Performance of genotypes at different sowing dates on yield and quality traits in Gossypium hirsutum

Transcription

1 International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. Available online at IJACS/2014/7-5/ ISSN X 2014 IJACS Journal Performance of genotypes at different sowing dates on yield and quality traits in Gossypium hirsutum Frasat Saeed 1, Shehzad Ahmad Kang* 2, Muhammad Amin 3 1. Cotton Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad,Pakistan. *2. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. 3. Pulses Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad,Pakistan. *Corresponding author s shehzadpbg@gmail.com ABSTRACT: Ten genotypes (,,,,,,,, FH-173 and MNH-888) were evaluated on yield and quality traits (GOT%, Staple length (mm), Fiber fineness (mic), Fiber strength (tppsi) and yield (kg/ha) in three different sowing dates under the experimental area of Cotton research institute, AARI, Faisalabad, Pakistan. In this experiment split plot design was used with three replications, sowing dates were kept in main plot and genotypes in subplot by using plot size 6.09m x 1.524m. Different fertilizers i.e. N: 230+P: 115+K: 62 Kg/ha and all other necessary agronomic practices were applied to maintain the cotton crop in three sowing dates. Statistical analysis was done by using software Statistics 9 version. Two genotypes and showed best experimental results because they have broader genetic variability in term of adoptability, insect pest resistance, yield and quality traits in the three sowing dates (15, March to 15, May-2013). Key words: Genotypes, sowing dates,, and quality traits. INTRODUCTION Gossypium hirsutum is major cash crop in many tropical and sub-tropical countries of the world. It is an established fact that cotton is a perennial plant but is produced as an annual, so very responsive to environmental conditions (Yucel and Gormus, 2002). Optimum sowing date for a cultivar in a region is considered to be the most important manageable factor in cotton crop (Bozbek et al., 2006). Early sowing appears higher yield potential and alternately, late planting of cotton crop shows very vegetative and difficult to manage resulting in lower seed cotton yield as well (Ali et al., 2009). However, several reports have indicated that early sown cotton produces large plants height with higher number of branches, bolls and seed cotton yield (Qayyum et al., 1996; Arain et al., 2001; Kuchinda et al., 2002; Bange et al., 2008). Akhter et al. (2002) and also these above scientists reported the effect of sowing dates from May 01 to June 16 with six cotton cultivars and reported that regardless of the cultivars, best results were obtained with the crop planted on May 16. Early planting also presents a challenge for stand establishment due to placement of the seed in a stressful environment (due to possible cold and wetter conditions), leading to the need for slightly higher seeding rates (Pettigrew and Johnson, 2005). Although higher yield potential is a dominant need for researchers and farmers, however different plant growth parameters like plant height, fruiting branch height, number of bolls per plant etc. are also major considerable traits (Nichols et al., 2004). Keeping in view these contradictory reports, it was considered imperative to conduct different studies to report some information for the guidance of cotton growers in this region. So study was conducted for the determination of optimum sowing period of promising cotton varieties under the climatic conditions of Faisalabad, Pakistan. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental site The study was conducted in the experimental area of the Cotton Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad during Faisalabad is situated at a longitude East, latitude North, with an elevation of 184 meters (604 ft) above sea level. The soil of Faisalabad consists of alluvial deposits mixed with loess having calcareous characteristics, making the soil very fertile.

