The President as Commander in Chief
|
|
- Chad Thornton
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The President as Commander in Chief The Constitution gives the power of declaring war solely to Congress, while the president serves as commander in chief of the U.S. military. What does commander in chief mean? As American citizens, it is our responsibility not only to stay informed about the domestic and international uses of our military, but also to make thoughtful judgments about the wisdom and prudence of each use. Is it the responsibility of free people to spread freedom around the world? What about the responsibility to, at a minimum, refrain from sustaining tyranny? Should the military ever be used against American citizens? Making these judgments is crucially important, especially as Americans are increasingly subject to law enforcement on the local level (local and county police), state level (state police, highway patrol, etc.), and by federal government agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), National Security Agency (NSA), the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, and Explosives (ATF), U.S. Customs and Border Patrol, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), and the Transportation Safety Administration (TSA). Is this web of agencies and organizations all of which have surveillance and detention powers good or bad for liberty? In addition to these policing bodies, U.S. military forces have been deployed against Americans several times in our history without a congressional declaration of war as in the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Persian Gulf War, and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan in the twenty-first century. Have these been proper uses of the military?
2 Military Force Against Foreign Enemies In response to presidential requests, Congress has used its constitutional power to declare war five times in the nation s history: the War of 1812, the Mexican- American War, the Spanish-American War, World War I, and World War II. Since World War II, the United States has never actually declared war, despite our being at near-constant war since the days of the Truman administration. In 1947, President Harry Truman announced that the United States would assist any nation in the world that was threatened by Communism. When Communist North Korea invaded free South Korea in 1950, Truman sent U.S. troops as part of a combined United Nations force defending South Korea. Truman did not ask for a declaration of war, and described the troops mission as a police action. For the next several decades and beyond, the word war would begin to lose its precision. Rather, declaring war came to be seen as unnecessary or inconvenient. The power to make war continued to shift from Congress to the president during the administrations of Presidents John F. Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, and Richard Nixon. In 1961, Kennedy sent supplies and advisors to South Vietnam in their fight against Communist North Vietnam. Johnson escalated the war. When he was elected president, Nixon promised to end the Vietnam War, but instead he expanded it with secret bombings in Cambodia in order to bring the enemy to the negotiating table.
3 The trend of increased presidential power to make war approached a breaking point. News of the My Lai massacre broke in Nixon revealed the Cambodian Incursion" in April of 1970; The next month, National Guardsmen at Kent State fired on unarmed students protesting the expansion of the Vietnam War into Cambodia, killing four and wounding nine others. The Pentagon Papers were published in 1971, revealing that the government had misled Congress and the public about the cause of entry into the full scope of the Vietnam War. The War Powers Resolution Congress responded to these events by attempting to reclaim some of the war powers it had been giving over to the president since World War II. The Democratic Congress, in response to the peace movement led by the New Left, ordered an immediate end to the bombing raids in Cambodia, and drew up the War Powers Resolution (1973). The bill required the president to consult Congress before the start of hostilities, and report regularly on the deployment of U.S. troops. Further, the president would have to withdraw forces within sixty days if Congress had not declared war or authorized the use of force. When it came to his desk, Nixon vetoed the War Powers Resolution. In his veto message, he wrote that the resolution would attempt to take away, by a mere legislative act, authorities which the President has properly exercised under the Constitution for almost 200 years. He also noted that Congress already had a constitutional check on the president s power with its funding power. But Congress overrode his veto and the War Powers Resolution became law in 1973.
4 Although the War Powers Resolution may have been meant to return the power to declare war to Congress, that has not been the result. The president s war-making power has continued to increase. No president has fully complied with the War Powers Resolution, and no Congress has declared war since World War II despite near-constant conflict. The tension over the balance of powers listed in the Constitution between the legislative and executive branches war powers has remained. A few examples of this tension include: The Senate never ratified the 1979 SALT II treaty, negotiated by President Jimmy Carter. President Ronald Reagan sent troops into Grenada, calling the deployment a rescue mission. He did so without seeking congressional authorization. President George H.W. Bush, believing a New World Order was needed in the post-cold War Era, sought to build an international coalition before he invaded Iraq. He had secured congressional approval of military force but no formal declaration of war. President Bill Clinton used executive orders and presidential directives to declare areas in Kosovo a war zone and used military troops for an intervention. President George W. Bush invaded Iraq in 2003 after asking for and receiving Congress s authorization to use military force without a declaration of war.
