Erik Erikson s Stage Theory of Personality Development o Basic Trust vs Mistrust 0-1 Trust of caregiver or mistrust of unsafe world o Autonomy vs

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1 Erik Erikson s Stage Theory of Personality Development o Basic Trust vs Mistrust 0-1 Trust of caregiver or mistrust of unsafe world o Autonomy vs Shame Learning to do things on one s own o Initiative vs Guilt 3-5 years old Am I good or Am I bad? o Industry vs Inferiority 5-11 Am I successful or am I worthless Accept responsibilities or inferior to others o Identity vs Role confusion Who am I? Confused about where should be o Intimacy vs Isolation Developing meaningful relationships (establish joint identity) or isolated o Generativity vs Stagnation Either have or do not have a mid-life crisis Care somewhat more about others (generativity) Stagnation (mid-life crisis) o Integrity vs Despair 65 -> Either look at self as being successful or a failure More accepting of death Development in Infancy (0-2 years old) o Neonatal period (First 2 weeks of life) Transition from the womb to independent life Only have reflexive movements Newborns have a foot of clear vision Most developed sense in touch 16 + hours of sleep per day o Infancy (0-2) Physical Development More rapid during first year of life than any other year By two months, baby can push themselves up and be able to control head By 6 months, they can roll over

2 Should be able to sit unattended By 1, should be walking 6 months vision usually up to 12 feet Cognitive Development (Sensory Motor Stage) By 6-9 month range, infants develop object permanence o An object still exists even when it s out of sight By 9 months words are understood 12 months initial speaking 18 months about a 2 dozen word vocabulary and understand and respond to directions By age 2, an average vocabulary of 250 words Telegraphic Speech Abbreviated speech of infants Emotional/Social Development Newborns born with 3 emotional expressions o Surprise o Pleasure o Distress By 4 months, add anger By 6-9 months, shyness and fear o Separation anxiety Distress experienced by infants when separated from parents around 18 months to 2 years Development in Early Childhood Still rapid Overall coordination of muscle groups Hopping, skipping, running Pre-operational stage Thought is egocentric No abstract Idea that people perceive differently Animism Belief that fake objects are alive By age 6, average vocab reaches 14,000 words a day Telegraphic speech ends and syntax begins o Emotional/Social Development Expression of fear (fear things they have not experienced) Solitary Play (2-3) Play Alone Parallel Play (3-5) Play beside each other, but not with each other

3 Cooperative Play (5-7) Play together Temper Tantrums Usually not directed toward anyone Development in Middle Childhood (7-11) Muscle strength and coordination increase Very healthy period o Cognitive Concrete Operational Stage All Adult thinking except abstract concepts Reversibility 2+3 = = 5 Conservation; Understanding that quantity doesn t change with shape change Expansion of memory o Emotional/Social First age range where influence of parents decrease and influence of peers increases Development during adolescence (12-18) Puberty What makes you capable of sexual reproduction Sex characteristics are developed, both primary and secondary Menache 1 st Menstrual Cycle Adolescent Growth Spurt Year of most physical growth during adolescence Males average 4 inches in height and pounds Females average 3 ½ inches in height and 20 pounds Brain Development Specific changes with limbic system and frontal lobes Risk taking behaviors Not a lot of foresight Curiosity Reverse themselves in later adolescence Piaget s Formal Operational Stage David Elkind Adolescent Egocentrism A quality of thinking that distorts the perception of reality for adolescents Imaginary Audience When individuals believe people are always watching or scrutinizing them Personal Fable Belief that nobody else has similar problems Hypocrisy Say one thing, do another

4 Pseudostupidity Oversimplified logic that teenagers often use to evaluate or have an understanding of something Emotional/Social Development Parent/Child conflicts Mood changes Risky Behavior Development During Adulthood Development declines o Decline in sensory processing Increases in adulthood Type of thinking changes o Emotional and social Development Erik Erikson (Intimacy vs Isolation) Levinson (17-40) Entry to Early Adulthood o Lasts to 28; time of taking on adult responsibilities Age 30 transition o 28-33; Time of reflection; evaluate decisions made in early adulthood Culmination of early adulthood o 33-40; one of busiest most productive times; involved in things Middle Adulthood o Erikson (Generativity Vs Stagnation) o Levinson (40-60) 4 5-year stages Mid-Life Transition Individuals accept they re getting old or agonize over it Entry to middle adulthood Stable productive period; individuals do a lot for themselves Age 50 transition Another time of evaluation High divorce rates Culmination of middle adulthood Period of peace Later Adulthood o Erik Erikson (Integrity vs Despair) Climacteric o Reduction in capacity to reproduce in males Menopause o Females lose ability to reproduce

5 Death and Dying o Elizabeth Kubler Ross 5 Stages Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Reality sets in; often results from having others behind Acceptance