadership, authoritative behavior, democratic behavior, social support and positive feedback are significantly interrelated with satisfactions of players in Teraktorsazi club. Specifically, the greatest and least coefficients of determination relate to positive feedback i.e and democratic behavior i.e Keywords: Leadership Styles, Satisfaction for Advancement, Soccer Players, Teraktorsazi Club. Introduction Behaviors of coaches and parents can impact upon traits of young players including motivation, objective orientedness, and advancements (Alferman et al., 2005). An analysis of coaches' leadership styles and behaviors and their impacts upon motivations and behaviors of players makes contribution to an improved relationship between coaches and players, right decision-making, and more careful planning. Accordingly, there is a mutual relationship between behavior of coaches and performance and satisfaction of players. In light of attempts to organize and conceptualize research in leadership styles of coaches, Chelladurai (1990) proposes Multidimensional Model of Leadership in sport in case of coach-player mutual impact process. Horn (2000) offers an efficacy model for coach leadership style, which is more complicated and more comprehensive as compared with Chelladurai model. This model also highlights direct and indirect impacts of coach 50

2 behavior upon performance and satisfaction of players. The present study divides leadership styles of coaches into 5 groups: Exercise-training, social support, democratic leadership, authoritative leadership, and positive feedback. A large number of studies have investigated leadership styles of coaches. Specifically, some scholars concentrate on differences between leadership styles and priorities of leadership in sports teams (Yousefi Paskeh, 2007). Moreover, some authors have investigated relationships between leadership styles of coaches and different individual and team outcomes such as a relationship between leadership style and motivation of players (Amaras, 2000), a relationship between leadership style and group solidarity (Moradi, 2004), a relationship between leadership style and players' commitment and turnout (Bagheri, 2005), a relationship between leadership style and success (Fathi, 2005) and a relationship between leadership style and performance of players (Alferman et al., 2005). On the other hand, some other researchers examine players' satisfaction with crucially individual and team outcomes (e.g. Joreh Noosh, 2007) and a relationship between power exercise of coaches and satisfaction of players (e.g. Fallah, 2008). Studies on relationships between leadership styles of coaches and satisfaction of athletes in different sports are increasingly prevalent in world. Nevertheless, Khooran (2008) conducts the only study in Iran. Therefore, the questions are: Is there any relationship between leadership styles of Iran coaches and satisfaction of players with coach performance and behavior? Which dimensions of satisfaction and leadership style are more greatly interrelated? Job satisfaction is positive emotions and attitudes that people have towards their jobs. When a person says have high job satisfaction, it means that he really loves his job, feel good about his work and places great value for job (Shafiabadi, 1381). Some dimensions of player satisfaction including personal performance of players, teamwork, use of player's capabilities, behavioral strategies of coaches, coach training, participation in team duties, social participation in teams, ethics, team solidarity, individual participation, budget, medical personnel, supportive services, and external parameters have not been studied in details. The present study evaluates four dimensions of satisfaction including satisfaction with team performance, satisfaction with personal performance, satisfaction with behavior, and satisfaction with training and exercise (Jaki Igloo, 2003). Satisfaction of players involves their general attitudes towards behaviors and sports activities of teams. It is a positive, negative or neutral attitude. Athletes are interrelated with the coach, teammate, and team. Their personal and team performance is affected by a large number of psychological and social parameters. They emotionally interact with all these persons and parameters (Fallah, 2009). is studied coach s power actions methods by athletes' satisfactoriness. Of course, studies in field of coaches leadership styles relationship and athletes satisfactoriness is growing athletic different majors that all of them are performed out of country and in this field is performed only a study into country. In research, (Khoran et al., 2009) is studied to relationship between coach's different behaviors from athletes' point of view and athletes' satisfactoriness level. Unity Test results of Person and regression step by step showed that there is positive relationship between understood leadership behaviors by athletes (exercise and education, democratic behavior, social behavior and positive reflex) with athletes' satisfaction. But it isn t observed meaningful relationship between leader dictatorial behavior and all satisfactoriness indexes. Also, athletes who been perceived positive behaviors on exercise, education and social support, they had more satisfactoriness level generally. Fallah (2009) is studied relationship between coaches' actions approaches and Mazandaran athlete's woman's satisfactoriness. Research findings showed that from both group points of view, there is use of coach's technical power in first priority and use of punishment power in last priority. Meanwhile, there had meaningful, low and positive among five approaches of coaches' power action only between expertness power, reward and coaches' legal power by athletes' satisfactoriness of coach's behavior. Hallaji et al, (2011) is studies to determination of relationship among coaches changeful and action leadership styles in framework of (Bass model, 1985) and amount of athletic satisfaction that was part of super handball teams' players. Findings showed that changeful leadership has players satisfaction forecast power and action leadership has players satisfaction forecast power. Literature review shows that research on the relationship between leadership styles of coaches with satisfaction within the country are not enough. Therefore, this study can be identified which of the styles of leadership have more relationship with satisfaction of players. In addition, the results provide useful information to coaches that can be applied and a suitable situation to take advantage of coaching leadership styles and provide satisfaction for players. The main research question is there any significant relationship between leadership styles of coaches and satisfaction in football players in Tabriz? 51 Methodology This study is an applied, descriptive, and correlational research. It examines relationship between leadership styles of coaches and satisfaction of players in Teraktorsazi club (Tabriz, Iran). Accordingly, this study is a field