5 From War to Fighting Terrorism If the executive s war powers had been growing, then they began growing still further both at home and abroad after the September 11, 2001 attacks. The power to wage war against foreign nations become the power to fight terrorism plotted by terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda. Not long after the attack, President George W. Bush received congressional authorization to use military force in Afghanistan. Congress passed the PATRIOT Act and Bush proposed the creation of a new cabinet department: the Department of Homeland Security. Other agencies and departments experienced growth, including the Department of Defense, the Department of Cybersecurity and Communication, the Bureau of Counterterrorism, the Transportation Safety Administration, the National Counterterrorism Center, the National Security Agency, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and many others. Many of these organizations have scrutinized the activities of Americans in unprecedented ways. Why has Congress stopped declaring war? Some argue that the rise of nuclear weapons and other technologies after World War II justify the increased power of the president to wage war without congressional approval. If an enemy leader across the world need only press a button to launch a nuclear attack, the president cannot call Congress into session to ask for a declaration of war before issuing a response. Critics of this view point out, however, that no military action conducted by a president without a declaration of war has been ordered because of an immediate threat to the United States. Further, the commander in chief role has always traditionally included the power to repel attacks without a declaration of war. Finally, Congress can declare war as a means of acknowledging that a state of war exists as it did after Japan's December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor. Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, Congress did not declare war.
6 The rise of government s need to fight global terrorism is another justification for increased commander in chief power. According to a study published in the Washington Post, some 1,271 government organizations and 1,931 private companies work on programs related to counterterrorism, homeland security and intelligence in about 10,000 locations across the United States. An estimated 854,000 people hold top-secret security clearances. In Washington and the surrounding area, thirty-three building complexes for top-secret intelligence work are under construction or have been built since September Together they occupy the equivalent of almost three Pentagons or twenty-two U.S. Capitol buildings about 17 million square feet of space. War, Liberty, and the Future The American Armed Forces have fought valiantly against foreign enemies since the Founding of the nation. As commander in chief, the president has the power to oversee the Armed Forces during their service. Congress has the power to call military personnel into service with a declaration of war. There have been many times when these two branches of government have worked in concert to protect the rights and liberties of the American people and the territories held by the United States. Disagreements continue to occur regarding the balance of this power, and federal government powers do tend to increase during times of crisis. A study of the history of the constitutional separation of war powers raises questions. Has the separation of war powers worked? Was Madison correct to believe that the checks and balances in the Constitution would be enough to protect the people from enemies and at the same time from a too-powerful government? Has ambition counteracted ambition, as the Founders hoped it would?
Espionage and Intelligence. Debra A. Miller, Book Editor
Espionage and Intelligence Debra A. Miller, Book Editor Intelligence... has always been used by the United States to support U.S. military operations, but much of what forms today s intelligence system
More informationForeign Affairs and National Security
Foreign Affairs and National Security Objectives: TLW understand and explain the following questions as it relates to the Foreign affairs of the American Government What is foreign policy? What is the
More informationKey Concepts Chart (The United States after the Cold War)
Unit 10, Activity 1, Key Concepts Chart Key Concepts Chart (The United States after the Cold War) Key Concept +? - Explanation Extra Information NAFTA Presidents George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton both
More informationNote Taking Study Guide ORIGINS OF THE VIETNAM WAR
SECTION 1 ORIGINS OF THE VIETNAM WAR Focus Question: Why did the United States become involved in Vietnam? As you read, describe the Vietnam policies of Presidents Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson.
More informationIn developing your answer to Part III, be sure to keep these general definitions in mind: Part III DOCUMENT-BASED QUESTION
NAME SCHOOL In developing your answer to Part III, be sure to keep these general definitions in mind: (a) explain means to make plain or understandable; to give reasons for or causes of; to show the logical
More informationBrief Documentary History of the Department of Homeland Security
Brief Documentary History of the Department of Homeland Security 2001 2008 History Office Table of Contents Introductory Note... 2 Homeland Security Before September 11... 3 The Office of Homeland Security...
