Grammar and Language Workbook GRADE 10

Transcription

1 GLENCOE LANGUAGE ARTS Grammar and Language Workbook GRADE 10

2 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 936 Eastwind Drive Westerville, Ohio ISBN Printed in the United States of America

3 Contents Copyright by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Handbook of Definitions and Rules...1 Troubleshooter...21 Part 1 Grammar...45 Unit 1 Parts of Speech 1.1 Nouns: Concrete, Abstract, and Collective Nouns: Proper and Common Pronouns: Personal and Possessive; Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns: Interrogative and Relative; Demonstrative and Indefinite Action Verbs: Transitive and Intransitive Linking Verbs Verb Phrases Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctions: Coordinating, Correlative, and Subordinating Conjunctive Adverbs and Interjections...71 Unit 1 Review...73 Cumulative Review: Unit Unit 2 Parts of the Sentence 2.13 Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates Complete Subjects and Complete Predicates Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates Order of Subject and Predicate Complements: Direct and Indirect Objects Object Complements and Subject Complements...85 Unit 2 Review...87 Cumulative Review: Units Unit 3 Phrases 3.19 Prepositional Phrases Appositives and Appositive Phrases Participles and Participial Phrases Gerunds and Gerund Phrases Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases...97 Unit 3 Review...99 Cumulative Review: Units Unit 4 Clauses and Sentence Structure 4.24 Main and Subordinate Clauses Simple and Compound Sentences Complex and Compound-Complex Sentences Adjective Clauses Adverb Clauses Noun Clauses Kinds of Sentences Sentence Fragments Run-on Sentences Unit 4 Review Cumulative Review: Units Unit 5 Diagraming Sentences 5.33 Diagraming Simple Sentences Diagraming Simple Sentences with Phrases Diagraming Sentences with Clauses Unit 5 Review Cumulative Review: Units Unit 6 Verb Tenses and Voice 6.36 Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs Verb Tenses: Present, Past, and Future Perfect Tenses: Present, Past, and Future Distinguishing Tenses Progressive and Emphatic Forms Compatibility of Tenses Voice of Verbs: Active and Passive Unit 6 Review Cumulative Review: Units Unit 7 Subject-Verb Agreement 7.44 Subject-Verb Agreement Agreement: Intervening Prepositional Phrases Agreement: Linking Verbs Agreement: Inverted Sentences Agreement: Special Subjects Agreement: Compound Subjects Agreement: Intervening Expressions Agreement: Indefinite Pronouns as Subjects Unit 7 Review Cumulative Review: Units Unit 8 Using Pronouns Correctly 8.52 Personal Pronouns: Case Pronouns with and as Appositives; After Than and As Who and Whom in Questions and Subordinate Clauses Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Number and Gender Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Person Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Indefinite Pronoun Antecedents Clear Pronoun Reference Unit 8 Review Cumulative Review: Units Table of Contents iii