3 survey. The population consisted of all players of soccer teams in Teraktorsazi club (Tabriz, Iran), who were 125 players in number. Sample size and sampling method The respondents were selected by using Cochrane Equation. The selected players were 95 in number. For greater credibility, they were increased by 100 respondents. Data collection method The necessary data were collected by using library resources and by distributing questionnaires among the players by consent of Teraktorsazi board of directors, academy chairman, supervisors, and coaches. The respondents were selected by employing random quota sampling i.e. they were selected by considering ratio of players in each age group to their whole population. Accordingly, 20 players were selected from each age group. Data collection tools This study uses three questionnaires for data collection. The demographic questionnaire measures age, gender, professional soccer experience, and major. The Sports Leadership questionnaire, designed by Chelladurai and Saleh (1980) on the basis of Multidimensional Model of Leadership in sport, examines leadership styles of coaches in sports situations. It includes 40 question items and 5 leadership styles: Exercise-training leadership, authoritative leadership, democratic leadership, social support leadership, and positive feedback style. The Player Satisfaction Questionnaire evaluates satisfaction of players in terms of performance, recognition, quality, and advancement. This questionnaire is based on Likert seven-point scale: 1 (I am deeply dissatisfied) and 7 (I am extremely satisfied). Data analysis method The descriptive statistical method was employed. Also, data normality was analyzed by employing Kolmogorov- Smirnov method and Spearman Test was performed for inferential analysis due to lack of data distribution normality. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 20 in %1 level of significance. Results There is a significant relationship between exercise-training leadership style and democratic leadership & satisfaction of the players. As the findings show, means of training and exercise, authoritative behavior, democratic behavior, social support, and positive feedback are respectively 4.54, 3.96, 3.37, 4.08, and Therefore, the maximum mean and the least mean relate respectively to exercise-training and democratic behavior. Means of the players' performance, recognition, quality, advancement, and satisfaction are 3.82, 3.86, 4.20, 3.92, and 3.93 respectively. Accordingly, the maximum mean and the least mean relate respectively to quality and performance. Table 1. Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Results For Determining Normality of the Research Variables. Organizational Culture Organizational Commitment Z Value of Kolmogorov Smirnov Test As Table 1 shows and as level of significance is less than 0.05 (%95 level of confidence), the research variables are not distributed normally. Therefore, for analysis of the hypotheses, non-parametric tests (Spearman Correlation Coefficient) are performed. There is a significant relationship between exercise-training leadership, authoritative behavior, democratic behavior, social support, and positive feedback and satisfaction of the players for advancement. 52

4 Table 2. s & Coefficients of Determination. Leadership Style Statistics Exercise-training Behavior Authoritative Behavior Democratic Behavior Social Support Behavior Positive Feedback Behavior ** P= 0.01 Satisfaction ** ** ** ** ** As Table 2 shows and as level of significance is less than 0.05 (%95 level of confidence), the null hypothesis is rejected. To put it differently, exercise-training leadership, authoritative behavior, democratic behavior, social support, and positive feedback are significantly interrelated with satisfactions of players in Teraktorsazi club. Specifically, the greatest and least coefficients of determination relate to positive feedback i.e and democratic behavior i.e Discussion and Conclusion According to findings the exercise-training leadership, authoritative behavior, democratic behavior, social support, and positive feedback are significantly interrelated with satisfactions of the players in Teraktorsazi club. Specifically, the greatest and least coefficients of determination relate to positive feedback i.e and democratic behavior i.e This result is consistent with study of Fom (2006). Fom (2006) reveals that relationship-oriented principals put in better performance, relative to criterion-oriented principals. Additionally, motivations of teachers are affected by gender of principals. Also, Sharee (1998) finds a significant correlation between leadership styles and effectiveness of principals. Moreover, relationship-oriented principals display more effective behavior, as compared with criterion-oriented principals (As cited in Khamesi, 2004). Tajvar (2004) discovers a direct relationship between relationship- and criterion- leadership styles and performance of employers and highlights direct impact of leadership styles of principals upon performance of teachers. Azadi Kavir (2004) who suggest a positive correlation between education management styles and job satisfaction of employees. Manzoori and Shokrkon (1996) show a significant relationship between conservative leadership styles of principals and job satisfactions of teachers. Also, constructive leadership style is significantly related with their job satisfaction. Wong et al. (2007) examine behavior of coaches and satisfactions of athletes in individual sports and team sports. They highlight significant impacts of principals upon satisfaction of players, irrespective of players' level. Their regressional analysis shows a significant relationship between all coaches' patterns of behavior (mental readiness, technical skills, target creation, physical exercises, and strategies of matches, personal relationship, and personal negative relationship) and satisfactions of players in individual sports. 53 References Azadi Kavir S, An Analysis of Relationship between Education Management Styles & Job Satisfaction and Stability of High School Teachers in Tabriz. MA Thesis of Tabriz Islamic Azad University. Bagheri GH, A Relationship between Leadership Styles of Soccer Coaches Commitment and Turnout of Players. Journal of Sports and Movement. 1(5):

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