More informationOVERVIEW OF THE ADMINISTRATION S FY 2005 REQUEST FOR HOMELAND SECURITY By Steven M. Kosiak
March 22, 2004 OVERVIEW OF THE ADMINISTRATION S FY 2005 REQUEST FOR HOMELAND SECURITY By Steven M. Kosiak The Bush Administration s fiscal year (FY) 2005 budget request includes $47.4 billion for homeland
More information4.7: Checks on Presidential Power AP U. S. Government
4.7: Checks on Presidential Power AP U. S. Government Formal Checks Found in U. S. Constitution Presidential or Executive Power Appoint Cabinet Officers, Federal Judges, and Ambassadors But, had to be
More informationCreated by Paul Hallett
The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States regarding the deployment of nuclear missiles in Cuba. The missiles had been placed to protect
More informationUS Intelligence Community. 2005-6 Thomas Patrick Carroll 1
US Intelligence Community 2005-6 Thomas Patrick Carroll 1 Policy (defn): (a) General course of action, selected from among alternatives, intended to guide present and future decisions. (b) A highlevel
More informationThe Interagency Security Committee and Security Standards for Federal Buildings
Order Code RS22121 Updated November 23, 2007 The Interagency Security Committee and Security Standards for Federal Buildings Summary Stephanie Smith Analyst in American National Government Government and
More informationThree Branches of Government. Lesson 2
Three Branches of Government The Executive Branch The President of the United States is the leader of the executive branch. The President s duties are to: Enforce federal laws and recommend new ones Serve
More informationCHAPTER 22 CHEAT-CHEAT STUDY GUIDE
CHAPTER 22 CHEAT-CHEAT STUDY GUIDE Vietnam: French colony; U.S. tried to aid France in regaining control after WWII Domino Theory: can t let Vietnam fall to communism, must contain it if you let one country
More informationThe President s Job Description
SECTION 1 The President s Job Description President Ronald Reagan talks to U.S. troops in South Korea in 1983. Guiding Question What are the roles and qualifications of the office of the President? Use
More informationTHE PRESIDENCY OF GEORGE W. BUSH January 11-15, 2009
CBS NEWS/NEW YORK TIMES POLL FOR RELEASE: Friday, January 16, 2009 6:30 pm EST THE PRESIDENCY OF GEORGE W. BUSH January 11-15, 2009 President George W. Bush will leave office with some of the most negative
More informationTEACHING DEMOCRACY. Cal Humanities & The California History-Social Science Project
TEACHING DEMOCRACY Jenna Rentz & Bryan Shaw Mt. Diablo High School April 25, 2012 The Power of the Presidency Cal Humanities & The California History-Social Science Project Copyright 2012, Regents of the
More informationAlthough the dominant military confrontations of the 20 th century were centered on the
To what extent were the policies of the United States responsible for the outbreak and development of the Cold War between 1945 and 1949? Although the dominant military confrontations of the 20 th century
More informationUS History. The Vietnam War. Student Workbook Unit 10. Name: Period: Teacher:
US History The Vietnam War Student Workbook Unit 10 Name: Period: Teacher: 2 Vocabulary Homework Define each term and explain how it was important to the Vietnam War. Remember, all homework is due the
More informationTerrorist or freedom fighter or..?
Learning outcomes Students will practice arguing and understanding views which are not necessarily their own Students will gain an understanding of how history can judge events in a different way from
More informationSUMMARY OF KEY SECTIONS OF THE USA PATRIOT ACT OF 2001 By Richard Horowitz, Esq.
