THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENT S COMPETENCE IN RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND THEIR ABILITY TO CONSTRUCT COMPLEX SENTENCES

Transcription

1 THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENT S COMPETENCE IN RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND THEIR ABILITY TO CONSTRUCT COMPLEX SENTENCES By Eliyawati, Deddy Sofyan, Nur Utami 3 ABSTRACT The title of the research is The Correlation between Students Competence in Relative Pronouns and their Ability to Construct Complex. One of the items of English grammar is relative pronoun. The aim of the research is to find out whether there is a correlation between students competence in relative pronouns and their ability to construct complex sentences. This research is conducted to the second grade students of SMAN 7 Bogor. There are three classes of social department and the total number of the students is. Proportional random sampling technique is used and it leads to % from those students, so there are students taken as the sample. Correlation method and Ex Post Facto Design are used in this research. Two tests are used to get the data and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient is used to analyze their correlation. The result of the correlation coefficient (r xy ) is.6. After comparing the value of correlation coefficient (r xy ) with the critical value of the Pearson Product Moment (r table ) with N= and the significance level % (.) and the level of significant at % (.), it is found out that r xy (.6) is higher than r table. It shows that alternative hypothesis is accepted. So, it comes to the conclusion that there is average correlation between students competence in relative pronouns and their ability to construct complex sentences. Key words: Sentence, pronouns, correlation, complex sentence, relative pronouns. ABSTRAK Judul penelitian ini adalah Hubungan antara kompetensi siswa dalam relative pronouns dan kemampuan mereka untuk menyusun kalimat complex. Salah satu komponen dalam tatabahasa Inggris adalah relative pronoun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari apakah ada hubungan antara kompetensi siswa dalam relative pronouns dan kemampuan mereka untuk menyusun kalimat complex. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswa kelas dua SMAN 7 Bogor. Ada tiga kelas di jurusan IPS dan total siswa adalah. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling dan % dari seluruh siswa yang akan diteliti, jadi ada siswa yang diambil sebagai contoh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode korelasi dan desain ex post facto. Dua tes digunakan untuk mendapatkan data dan Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient digunakan untuk menganalisa hubungan antar keduanya. Hasil dari correlation coefficient (r xy ) adalah.6. Setelah membandingkan nilai dari correlation coefficient (r xy ) dengan nilai critical pada Pearson Product Moment (r table ) dengan N= dan significance level % (.) dan level significant % (.), didapatkan bahwa r xy (.6) lebih besar dari r table. Ini menunjukan hipotesis alternatif diterima. Jadi, kesimpulannya bahwa ada hubungan yang sedang antara kompetensi siswa pada relative pronouns dan kemampuan mereka untuk menyusun kalimat complex. A Student of English Education Study Program A Lecturer of English Education Study Program 3 A Lecturer of English Education Study Program English Education Study Program November

2 . Background Canale and Swain (8:3) state that communicative competence is a synthesis of knowledge of basic grammatical principles. There are four competences in communicative competence and one of which is grammatical competence. It includes the acquisition of phonological rules, morphological rules, syntactic rules, semantic rules and lexical items. Language learners must master not only language skill but also language components. Language is used for selfexpression, verbal-thinking, problem solving, and creative writing, but it is used essentially for communication. Language learners know that they have ability in themselves and it depends on their interest. As Davies (:6) states: Competence refers to the language capacity that exists in all children and the permits the acquisition of the contextually based language to which the young child is exposed. It means that language learners have competence in themselves but they are conscious about their capacity in each subject. It depends on the ability that they exposed in learning process. One of the items of English grammar is relative pronoun. It is used to form complex sentence, which is a sentence that contains one independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses. Relative pronouns are very important for students in making complex sentence. Relative pronouns are divided into five, such as who, whom, whose, that and which. Relative pronoun can replace the repeated noun in order to make a new sentence, when the sentence is inserted inside another sentence. The writer considers that relative pronoun is important to learn. By understanding it, the students will be able to construct complex sentence. Beside language skill, there are some language components which are important in learning language, especially in English and one of them is grammar or structure. Grammar or structure is very important because it provides a map of English. One of English Education Study Program November grammatical items in English is relative pronouns. As Azar (8:38) states, relative pronoun is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. In learning English language there are five basic relative pronoun. There are who, whom, whose, which and that. The sentence that use relative pronouns are called complex sentence. As Trask (3:) states, complex sentence is a traditional name for a sentence containing one or more subordinate clauses. There are some of conjunctions used in complex sentences. These conjunctions are used to express time (after, before, since, until, when, while, as), to express cause (because, since, as), to express condition (if, unless), to express contrast (although, even though, though), to express purpose (in order to, so that), and to express identification (that, when, where, which, who).. Research Method The population of the research is the second grade students of SMAN 7 Bogor. They are chosen because they have learnt relative pronouns and complex sentence. There are eight classes both from science and social study but only students from the social study taken as the sample. There are three classes in social study and each class consists of students. The total number of the population is students. The writer uses proportional random sampling technique to take only % sample from population by lottery system. Therefore, students will be taken as a sample and each class is represented by eight students. To collect the research data, the writer uses two test instruments. To measure the students competence in relative pronouns, the writer asks the students to answer questions. The writer gives score for each correct answer, so the maximum score is. This score is multiplied by and divided by. Therefore, the highest score is. Meanwhile, to obtain the data of the students ability to construct complex sentence, they are given questions on constructing sentences. The writer gives score for each correct