2 Experimental Materials and Layout Ten cotton genotypes i.e.,,,,,,, FH- 172, FH-173 and MNH-888 were sown on three sowing dates viz. D1 ( ), D2 ( ) and D3 ( ). In this experiment split plot design was used with three replications, sowing dates were kept in main plot and genotypes in subplot by using plot size 6.09m x 1.524m. Different fertilizers i.e. N: 230+P: 115+K: 62 Kg/ha and all other necessary agronomic practices were applied to maintain the cotton crop in three sowing dates. Data were recording for Ginning out turn% (GOT%), Staple length (mm), Fiber fineness (mic), Fiber strength (tppsi) and Yield (kg/ha). Statistical analysis was carried out using software Statistics 9 version. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 1 indicated that genotype showed best response for the trait GOT% that was (42.11%) followed by (41.55%) in all three sowing dates average. In contrary to this high ginning out turn, couldn t prove itself for this trait and exhibited low GOT percentage (38.0%). All the genotypes in this experiment showed high value of staple length but among all these cultivars was prominent (27.66mm) followed by (27.27mm). The variety showed highest value of fiber fineness (5.38mic) followed by FH- 172 (5.32mic) but genotypes,, and FH-173 had values below 5.0 that were considered best for this trait. The fiber strength of (97.33 tppsi) was higher followed by the genotype FH (95.88 tppsi). The genotype showed higher seed cotton yield ( kg/ha) followed by the ( kg/ha ) while the cultivar FH-173 exhibited poor performance in term of yield ( kg/ha). Table: 2 represented that all the traits indicated highest mean values in sowing date 1 whereas in sowing date 2, all the quality traits were showed highest mean value except yield trait. All the traits were revealed highest mean values except the traits GOT and yield. In sowing date 1 cotton plant showed vegetative growth due to favorable temperature and available long period whereas cotton plant shows indeterminate growth and more chance available to fruit formation for higher yield production. The effect of sowing dates on yield and fiber quality traits of cotton cultivars was presented in Graph-I to Graph-V. Two cultivars and showed best results in term of quality and yield among all other genotypes in three sowing dates. In sowing date I & III, dominated in yield but in SD-II showed best yield. Both cultivars showed best fiber quality in three sowing dates. exhibited good yield but there were problem with fiber fineness in all sowing dates of this cultivar that exceeded to 5.0 showing more coarse fiber. Other quality traits of this genotype showed efficient results and also yield was very good in three sowing dates. The cultivar MNH-888 showed very good yield in sowing date I that was 5463 kg/ha and its yield in SD II & III was 4056 and 2400 respectively considered very good and its quality was also best. The cultivar FH-173 and showed poor yield in three sowing dates. The quality characters were good in both cultivars but fiber finesse in showed high value in all sowing dates that means it was not desirable. Table1. Performance of different cotton genotypes Treatments GOT% Staple Length(mm) Fiber Fiber YIELD kg/ha Fineness(mic) Strength(tppsi) Varieties def ab 4.67 g b b cde a 4.85 ef ab a bcd a 5.21bc ab c abc ab 5.38 a ab c f b 4.77 fg ab d cdef a 5.12 cd b d a ab 5.30 ab ab e ab ab 5.32 ab a e FH ef ab 4.77 fg b f MNH cdef ab 5.0 de ab b Means followed by same letter do not differ significantly (P < 0.05) Table2. Effect of sowing date on quality and yield of cotton Treatments GOT% Staple Length Fiber Fineness Fiber Strength YIELD Sowing Dates D a a 5.19 a a a D a a 4.98 a a b D b a 4.95 a a c Means followed by same letter do not differ significantly (P < 0.05) 275

3 Figure1. Effect of sowing dates on yield of cotton cultivars Figure2. Effect of GOT% fluctuation over sowing dates FH-173 Figure3. Effect of staple length fluctuations over sowing dates

4 Figure4. Effect of fiber fineness fluctuations over sowing dates. FH Figure5. Effect of fiber strength fluctuations over sowing dates. FH-173 CONCLUSION Two genotypes and showed best experimental results because they have broader genetic variability in term of adoptability,insect pest resistance, yield and quality traits in the three sowing dates (15, march to 15, may-2013). REFERENCS Akhter M, Cheema MS, Jamil M, Shahid SA, Shahid MI Response of cotton genotypes to time of sowing. Asian J. Plant Sci., 1: Ali H, Afzal MN, Ahmad S, Muhammad D Effect of cultivars and sowing dates on yield and quality of Gossypium hirsutum L. crop. J. Food Agri. Environ., 7: Arain, M.H., M.J. Baluch, M.N. Kalwar and A.A. Memon, Performance of newly developed cotton strains under different sowing dates. Pak. J. Bio. Sci., 1: 1-2. Bange MP, Caton SJ, Milroy SP Managing yields of high fruit retention in transegenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) using sowing date. Aus. J. Agri. Res., 59: Bozbek T, Sezener V, Unay A The effect of sowing date and plant density on cotton yield. J. Agron., 5: Kuchinda NC, Onu I, Echekwn C Sowing date and insecticidal trials with selected multi adversity resistant cotton varieties in the Northern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria. J. Sustain. Agri., 20: Nichols SP, Snipes CE, Jones MA Cotton growth, lint yield, and fiber quality as affected by row spacing and cultivar. J. Cotton Sci., 8:

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