. SUMMARY OF KEY SECTIONS OF THE USA PATRIOT ACT OF 2001 By Richard Horowitz, Esq. The Patriot Act was signed into law by President George W. Bush on October 26, 2001. It passed in the Senate by a vote
More informationOption 1: Use the Might of the U.S. Military to End the Assad Regime
1 Option 1: Use the Might of the U.S. Military to End the Assad Regime The Syrian dictatorship s use of chemical weapons against its own people was terrible. But we must not let it overshadow the larger
More informationFUNDING FOR DEFENSE, MILITARY OPERATIONS, HOMELAND SECURITY, AND RELATED ACTIVITIES SINCE
FUNDING FOR DEFENSE, MILITARY OPERATIONS, HOMELAND SECURITY, AND RELATED ACTIVITIES SINCE 9/11 Steven Kosiak, Director of Budget Studies, Center for Strategic & Budgetary Assessments Since the terrorist
More informationStudy Island. Generation Date: 04/01/2014 Generated By: Cheryl Shelton Title: US History Domestic Changes
Study Island Copyright 2014 Edmentum - All rights reserved. Generation Date: 04/01/2014 Generated By: Cheryl Shelton Title: US History Domestic Changes 1. Which person served as president of the United
More informationChapter 09 Federal Spending
Chapter 09 Federal Spending Multiple Choice Questions 1. Federal Spending in 2006 was a. $2.0 billion b. $2.0 trillion c. $2.2 trillion D. $2.8 trillion 2. Federal Spending as a percentage of GDP peaked
More informationThe main object of my research is :
The main object of my research is : «War» I try to analyse the mutual impacts between «new wars» and the evolution of the international system More especially my research is about what we call»cyber-war«or»cyber-conflicts«is
More informationOBAMA IS FIRST AS WORST PRESIDENT SINCE WWII, QUINNIPIAC UNIVERSITY NATIONAL POLL FINDS; MORE VOTERS SAY ROMNEY WOULD HAVE BEEN BETTER
Tim Malloy, Assistant Director, Quinnipiac University Poll (203) 645-8043 Rubenstein Associates, Inc. Public Relations Contact: Pat Smith (212) 843-8026 FOR RELEASE: JULY 2, 2014 OBAMA IS FIRST AS WORST
More informationFundamental Principles of American Democracy
Fundamental Principles of American Democracy Standard: 12.1 Students explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential
More informationReasons for U.S. Involvement in War
Reasons for U.S. Involvement in War The United States has waged several wars throughout its history. These wars have in some ways differed drastically. For example, during the Revolutionary War, cannons
More informationHomeland Security Spending since 9/11. Anita Dancs
Homeland Security Spending since 9/11 Anita Dancs Introduction Homeland Security is defined by the U.S. government as a concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States,
More informationChapter 18 Practice Exam
Chapter 18 Practice Exam Which of the following accurately describes the United Nations? o The UN, an international organization formed after World War I in an effort to avoid another world war, has always
More informationHow To Get A Law Passed In The United States
HARVARD MODEL CONGRESS SAN FRANCISCO 2015 BRIEFING SUMMARIES A Memo for Members of the Presidential Cabinet RECENT UPDATES CIA - Cyber Hacking The CIA is concerned about cyberhacking because it has the
More informationParticipation in Government INTERVIEW OF AN OLDER ADULT
LESSON PLANS ON AGING ISSUES: Creative Ways to Meet Social Studies Standards Participation in Government INTERVIEW OF AN OLDER ADULT www.ithaca.edu/aging/schools (Permission is granted to make copies of
More informationDoes NATO s Article V Genuinely Protect Its Members?
Does NATO s Article V Genuinely Protect Its Members? NATO has been the most successful alliance of history. We repeat this truth quite frequently, especially now that we celebrate 60 years of its successful
More informationVocabulary Builder Activity. netw rks. A. Content Vocabulary. The Bill of Rights
A. Content Vocabulary Directions: Fill in the Crossword Puzzle with content vocabulary words from Chapter 4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 18 1 A. Content Vocabulary, Cont. Across 5.
More informationCrete-Monee Middle School U.S. Constitution Test Study Guide Answers 2010-2011
Crete-Monee Middle School U.S. Constitution Test Study Guide Answers 2010-2011 1. What is the more common name for the first ten amendments to the constitution? Bill of Rights 2. The introduction to the
More informationName. September 11, 2001: A Turning Point
Name Directions: For the following questions(s), use this passage adapted from Mark Kishlansky s, Patrick Geary s, and Patricia O Brien s text, Civilization in the West. September 11, 2001: A Turning Point
More informationChapter 24 WS - Dr. Larson - Summer School
Name: Class: _ Date: _ Chapter 24 WS - Dr. Larson - Summer School Matching IDENTIFYING KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES Match each item with the correct statement below. You will not use all of the items.
More information5th social studies core skills (5thsocstud_coreskills)
Name: Date: 1. On July 4, 1852 a writer was asked to speak at an Independence Day celebration in Rochester, New York. Below is a part of his speech. Fellow citizens Pardon me, and allow me to ask, why
More informationChapter 15: The Bureaucracy Section 1: The Federal Bureaucracy
Chapter 15: The Bureaucracy Section 1: The Federal Bureaucracy Key Terms: bureaucracy, bureaucrat, administration, staff agency, line agency A. What is the Bureaucracy? 1. The bureaucracy is any large,
More informationConfrontation or Collaboration?
