Ancient River Valley Civilization. Mesopotamia, Indus River Valley, Egypt, China, Phoenicians, Hebrews, and Kush

Transcription

1 Ancient River Valley Civilization Mesopotamia, Indus River Valley, Egypt, China, Phoenicians, Hebrews, and Kush

2 Vocabulary Power River Valley Civilization- Cities that arose in river valleys due to flood waters that provided fertile farm land for agriculture, drinking water, and a means for transportation. social patterns- habits and customs of a society or culture hereditary ruler- rule of people being passed down within the same family dynasty- a ruling family Pharoah- title of the rulers of Ancient Egypt Class system- Individuals grouped by economic or social patterns Ex.) Upper class, Middle Class, Lower Class

3 Vocabulary Power Slavery- The state of a person being the property of another political patterns- The characteristics of government city- states/kingdoms/empires- political units made up of the city and surrounding areas centralized government- Power or authority in a person and/ or organization Ten Commandments- Laws of conduct from God, according to biblical accounts, given to Moses

4 Vocabulary Power Code of Hammurabi- Collection of laws assembled by a king of Babylon called Hammurabi economic patterns- Characteristics of the economy (jobs, trade, money) used by groups of people agricultural surplus- More food produced than what is needed irrigation- to supply water to land by ditches, pipes, or streams etc. specialization of labor- to specialize in trade or job

5 Vocabulary Power Polytheism- belief in many gods Monotheism- Believing in one God Abraham- Founder of the Hebrew people Moses- Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites out of Egyptian slavery and delivered the Ten Commandments to them. Torah- The book containing Jewish scriptures, literature, and traditions. Exile- Forced removal from one s country or home

6 Vocabulary Power Diaspora- The exile and scattering of the Jewish tribes/ people. Pictograms- A drawing used to represent a word Hieroglyphics- A form of picture writing developed by the ancient Egyptian Cuneiform- wedge shaped writings of the ancient Sumerians and other ancient people Alphabet- a set of letters used to write a language based upon sounds not pictures.

7 Video Viewing Questions 1. The region between the Tigris and Euphrates is known as. 2. What grew as food sources grew? 3. What were city-states? 4. The Sumerians invented a form of writing called Cuneiform. True or False 5. What religion did the Hebrews find?

8 Why Did Ancient Civilizations Develop in River Valleys? During the New Stone Age, permanent settlements appeared in river valleys and around the Fertile Crescent. River valleys provided rich soil and irrigation waters for agriculture. Also, river valleys tended to be in locations easily protected from invasion by nomadic people.

9 When and where did the earliest civilizations exist? River Valley civilizations were around from about 3500 to 500 B.C.E. Mesopotamian Civilization- Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys (Southwest Asia) Egyptian civilization- Nile River Valley and Delta (Africa) Indian civilization (Indus River Valley- South Asia) Chinese civilization- Huang He Valley (East Asia)

10 What were other early civilizations (about 2000 to 500 B.C.) Hebrews settled between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River Valley (part of the Fertile Crescent in Southwest Asia) Phoenicians settled along the Mediterranean coast (part of the Fertile Crescent in Southwest Asia) Nubia was located on the upper (southern) Nile River (Africa)

11 Map Activity (YAY) Using your textbook and Atlas locate and shade your map: Egyptian Civilization (Atlas p. 19) Mesopotamia (Textbook p. 32) Phoenicia (Atlas p. 14) Jerusalem (Atlas p. 14) Sumer (Atlas p. 11) Indus (Textbook p. 51) Chinese (Atlas p. 20)

12 1. The map below is what river Valley civilization? 2. What ancient river valley is shown here as Part of the Fertile Crescent? Hint: (Tigris and Euphrates) Indus River

13 Quick Check- Open Notebook What civilization developed around the Nile River Valley? What civilization developed around the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers? What was this region known as? Where did the Hebrews settle? Why did civilizations emerge in river valleys?

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15 5 Point Vocabulary Quiz 1. Monotheism 2. Irrigation 3. agricultural surplus 4. Polytheism 5. Economic patterns a. Belief in more than one god b. characteristics of government c. jobs, money, or trade d. more food produced than what is needed e. supply water to land through pipes, ditches, or streams f. belief in one God g. to specialize in a job or trade

16 Cradles of Civilization River valleys were the Cradles of Civilization. Early civilizations made major contributions to social, political, and economic progress of the world. Thought Question: Why do historians use the term cradle?

