FORMATION OF MODERN TURKEY-I İSTANBUL ŞEHİR UNIVERSITY (UNI 201) SUMMER 2015

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1 FORMATION OF MODERN TURKEY-I İSTANBUL ŞEHİR UNIVERSITY (UNI 201) SUMMER 2015 Course code: UNI201 Instructor: Kasım Kopuz Room: 2021 Office Hours: Tue & Thu: 15:15-16:15 Phone: x9856 LECTURE SCHEDULE: Tue, Wed, Thu: 15:00-17:00 Classroom: TBA (to be announced) Course Assistant: TBA COURSE DESCRIPTION: OVERVIEW After a general introduction to the historiography, methodologies and thematic issues of the course we will discuss the changes in Ottoman social formation, starting from late 18 th century and concentrate on 19 th century. We will look at Ottoman reforms as social, cultural and political process, rather than looking at them as political interruptions or top down impositions. Building on the changes and reforms of the 19 th century we will discus the formation of modern Turkey within the context of local and international political, economic, social and cultural systemic changes as a transition from an empire to a nation state. FORMAT AND PREREQUISITES Formation of Modern Turkey (FOMT-I) is a survey course in a lecture format. There will be lectures, presentations, audiovisuals, and discussions. Each student is responsible to complete all the required readings before class and attend the classes. The students are expected to ask intelligent questions and participate in class discussions. Besides the needs to be open minded, have curiosity for issues and conceptual analysis related to formation of the Modern Turkey you are expected to be ready to engage with challenging questions. READING MATERIALS MAIN TEXTBOOK: Erick J. Zürcher, Turkey: A Modern History, 3 rd edtn. (I. B. Tauris, 2004); (hereafter will be referred as Turkey). RECOMMENDED READINGS: -Donald Quataert, The Ottoman Empire, nd edtn. (Cambridge, 2005); (hereafter to be referred as Ottoman). -Carter Vaughn Findley, Turkey, Islam, Nationalism and Modernity: A History, (Yale Unv. Press, 2011); (hereafter to be referred as A History). 1

2 -M. Şükrü Hanioglu, A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire (Princeton, 2008); (hereafter to be referred as Late Ottoman). Selected CHAPTERS from following books as recommended readings: -Rifa at Ali Abou-El-Haj, Formation of the Modern State (Albany, SUNY, 2005) -Karen Barkey, The Empire of Difference: The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective (Cambridge, 2008) -M. Sukru Hanioglu, Ataturk: An Intellectual Biography (Princeton University, 2013) -Andrew Mango, Ataturk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey (Overlook TP, London, 2002) -Hasan Kayali, Arabs and Young Turks: Ottomanism, Arabism, and Islamism in the Ottoman Empire, , (California, 1997) -Fatma M. Gocek, Rise of Bourgeoisie, Demise of Empire: Ottoman Westernization and Social Change, (Oxford University Press, 1996) -Halil İnalcık and Donald Quataert, An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman, (Cambridge, 1997) -Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Empire: (Vintage, 1989) REQUIREMENTS AND GRADING POLICY GENERAL: Attendance is mandatory and will be spot-checked. Students should keep up with all the assigned readings. All tests will be given in class. University rules on academic honesty will be strictly enforced. Courteous behavior in class is expected both to the instructor (e.g. no cellphone reading/texting, no newspapers/magazines!) and to fellow students. Be sensitive and respectful to the opinions of the others. GRADES: Grades will be distributed as follow: Attendance: %15, homework & 2 in-class quizzes %15, mid-term %30, and final % 40. ANY CHANGE IN THE SYLLABUS WILL BE ANNOUNCED IN CLASS. SCHEDULE 0F CLASSES AND READING ASSIGNMENTS Required readings are marked with one asterisk, and optional ones with two asterisks. 1 st Week: July A-Overview of the course and approaches to Ottoman and Turkey s history: An overview of the course; introduction to the course contents, reading materials, evaluation criteria, methodologies and approaches to the late Ottoman Empire and early formation of modern Turkey. A brief introduction to the main concepts of the course materials. Why study Ottoman History? How the historians of Ottoman Empire approach their subject? Begin reading: *Erick J. Zürcher, Introduction: Periodization, Theory and Methodology in Turkey, p *Donald Quataert, Why study Ottoman history? in The Ottoman, p