Confrontation or Collaboration? Congress and the Intelligence Community Domestic Intelligence Eric Rosenbach and Aki J. Peritz Domestic Intelligence Unlike many nations, the United States does not have
More informationHo Chi Minh Source: http://www.wumingfoundation.com/gallery/indocina/e.jpg
Causes of The Vietnam War 1954: The French lose control of Vietnam 1. In the 1800s, French established themselves as the colonial power in Vietnam 2. Vietnam Contiuously resisted French control. 3. Ho
More informationTESTIMONY OF ZOË BAIRD, PRESIDENT, MARKLE FOUNDATION CHAIRMAN, TASK FORCE ON NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE INFORMATION AGE
TESTIMONY OF ZOË BAIRD, PRESIDENT, MARKLE FOUNDATION CHAIRMAN, TASK FORCE ON NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE INFORMATION AGE Select Committee on Homeland Security U.S. House of Representatives "Information Sharing
More informationCBO. Federal Funding for Homeland Security: An Update. What Is Homeland Security?
CBO A series of issue summaries from the Congressional Budget Office JULY 20, 2005 Federal Funding for Homeland Security: An Update The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, heightened Congressional
More informationName Period Date. The Cold War. Document-Based Question
Name Period Date Task: The Cold War Document-Based Question How effective was the United States government in its attempt to halt the spread of communism in Europe and Asia between the years 1945 and 1975?
More informationIN THE WAR ON TERRORISM
THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 2002 (202) 514-2008 WWW.USDOJ.GOV TDD (202) 514-1888 FACT SHEET OVERVIEW OF INFORMATION SHARING INITIATIVES IN THE WAR ON TERRORISM Information Is the Best Friend of Prevention...
More informationWORLD WAR 2 Political and economic conditions in Europe and throughout the world after World War 1 led directly to World War 2:
Political and economic conditions in Europe and throughout the world after World War 1 led directly to World War 2: 1. The Treaty of Versailles, ending World War 1, was particularly harsh on Germany and
More informationCITIZEN ADVOCACY CENTER
CITIZEN ADVOCACY CENTER The USA PATRIOT Act Post-9/11 Due Process LESSON PLAN AND ACTIVITIES All rights reserved. No part of this lesson plan may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical
More informationAcademic Standards for Civics and Government
Academic Standards for June 1, 2009 FINAL Elementary Standards Grades 3-8 Pennsylvania Department of Education These standards are offered as a voluntary resource for Pennsylvania s schools and await action
More informationTheme: The Growing Role of Private Security Companies in Protecting the Homeland.
Theme: The Growing Role of Private Security Companies in Protecting the Homeland. Background on terrorist organizations: A global threat, every object is a target, infinite number of targets. Terrorist
More informationNational Security Agency
National Security Agency 9 August 2013 The National Security Agency: Missions, Authorities, Oversight and Partnerships That s why, in the years to come, we will have to keep working hard to strike the
More information4. There are three qualifications from becoming a member of the House of Representatives
Article I Legislative Branch 1. The job of the legislative branch is to Make laws Name Period Federal Constitution Study Guide 2. The legislative branch is divided into two parts or two houses which are
More information2003 INNOVATIONS AWARDS PROGRAM Application Form
2003 INNOVATIONS AWARDS PROGRAM Application Form 1. Program Name New York State Office of Public Security Counter-Terrorism Network 2. Administering Agency New York State Office of Public Security 3. Contact
More informationDHS Department of Homeland Security
Page 1 of 5 Fact Sheet: Homeland Security Operations Center (HSOC) The Homeland Security Operations Center (HSOC) serves as the nation s nerve center for information sharing and domestic incident management
More informationA Commander s Perspective on Building the Capacity of Foreign Countries Military Forces
STATEMENT OF GENERAL JAMES L. JONES, USMC COMMANDER, UNITED STATES EUROPEAN COMMAND BEFORE THE HOUSE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE ON APRIL 7, 2006 A Commander s Perspective on Building the Capacity of Foreign
More informationThe Vietnam War was a war designed to control the country side of South
The Vietnam War was a war designed to control the country side of South Vietnam which was at the time very poor, illiterate, and lived mostly by farming. They had great family ties, and didn t know much