17 What were the social patterns of early civilizations? Class System Hereditary rulers evolved where many early civilizations had dynasties of kings or pharaohs. In each early civilization a rigid class system emerged. where slavery was accepted. King/ Nobles Merchant/ Artisans Peasants (Majority of People) Slaves

18 What were political characteristics of each civilization? As civilization arose, the world s first city- states, kingdoms, and empires emerged. Eventually rival leaders battled for power and conquered many cities and villages creating an empire. Centralized governments developed as rulers united their kingdom or empire. Many leaders based their rule on religious authority.

19 What were political characteristics of each civilization? To keep order, some of the first written law codes emerged (Code of Hammurabi and Ten Commandments). The Code of Hammurabi was published when King Hammurabi brought much of Mesopotamia under his control and tried to unite his empire. He had artisans carve the laws on a stone pillar for all to see. Why? The laws operated under the principle an eye for an eye.

20 Code of Hammurabi Examples If a man breaks into a house, he shall be killed in front of that break-in and buried there. If a son struck his father, his hand shall be cut off.

21 What were the economic characteristics of each civilization? As bronze and iron was discovered, metal tools and weapons were used which helped advance civilization. Better tools, the invention of the plow and irrigation developed which helped create an agricultural surplus and an increase in population. Increasing trade along rivers and by sea (Ex. Phoenicianssea-going civilization-- Fertile Crescent) Development of the world s first cities Development of the practice of slavery in the ancient world taking various forms

22 What were the economic characteristics of each civilization? Increase in trade along rivers and by sea. Ex. )The Phoenicians- located in the Fertile Crescent were traders of the Mediterranean Other river valley civilizations enjoyed trade along the rivers in which they developed.

23 What religious traditions developed in ancient civilizations? Religion played a major part of life in all early civilizations. Polytheism was practiced by most early civilizations. Monotheism was practiced by the Hebrews

24 Bell Ringer 9/23/09 1. The Phoenicians were the first major traders along the- A. Nile B. Indus River C. Jordan River D. Mediterranean Sea

25 Quick Check 1. What was the Code of Hammurabi? 2. What increased as a result of agricultural surpluses in Ancient River Valley Civilizations? 3. True or False- A centralized government is a political characteristic that developed in ancient river valley civilizations. 4. What two metals were discovered which helped advance civilization? Why? 5. River valley civilizations were known as the of.

26 5 Point Vocabulary 1. Hereditary ruler 2. Pharoah 3. city-states 4. Abraham 5. Moses a. First leaders of the Hebrew people b. characteristics of government c. political unit with a central area and its surrounding land d. Leadership passed down through family e. supply water to land through pipes, ditches, or streams f. Leader in Ancient Egypt g. Received the Ten Commandments

27 !! Bell Ringer 1. Which of the following was a river valley civilization in Africa from about 3500 to 500 B.C. A. Mesopotamia B. India C. Egypt D. China 2. Which of the following was a code of conduct (how people should act)? A. Hieroglyphics B. Ten Commandments C. Cuneiform D. City- States

28 What were the origins of Judaism? The monotheism of Abraham became the foundation of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam- religions that changed the world. The Hebrews (Jews) were the first to become monotheists.

29 What is the Origin of Judaism? Abraham enters relationship with one all powerful God. Jerusalem turned into an impressive capital before Jews were exiled from Israel. Abraham and family moves to Canaan (the promised land) Returned to Canaan and set up the Kingdom of Israel Famine in Canaan forced many Hebrews to migrate to Egypt where they were enslaved. Moses led the Hebrews in their escape during which time God gave Moses the Ten Commandments

30 What are the beliefs, traditions, and customs of Judaism? Belief in one God (monotheism) The Torah contains written records and beliefs of Jews in five written books. The Ten Commandments state the moral and religious conduct.

31 What are Examples of the Ten Commandments? I am the Lord your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt, the house of bondage: You shall have no other gods before me. Honor your mother and father. Thou shalt not kill Thou shall not murder

32 How did Judaism Spread? Almost 2,000 years ago many Jews were forced to leave their homeland (exiled) in Palestine This diaspora, scattering of people, sent Jews to different parts of the world

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37 What forms of language and writing existed in early civilizations? Pictograms were the earliest written symbols that first evolved in (Mesopotamia)

38 Cuneiform was developed in Mesopotamia. In this form of writing, groups of signs stood for spoken sounds. This was much more useful for keeping track of complicated operations of government. Cuneiform

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40 Hieroglyphics Hieroglyphic script developed in Egypt and includes pictures, but these do not, like pictograms, represent the objects depicted. Instead the pictures represents words, sounds, and letters.

41 Hieroglyphics

42 The Alphabet The Phoenician alphabet developed which is the ancestor of the alphabet used in many parts of the world. The Phoenicians lived off of sea trading which created a need for communication and record keeping.

43 Phoenician Alphabet

44 What is this?

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47 What is this?