3 **Suraiya Faroqhi, Introduction in Approaching Ottoman History: An Introduction to the Sources, p **Rifa at Ali Abou-El-Haj, Theorizing in Historical Writing Beyond the Nation-State: Ottoman Society in the Middle Period, p.1-18 **Quataert, Recent writings in late Ottoman history Int. J. Middle East Studies, 35 (2003), p B- Ottoman Empire before the Age of Reforms: Transition vs. decline debate, Sultan Selim III and the New Order, the issue of Centralization. *Zürcher, Turkey p.9-49 **Rifa at Ali Abou-El-Haj, Formation of the Modern State (Albany, SUNY, 2005), p **Karen Barkey, The Empire of Difference: The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective (Cambridge, 2008), p **Carter Vaughn Findley, The Return Toward Centralization in A History, p nd Week: July (NO CLASS ON July 16 (July EID AL-FITR BREAK) A-Ottoman Empire in the Age of Reforms: The Tanzimat (Reform edict of Gülhane 1839 and Imperial Reform edict of 1856), The Provincial Administration, Judicial Procedure and secular laws, Economic incorporation, cultural changes, Egyptian crisis, internal unrest, inter-communal conflicts, The Crimean War, Eastern Questions. *Zürcher, p **Findley, p **Quataert, The Ottoman, p **Halil İnalcık: Application of Tanzimat and its Social Effects, Archivum Ottomanicum, 5 (1973), p B-Ottoman Accommodation of the Modern World, the Intellectual Movements and the Opposition: New directions in Ottoman modernizations, Intellectual trends and Movements, Mentality of the Tanzimat, Ottomanism of New Ottomans, Pan-Islamism, and Pan-Turkism, Growing impact of Nationalism (idea of fatherland), Impact of Inter-imperialist struggles, continues intercommunal conflicts. *Zürcher, p **Findley, p rd Week: July

4 A-Ottoman Accommodation of the Modern State System and struggles for Constitutional Monarchy-I: 1 st era of Constitutional Monarchy and the period of 2 nd Abulhamid, Elements of continuity and change in Ottoman reforms, is there a unique Hamidian era? Shifts in international crisis. *Zürcher, p **Findley, p **Quataert, p B-Ottoman Accommodation of the Modern State System and struggles for Constitutional Monarchy-II: 2 nd era of Constitutional Monarchy, Emergence of the Young Turks, a comparative look at Ottomanism, Arabism and Islamism, intellectual trends, political parties and elections, 31 March Incident, The Teshkilat-i Mahsusa (secret service), still an Eastern Question?, international hot spots (Balkan and Trablusgarb (Italo-Turkish) wars). *Zürcher, p th Week: July **Findley, p **M. Sukru Hanioglu, A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire (Princeton, 2008), p **Hasan Kayali, Arabs and Young Turks:Ottomanism, Arabism, and Islamism in the Ottoman Empire, , (California, 1997), p A-Ottoman Accommodation of Modern Social System and Societal Reforms: 19 th century Ottoman Society and Culture, Maktab and Madrasa (bifurcation in secondary education), Girls School, Imperial Orchestra, literature, sufi orders, non-muslim minorities, Rise of the Bourgeoisie, continuities and change in 19 th Century Ottoman society and culture, *Zürcher, p *Quataert, **Fatma Müge Göçek, Rise of Bourgeoisie, Demise of Empire: Ottoman Westernization and Social Change, (Oxford University Press, 1996), p , 53-70, B-Ottoman Accommodation of Modern Economic System and Economic Reforms: Population censuses, industries, finance, establishment of banks, railroads, trade agreements, local economy, Ottoman middle class, workers and strikers, 4

5 *Quataert, p *Zürcher, p , 59-61, 63-66, 71-72, 84-85, , **Halil İnalcık and Donald Quataert, Overview of Nineteenth Century in An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman, (Cambridge, 1997) p th Week: August Mid-Term: Actual date will be announced in class A-End of the Age of Empire and the First Major Crisis of Modern World: World War I and the Empires, political, economic and social issues in Ottoman Empire during the WWI, Armenian migration *Zürcher, p **Carter Findley and John Rothney, Twentieth Century World, (Wadswoth, 2006) p **Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Empire: (Vintage, 1989) p **Hanioglu, p B-From Empire to Nation States System: Towards formation of Turkey as a nation state I: The Armistice of Moudros, the Amasya Circular, Erzurum Congress, Sivas Congress, National Pact, *Zürcher, p **Findley, p th Week: August A-From Empire to Nation States System: Towards formation of Turkey as a nation state II: Establishment of the National Parliament (TBMM, The Grand National Assembly of Turkey), Treaty of Sèvres, The Constitution of 1921, Armistice of Mudanya. *Zürcher, p **Findley, p **Quataert, p

6 B-Global Westphalian System and Modern Turkey-I: New international system (Westphalia) and Turkey Towards construction of national economy, The Izmir Economic Congress, Lausanne Peace Conference, Declaration of the Republic, 1924 Constitutions, Abolition of Khilafah, Rebellion of Shaikh Said, Takrir-i Sukun, abolishment of oppositions, İzmir Conspiracy *Zürcher, p *Findley, th Week: August (Last week of the classes) A-Global Westphalian System and Modern Turkey-II: Turkey within the international context of the two WWs, rise of totalitarian regimes in Europe, Kemalism, One Party System, early Republican reforms, experience of Free Republican Party, Turk Ocaklari, Halk Evleri, Köy Enstitüleri. Journal of Kadro *Zürcher, p *Findley, , B-Atatürk and the Republic: Atatürk s Reforms, Nationalism, Republicanism, Statism, Secularism, Populism, Sovereignty, Revolutionism, The Speech (Nutuk). *Zürcher, p *M. Sukru Hanioglu, Ataturk: An Intellectual Biography (Princeton University, 2013) p.1-8, **Findley, p **Andrew Mango, Ataturk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey (Overlook TP, London, 2002) p Final: TBA 6