More informationThe Sequence of Causes of the Cold War
The Sequence of Causes of the Cold War Outside the U.S. In the U.S. 1917 Revolutions in Russia 1917-1919 Russian Civil War 1941-1944 Second Front against Hitler Casablanca Conference 1943 Teheran Conference
More informationThe War on Terror in Classrooms and Clinics: An Inventory
480 Journal of Legal Education The War on Terror in Classrooms and Clinics: An Inventory Editors Note: As part of this symposium issue on the impact of the war on terror on legal education, the Journal
More informationBush Lets U.S. Spy on Callers Without Courts
Page 1 of 5 Article 1 NYTimes.com Go to a Section Welcome, 75200 - Membe NYT Since 1981 Bush Lets U.S. Spy on Callers Without Courts Advertisement By JAMES RISEN and ERIC LICHTBLAU Published: December
More informationHome Security: Russia s Challenges
Home Security: Russia s Challenges A Russian Perspective Andrei Fedorov * Home security: Russia s challenges Home security and the struggle against terrorism is one of the most crucial issues for the Russian
More informationU.S. Department of Justice FY 2016 Budget Request NATIONAL SECURITY. +$106.8 Million in Program Increases. FY 2016 Overview
U.S. Department of Justice FY 2016 Budget Request NATIONAL SECURITY +$106.8 Million in Program Increases FY 2016 Overview Defending U.S. citizens from both internal and external threats remains the Department
More informationJOSEPH E. BAILER Curriculum Vita
JOSEPH E. BAILER Curriculum Vita 2018 Fort Bragg Road Suite 116 B Fayetteville, NC 28306 Phone (910) 964-2206 joebailer@embarqmail.com May 2014 Education: Master of Science in Criminal Justice Fayetteville
More informationCHAPTER 13: International Law, Norms, and Human Rights
CHAPTER 13: International Law, Norms, and Human Rights MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Why did the former Secretary General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, state that the US invasion of Iraq in 2003 was illegal?
More informationV: RECOMMENDATIONS TERRORIST ATTACKS ON U.S. FACILITIES IN BENGHAZI
V: RECOMMENDATIONS TERRORIST ATTACKS ON U.S. FACILITIES IN BENGHAZI Recommendation: The Executive Branch should provide for a central planning and coordination mechanism (likely within an existing entity)
More informationExamples of International terrorist attacks since 9/11
PAPER ONE INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM: THE THREAT Any discussion of the Government s strategy to reduce the threat from international terrorism to the UK and its citizens must begin with the nature of the
More informationWikiLeaks Document Release
WikiLeaks Document Release February 2, 2009 Congressional Research Service Report 95-753 Presidential Emergency Powers: The So-Called War Powers Act of 1933 David M. Ackerman, American Law Division Updated
More informationTo What Extent is The Cold War a Result of Two Conflicting Ideologies?
Rahaf Alwattar Daniela Morales Kiley Smith Madison So To What Extent is The Cold War a Result of Two Conflicting Ideologies? The Cold War was an unceasing state of political and military tensions between
More informationFive Roles of Political Parties
It s a Party but not the kind with ice cream and cake (usually). Political parties are groups of people who share similar beliefs about how the government should be run and how the issues facing our country
More informationPOTOMAC INSTITUTE FOR POLICY STUDIES. Revolution in Intelligence Affairs: Transforming Intelligence for Emerging Challenges
Revolution in Intelligence Affairs: Transforming Intelligence for Emerging Challenges Synopsis Seminar #3 : Domestic Information Challenges and Tactical vs. National Requirements Who Should Do Domestic
More informationCuban Missile Crisis Lesson Plan. Central Historical Question: Why did the Russians pull their missiles out of Cuba?
Lesson Plan Central Historical Question: Why did the Russians pull their missiles out of Cuba? Materials: United Streaming Video Segment: The Hour of Maximum Danger (from Freedom: A History of the US:
More informationTable of Contents Part One: Social Studies Curriculum Chapter I: Social Studies Essay Questions and Prewriting Activities
Table of Contents Part One: Social Studies Curriculum Chapter I: Social Studies Essay Questions and Prewriting Activities 1. How the United States Became a World Power 1 2. Immigration 5 3. The Role of
More informationCATO HANDBOOK CONGRESS FOR POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE 108TH CONGRESS. Washington, D.C.
