EO technologies for flood mapping and hydrological modelling in Namibia
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1 Satellite Earth Observation & Disaster Risks EO technologies for flood mapping and hydrological modelling in Namibia Guido Van Langenhove, Hydrological Services Namibia
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3 Hydrological trends in Namibia: Precipitations and riverflows seasonal and highly variable 1980s and 1990s rainfalls and riverflows were in general below-average Since 2000 rainfalls and riverflows have been in general above-average Exceptionally high rainfalls and floods in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 Windhoek rainfall: 2010/11: > 1,000 mm, highest on record and 3 x normal (350 mm) Zambezi River: 2009: highest maximum (flood peak) since and 2011: lower peak, but longer duration and higher volume Kwando River: 2010: highest on record Okavango River : 2009 and again 2010: highest maximum (flood peak) since : lower peak, but longer duration and higher volume Cuvelai River : 2008: highest flood in living memory 2009: higher than : slightly lower 2011: again higher than 2009 Kunene River : 2011: highest on record Combined effects of climate variability and climate change?
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5 MAIN IMPACTS OF FLOODS: loss of human lives people moving to safer grounds and relocation camps waterborne diseases (malaria increase, cholera risk) disrupted, damaged and destroyed infrastructure and businesses interrupted access to schools, health services and other services set back socio-economic progress in the area and for Namibia as a whole 2009 FLOOD DISASTER IMPACT: 6 (out of 13) Regions in Namibia 677,000 people affected (1/3 of Namibian population) 105 people dead 56,000 people displaced 328 schools affected 94,000 school children affected 2009 POST DISASTER NEEDS ASSESSMENT (PDNA): Direct damages US$ million Housing, transport, commerce, industry Indirect losses: 78.2 US$ million Commerce, industry, agriculture, utilities Macro-economic impact: 0.6 % on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Namibia Recovery and reconstruction needs: US$ million
6 EO APPLICATION 1: AREAL PRECIPITATION MONITORING Physics of convective storms: vertical build-up cooling condensation Infra-red sensors indicate temperature and rainfall potential Combination with other bands that reflect cloud physics + moisture conditions Calibration issue USED IN NAMIBIA MeteoSat satellite: 15 minutes interval cloud images Eumetsat website: Near-real time images and interpretation also at night Various analytical processing systems - TRRM, FEWS, SWFDP, (SAR)FFGS, SERVIR, GWADI: Cumulative rainfall estimates for previous 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 hours Calibration for Namibia? at least qualitative image
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9 EO APPLICATION 2: RIVERFLOW MONITORING Direct monitoring of waterlevels In application for large lakes and rivers In reconnaissance phase for Namibia (TIGER-NET) Challenges: required width, location with direction, frequency, accuracy absolute and relative Direct monitoring of flow widths (with conversion to levels) Examples in literature (China) Indirect monitoring of flow widths (ditto) from pixel moisture JRC-EU + DFO-NASA Successfully applied in Namibia for Cuvelai (and Zambezi) Challenges: suitable sections, local rainfall, spikes
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11 6 5 Evale Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar-2010
12 EO APPLICATION 3: FLOODMAPPING Applications Upstream floodwarning Drainage patterns Damages to infrastructure Roads Water carriers Areal flood extent Preparedness Response Long-term planning mitigation and measures Used in Namibia Optical: MODIS/Rapidfire (NASA), LandSat (NASA), Aster (USGS), EO-1 (NASA). Sumbadilasat (CSIR-SAC), SPOT (CNES) FormoSat (NSPO), WorldView and QuickBird (DigitalGlobe) Radar: Envisat SAR (ESA), Palsar/Alos (JAXA), RadarSat (CSA), TerraSar (DLR)
13 Selection of products Frequency of overflights Access to acquisition of scenes Near-real time availability of scenes Processing services/capabilities Area covered <-> resolution Optical <-> Radar Cost Space Charter activation
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17 EO APPLICATION 4: FLOOD MODELING/FORECASTING Testing phase Use near-real time information for: Rainfall Soil moisture Catchment conditions (vegetation) Evaporation/ evapo-transpiration
18 Merci Obrigado Thank you
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