3 answer, this score divided by and multiplied by. So, the highest score for this test is. Ex Post Facto Design of correlation is used to conduct the research. Tx Ty Tx : students competence on relative pronouns. Calculating Standard Deviation Sx= Sy= 3. Calculating the Degree of Freedom df = N. Calculating the correlation coefficient by using Pearson Product Moment formula. It is symbolized by r. rxy = Correlation coefficient X = Score of the relative pronouns test Y = Score of complex sentence test N = Number of respondents By following the steps and from the results of data analyses, it can be found out whether or not there is a correlation between students competence in relative pronouns and their ability to construct complex sentences. 3. Research Finding After obtaining the data from the test given to the students, the writer got the score of students competence in relative pronouns through relative pronoun test. The highest score is 7 and the lowest score is. Below is the table of students reading comprehension score. Table. Students Score of Relative Pronouns Ty : students ability to construct complex sentences. The writer also calculates the mean, standard deviation and correlation coefficient value.. Calculating the mean to find out the balance point of average of variable X and Y. The formula is shown below. N Relative Pronouns Score (X) N Relative Pronouns Score (X) The writer found that the highest score of relative pronoun test is 7 and the lowest is. From the calculation above, it is found out that the mean of relative pronoun test score is 66.8 and the standard deviation is Second, the writer calculated the data of students ability to construct complex sentences test. Below is the table of students score in constructing complex sentences. Table. Students Score in Constructing Complex N Complex Score (Y) N Complex Score (Y) English Education Study Program November

4 The writer found out that the highest score in the test of constructing complex sentences is 7 and the lowest score is 8. From the calculation above, it is found out that the mean of the test is 6., and the standard deviation is 6.7. After got the score of two variables, the writer then calculated the data of students competence in relative pronouns and their ability to construct complex sentences in order to get the correlation coefficient value between two variables. The data are described in the following table. Table.3 The Students Score in Relative Pronouns and Their Ability to Construct Complex N X Y X Y XY The writer used Pearson Product Moment formula to measure the correlation of two variables. The result is as follows. N( XY) - ( X)( Y) N( X ) ( X) N( Y ) ( Y) () (8)(86) (7) (8) (38) (86) (686 36)(63 86) 388 ()(386) 3 English Education Study Program November

5 The result of the calculation shows that the correlation coefficient value of the two variables is.6. From the result, it is concluded that there is a correlation between students competence in relative pronouns and their ability to construct complex sentences.. Discussion After the calculating the data above, it is found out that the result of r calculated is.. This value shows that there is a positive correlation between students competence in relative pronouns and their ability to construct complex sentences. Based on the table of interpretation of r value, the result of r calculated (.6) is between. and.6. It means that the correlation between two variables is average (Arikunto, 6:76). Here is the table. Table. Interpretation Value of Correlation Coefficient (r) Range of Interpretation Correlation.8 Very High..6.8 High..6 Average.. Low.. No Correlation It means that there is a positive correlation between students competence in relative pronouns and their ability to construct complex sentences. Therefore it comes to the conclusion that not all students who are competent in relative pronouns are able to construct complex sentences correctly.. Conclusion After conducting the research, it can be concluded that there is a positive correlation between students competence in relative pronouns and their ability to construct complex sentences. The result can be seen from the correlation coefficient. The value of correlation coefficient (r xy ) is.6. Based on the interpretation table of correlation coefficient (r) from Arikunto (6:76), the correlation is significant because r calculated with N= are higher than r table with the significant level % (.) and the level of significant at % (.). Therefore, the hypothesis of the research is accepted. It shows that the students who are competent in relative pronouns are not necessarily good in constructing complex sentences. Bibliography Azar, Betty S. 8. Understanding and Using Grammar. New York: Pearson Education. Byrd, Patricia and Benson, Beverly.. Applied English Grammar.London: Harbrace College Handbook. Canale, Michael and Michael.Swain.8.Theoritical Bases of Communicative Approaches to Second Language Teaching and Testing.New York: OxfordUniversity Press. Danesi, Marcel. 6. Basic American Grammar and Usage. New York: Barron s Educational Series Inc. Davies, Alan.. A Glossary of Applied Linguistics. Finland: Edinburgh University Press. Sudarwati, Th.M. and Grace Eudia. 7. Look Ahead. Jakarta: Erlangga Hudson, Richard.. Teaching Grammar A Guide for the National Curriculum.Cambridge: Athenaeum Press. Overby, Butler H.. Correct Writing. Toronto: D.C. Heath and Company. Parkinson, Robert B. 3. Relative Clause. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Parrot, Martin.. Grammar for English Language Teachers. English Education Study Program November

6 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Swan, Michael and Walter, Catherine. 7. How English Works.New York: Oxford University Press. Suharsimi, Arikunto.6, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta Trask, Robert L. 3. A Dictionary of Grammatical Terms in Linguistics. London: Routledge Inc. Autobiography Eliyawati. She was born on March, st 8 in Bogor, West Java. She is the second daughter from Ramlan and Atikah. She started his study when she was six years old in Kukupu Elementary School (SDN Kukupu ) in her village. She was graduated in and she continued his study in SMPN Bogor. In, she continued his study in Bogor YKTB Vocational School (SMK YKTB Bogor) in the administration program. At that time, she was always active in an Internal Organization in his school, called OSIS. She finished his study in 7 and she continued again for his first degree (S) in Bogor. He took English Education Study Program on Faculty of teacher training and educational sciences. In she was graduated for his first degree from. She has written the paper by the title The correlation between students competence in relative pronouns and their ability to construct complex sentences. She has done the research in SMAN 7 Bogor to the second grade students. Now, she has been working at SDN Kukupu as a Teacher. English Education Study Program November

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