CATO HANDBOOK FOR CONGRESS POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE 108TH CONGRESS Washington, D.C. 6. Homeland Security Congress should monitor closely the implementation of the new Department of Homeland Security
More informationAFGHANISTAN: FRANCE IS ALSO IN THE SOUTH
FRENCH EMBASSY IN CANADA? Ottawa, June 2008 AFGHANISTAN: FRANCE IS ALSO IN THE SOUTH "France will maintain its forces in Afghanistan. Our country wishes to adapt the role of its forces to make them more
More informationTHE STRATEGIC POLICING REQUIREMENT. July 2012
THE STRATEGIC POLICING REQUIREMENT July 2012 Contents Foreward by the Home Secretary...3 1. Introduction...5 2. National Threats...8 3. Capacity and contribution...9 4. Capability...11 5. Consistency...12
More informationU.S. HISTORY 11 TH GRADE LESSON AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT IN WORLD WAR II: THE PACIFIC THEATER 1941-1945
U.S. HISTORY 11 TH GRADE LESSON AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT IN WORLD WAR II: Objectives: TEKS Social Studies US1A, US1C, US6A, US6B, US6C, US22B, US24A, US24B, US24C, US24D, US24E, US25A, US25D 1. The student
More informationAPPENDIX B ABOUT U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION: MISSION AND CORE VALUES
APPENDIX B ABOUT U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION: MISSION AND CORE VALUES Northern Border Activities B-1 July 2012 CBP MISSION We are the guardians of our Nation s borders. We are America s frontline.
More informationHOMELAND SECURITY INTERNET SOURCES
I&S Internet Sources I&S HOMELAND SECURITY INTERNET SOURCES USEFUL SITES, PORTALS AND FORUMS Homeland Security Home Page http://www.whitehouse.gov/homeland/ A federal agency whose primary mission is to
More informationIn this activity, students try to solve a mystery about the Pledge of Allegiance.
Enrichment Activity 1 The Changing Pledge In this activity, students try to solve a mystery about the Pledge of Allegiance. They are provided with a version of the Pledge from October 1892 and are asked
More informationBRUNEI DARUSSALAM'S SECURITY CONCEPTS AND PERCEPTIONS
ARF WORKSHOP 21-22 JUNE 2005 ULAANBAATAR, MONGOLIA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM'S SECURITY CONCEPTS AND PERCEPTIONS Overall, Brunei Darussalam security assessment remains peaceful and stable. However, the range of
More informationWho Governs? CHAPTER 22 REVIEWING THE CHAPTER CHAPTER FOCUS STUDY OUTLINE
CHAPTER 22 Who Governs? REVIEWING THE CHAPTER CHAPTER FOCUS This chapter provides an overview of American politics and central themes of the text, namely, Who Governs? To What Ends? A broad perspective
More informationSpecimen 2018 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
SPECIMEN MATERIAL GCSE HISTORY Paper 1 Understanding the modern world 1D America, 1920 1973: Opportunity and inequality with wider world depth studies Specimen 2018 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
More informationDBQ 13: Start of the Cold War
Name Date DBQ 13: Start of the Cold War (Adapted from Document-Based Assessment for Global History, Walch Education) Historical Context: Between 1945 and 1950, the wartime alliance between the United States
More informationGAO COMBATING TERRORISM. Observations on Options to Improve the Federal Response. Testimony
GAO For Release on Delivery Expected at 3:00 p.m. Tuesday, April 24, 2001 United States General Accounting Office Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings, and Emergency
More informationhttp://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/sep/21/danielgallington-the-chinese-hack-of-opm/
Daniel J. Gallington Daniel J. Gallington is Adjunct Professor of Law at the University of Illinois College of Law in Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, where he teaches National Security Law. Mr. Gallington
More informationcold war Short Answer
cold war Short Answer 1. Recognize Ideologies The banner carried by these East German demonstrators in the autumn of 1989 reads, Improve Politics--only with new Government. Explain the meaning of this
More informationResolution 1244 (1999) Adopted by the Security Council at its 4011th meeting, on 10 June 1999
Resolution 1244 (1999) Adopted by the Security Council at its 4011th meeting, on 10 June 1999 The Security Council, Bearing in mind the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and