4 Unit 9 Using Modifiers Correctly 9.59 Modifiers: Three Degrees of Comparison Modifiers: Irregular Comparisons Modifiers: Double and Incomplete Comparisons Using Good and Well; Bad and Badly Double Negatives Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers Unit 9 Review Cumulative Review: Units Part 2 Usage Unit 10 Usage Glossary Usage: a to altogether Usage: amount to could of Usage: different from to regardless Usage: this kind to reason is because Usage: respectfully to where at Unit 10 Review Cumulative Review: Units Part 3 Mechanics Unit 11 Capitalization Capitalization of Sentences Capitalization of Proper Nouns Capitalization of Proper Adjectives Unit 11 Review Cumulative Review: Units Unit 12 Punctuation, Abbreviations, and Numbers End-of-Sentence Punctuation Colons Semicolons Commas: Compound Sentences Commas: Series and Coordinate Adjectives Commas: Nonessential Elements Commas: Interjections, Parenthetical Expressions, and Conjunctive Adverbs Commas: Introductory Phrases, Adverb Clauses, and Antithetical Phrases Commas: Titles, Addresses, and Numbers Commas: Direct Address, Tag Questions, and Letters Commas in Review Dashes to Signal Change and to Emphasize Parentheses Quotation Marks for Direct Quotations Quotation Marks with Titles of Short Works, Unusual Expressions, and with Other Marks of Punctuation Italics (Underlining) The Apostrophe The Hyphen Abbreviations Numbers and Numerals Unit 12 Review Cumulative Review: Units Part 4 Vocabulary & Spelling Unit 13 Vocabulary and Spelling Building Vocabulary: Learning from Context Building Vocabulary: Word Roots Building Vocabulary: Prefixes and Suffixes Basic Spelling Rules I Basic Spelling Rules II Review: Building Vocabulary Review: Basic Spelling Rules Part 5 Composition Unit 14 Composition The Writing Process: Prewriting The Writing Process: Drafting The Writing Process: Revising The Writing Process: Editing The Writing Process: Presenting Outlining Writing Effective Sentences Building Paragraphs Paragraph Ordering Personal Letters Business Letters: Letters of Request or Complaint Business Letters: Résumés and Cover Letters Index TAE Tests Unit 1: Parts of Speech Unit 2: Parts of the Sentence Unit 3: Phrases Unit 4: Clauses and Sentence Structure Unit 5: Diagraming Sentences Unit 6: Verb Tenses and Voice Unit 7: Subject-Verb Agreement Unit 8: Using Pronouns Correctly Unit 9: Using Modifiers Correctly Unit 10: Usage Unit 11: Capitalization Unit 12: Punctuation, Abbreviations, and Numbers Unit 13: Vocabulary and Spelling Unit 14: Composition Answer Key Copyright by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill iv Glencoe Grammar and Language Workbook, Grade 10

5 GLENCOE LANGUAGE ARTS Grammar and Language Workbook GRADE 10

6 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 936 Eastwind Drive Westerville, Ohio ISBN Printed in the United States of America

7 Contents Copyright by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Handbook of Definitions and Rules...1 Troubleshooter...21 Part 1 Grammar...45 Unit 1 Parts of Speech 1.1 Nouns: Concrete, Abstract, and Collective Nouns: Proper and Common Pronouns: Personal and Possessive; Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns: Interrogative and Relative; Demonstrative and Indefinite Action Verbs: Transitive and Intransitive Linking Verbs Verb Phrases Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctions: Coordinating, Correlative, and Subordinating Conjunctive Adverbs and Interjections...71 Unit 1 Review...73 Cumulative Review: Unit Unit 2 Parts of the Sentence 2.13 Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates Complete Subjects and Complete Predicates Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates Order of Subject and Predicate Complements: Direct and Indirect Objects Object Complements and Subject Complements...85 Unit 2 Review...87 Cumulative Review: Units Unit 3 Phrases 3.19 Prepositional Phrases Appositives and Appositive Phrases Participles and Participial Phrases Gerunds and Gerund Phrases Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases...97 Unit 3 Review...99 Cumulative Review: Units Unit 4 Clauses and Sentence Structure 4.24 Main and Subordinate Clauses Simple and Compound Sentences Complex and Compound-Complex Sentences Adjective Clauses Adverb Clauses Noun Clauses Kinds of Sentences Sentence Fragments Run-on Sentences Unit 4 Review Cumulative Review: Units Unit 5 Diagraming Sentences 5.33 Diagraming Simple Sentences Diagraming Simple Sentences with Phrases Diagraming Sentences with Clauses Unit 5 Review Cumulative Review: Units Unit 6 Verb Tenses and Voice 6.36 Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs Verb Tenses: Present, Past, and Future Perfect Tenses: Present, Past, and Future Distinguishing Tenses Progressive and Emphatic Forms Compatibility of Tenses Voice of Verbs: Active and Passive Unit 6 Review Cumulative Review: Units Unit 7 Subject-Verb Agreement 7.44 Subject-Verb Agreement Agreement: Intervening Prepositional Phrases Agreement: Linking Verbs Agreement: Inverted Sentences Agreement: Special Subjects Agreement: Compound Subjects Agreement: Intervening Expressions Agreement: Indefinite Pronouns as Subjects Unit 7 Review Cumulative Review: Units Unit 8 Using Pronouns Correctly 8.52 Personal Pronouns: Case Pronouns with and as Appositives; After Than and As Who and Whom in Questions and Subordinate Clauses Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Number and Gender Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Person Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Indefinite Pronoun Antecedents Clear Pronoun Reference Unit 8 Review Cumulative Review: Units Table of Contents iii