More informationCOJUMA s. Legal Considerations for Defense Support to Civil Authorities. U.S. Southern Command Miami, Florida Draft
COJUMA s Legal Considerations for Defense Support to Civil Authorities U.S. Southern Command 28 Miami, Florida Miami, Florida Draft Table of Contents Legal Considerations for Defense Support to Civil Authorities.....10
More informationCosts of Major U.S. Wars
Stephen Daggett Specialist in Defense Policy and Budgets June 29, 2010 Congressional Research Service CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS22926
More informationIN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA Alexandria Division
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA Alexandria Division UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ) ) v. ) Criminal No. 01-455-A ) ZACARIAS MOUSSAOUI, ) Defendant ) Statement of Facts
More informationGAO COMBATING TERRORISM. Issues in Managing Counterterrorist Programs. Testimony
GAO For Release on Delivery Expected at 2:00 p.m. Thursday, April 6, 2000 United States General Accounting Office Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Emergency Management,
More informationAppendix -- Homeland Security Mission Funding by Agency and Budget Account (budget authority in millions of dollars)
Department of Agriculture 508.8-528.6-603.6 Agricultural Research Service/ Buildings and Facilities/005-18-1401 - - 45.0-113.7 Protecting Critical Infrastructure and Key Assets - - 45.0-113.7 Agricultural
More informationDepartment of Defense DIRECTIVE
Department of Defense DIRECTIVE NUMBER 2311.01E May 9, 2006 Incorporating Change 1, November 15, 2010 Certified Current as of February 22, 2011 GC, DoD SUBJECT: DoD Law of War Program References: (a) DoD
More informationOhio Families First:
OHIO HEART AND SOUL www.tedstrickland.com Ohio Families First: Defeating Terrorism & Keeping Americans Safe On 9/11, our country was attacked on our home soil, and none of us who lived through that day
More informationBGS Managing Director Michael Allen s Book, Blinking Red, is Reviewed By The Center for the Study of Intelligence
BGS Managing Director Michael Allen s Book, Blinking Red, is Reviewed By The Center for the Study of Intelligence Blinking Red Book Review March 2014 Reviewed by Roger Z. George The far-reaching intelligence
More informationThe Structure of the National Government
The Structure of the National Government The first national framework of the United States government, the Articles of Confederation, took effect in 1781 and established only one branch of government.
More informationCFIUS and Network Security Agreements 1
CFIUS and Network Security Agreements 1 Mark E. Plotkin 2 David M. Marchick 3 David N. Fagan 4 This memorandum provides an overview of the principal U.S. government national security considerations and
More informationU.S. HOMELAND SECURITY: A LOOK AT THE FY03 HOMELAND SECURITY BUDGET REQUEST
U.S. HOMELAND SECURITY: A LOOK AT THE FY03 HOMELAND SECURITY BUDGET REQUEST The release of the Bush Administration s Homeland Security request to Congress for fiscal year 2003 (FY03) demonstrates the complexity
More informationThis is a Testimony On National Security and Defense
This is a Testimony On National Security and Defense 20 Years Later: Professional Military Education Published on May 20, 2009 by James Carafano, Ph.D. Testimony before the Sub-Committee on Oversight and
More informationDEFINING CYBERSECURITY GROWTH CATALYSTS & LEGISLATION
DEFINING CYBERSECURITY GROWTH CATALYSTS & LEGISLATION GROWTH CATALYSTS & LEGISLATION The current policy funding and policy landscape surrounding cybersecurity initiatives and funding is convoluted with
More informationAT A HEARING ENTITLED THREATS TO THE HOMELAND
STATEMENT OF JAMES B. COMEY DIRECTOR FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS UNITED STATES SENATE AT A HEARING ENTITLED THREATS TO THE HOMELAND
More informationSEC.. GRANTS OF NON-LETHAL EXCESS DEFENSE ARTICLES BY. " 166c. Geographic combatant commander's authority to transfer excess defense articles
SEC.. GRANTS OF NON-LETHAL EXCESS DEFENSE ARTICLES BY GEOGRAPHIC COMBATANT COMMANDERS. 1 7 8 9 10 11 1 1 1 1 1 17 18 19 0 1 (a) IN GENERAL. Chapter of title 10, United States Code, is amended by inserting
More information