Air Leakage testing of Commercial Buildings. Colin Genge Retrotec Inc Everson WA, USA

Transcription

1 Air Leakage testing of Commercial Buildings Colin Genge Retrotec Inc Everson WA, USA

2 Contents Cause of air leakage Problems Sites Benefits Ventilation Air barriers Locate and seal leaks Measure leaks Case Studies

3 Multi Fan manual available free Colin Genge

4 Colin Genge

5 USACE Manual free Colin Genge

6

7 Variation in pressure over 11 winter days

8 Stack Pressure + Holes = Leaks Stack Effect Warm air rising Cold air falling

9 Primary Boundaries for cold climates

10 14 windows open at -25 C inset shows open window

11

12 Benefits of airtightness 1

13 CFM 75/ft 2 Added energy cost Impact on IAQ 0.1 0% Negligible % Small % Moderate % Large % Uncontrolled, severe Benefits of airtightness 4

14 Impact of Air Tightness Typical Multi-Unit Residential 35 Suite Electric Space Heat vs Air Leakage Rate Annual Space Heat Consumption, kwh/ m No Air Leakage Very Ti ght Tight Low Average Tight Average Tight High Average* Leaky Very Leaky, Windows Open

15 The impact of air leakage of large buildings 1

16 2010 Retrotec Inc. Real problems in large buildings 1

17 Real problems

18 Real problems in large buildings 2

19

20

21

22

23

24 Real problems in large buildings 3

25 Real problems in large buildings 4

26 Real problems in large buildings 5

27 Benefits of airtightness 7

28 Benefits of airtightness 8

29 Benefits of airtightness 3

30 Benefits of airtightness 6

31 Disconnect Floors

32 Seal shafts Elevator piston effect

33 Improved Air tightness in Elevator Shafts

34

35 shall pass 0.25 CFM/sq ft at 75 Pa Why air leakage is measured 1

36 Standards for air leakage 1

37 Required House tightness? Standard Requirement CFM75/ ft 2 Looser LEED 1.25 in 2 4 Pa / 100 ft IECC 7.0 ACH IECC 3.0 ACH Tighter Cdn R ACH Passiv Haus 0.6 ACH

38 Large Bldg tightness? 4 story building, 120 x 110 x 40 ft, n= 0.65 CFM75 / ft 2 USA ASHRAE 90.1 Leaky 0.60 France 1.2 m 3 /m 3 /m USA IECC, Washington State 0.40 Russia 1.5 /m UK TS-1Commercial, Best 5 m 3 /m USA ASHRAE 90.1 Average 0.30 USA USACE, IGCC 0.25 Looser Tighter UK TS-1Commercial Tight 2 m 3 /m 3 /m USA ASHRAE 90.1 Tight 0.10

39 0.1 to 0.6 CFM 75 /ft 2 total envelope = 0.4 to Pa /m 2 Guideline air leakage levels 1

40 Why air leakage is measured 2

41 Why air leakage is measured 3

42 Compartmentalize the laundry room

43 Recommendations Assemblies-0.01 cfm Walls 0.1 cfm Slabs 0.01 cfm Paint all block walls Seal all shafts at each floor Enclose elevator lobbies from slab to slab Electronic exhaust fan & fire dampers

44

45 2010 Retrotec Inc. Typical air leakage sites 1

46 Locate leaks with door fan using smoke, infrared, hand

47 Door fan finds leaks

48 Door fans and infrared camera

49 Typical air leakage sites 4

50 Smoke Testing Used to Confirm Air Barrier Discontinuity

51 Why air leakage is measured 4

52 Т=-22⁰С Т=+19⁰С ΔТ=41 ⁰С

53 ΔP= + 8 Pa

54 ΔP= - 8 Pa

55 Without and With depressurization

56

57

58 Sealing air leakage sites Using a door fan increases effectiveness of air seal crew Longevity of air sealing

59 Sealing air leaks

60 Typical air leakage sites 3

61

62 Typical air leakage sites 2

63

64 Door-Fan components panel + calibrated fan +gauges

65 Bigger

66 Seal these

67 Open interior doors

68 Setting up the test fans

69 What components of buildings can be measured?

70 Building components that can be measured 1

71 Building components that can be measured 2

72 Building components that can be measured 3

73 Building components that can be measured 4

74 Building components that can be measured 5

75 Measuring apartment air leakage

76

77 Measure Entire Envelope

78 Measure Entire Envelope

79

80

81

82

83

84 Slab leakage total floor leakage

85

86 2010 Retrotec Inc Retrotec Inc. Building components that can be measured 5

87 Building components that can be measured 6

88 Building components that can be measured 7

89

90

91 Canada CGSB USA ASTM E Europe EN13829 UK Standards for air leakage 1

92 Canada CGSB UK TS-1 Europe EN13829 USA Air Leakage Protocol Standards for air leakage 1

93

94 ASTM USACE Reason Bias readings accuracy Max. bias 42% 30% & 10 % accuracy Height restriction Yes No Flexibility Temperature & wind restriction Yes No Flexibility Min. test pressure 10 Pa 25 Pa stability Min. # building/flow readings accuracy Min. test point interval 10s 20s accuracy Gauge accuracy 5% 1% accuracy

95 2010 Retrotec Inc.

96 2010 Retrotec Inc.

97 Standard ASTM CGSB EN13829 ATTMA USACE LEED Origin USA Canada Europe UK USA WA State Acceptable conditions 41 to 95 F < 5 mph wind <12.4 mph wind <13.4 mph wind height x ΔT<500m C <13.4 mph wind height x ΔT<250m C 95% confidence interval World 41 to 95 F < 5 mph wind Standardized measurement methods 1

98 Standard ASTM CGSB EN13829 ATTMA USACE WA State LEED Origin USA Canada Europe UK USA WA State North America Range 10 to 60 Pa 15 to 50 Pa 10 to 50 Pa 10 to 60 Pa 25 to 75 Pa 25 to 80 Pa 10 to 60 Pa Standardized measurement methods 2

99 Standard ASTM CGSB EN13829 ATTMA USACE WA State LEED Number of points , 2, or Retrotec Inc. Standardized measurement methods 3

100 Standard ASTM CGSB EN13829 ATTMA USACE WA State LEED Direction Both Depress. Both Both Both Both Standardized measurement methods 4

101 Standard ASTM CGSB EN13829 ATTMA Origin USA Canada Europe USA WA State Results EfLA 4 ACH 50 CFM 50 EqLA 10 m 3 /h 50 /m 2 ACH 50 m 3 /h 4 /m 2 ACH 50 USACE LEED IECC North Americ a CFM 75 /ft 2 EfLA 4 ACH 50 CFM 25 /100 ft 2 Suggest using only: ACH50 EqLA 50/Floor area x 1,000,000 Unitless Always whole number Calibrate against holes of known sizes Always reference results to 50 Pa Standardized measurement methods 5

102

103 Numerous Apartment Buildings Tested

104

105

106 Leakage on all 6 sides cm 2 /m 50 Pa

107 Exterior Walls Exterior Walls - Normalized Leakage 50 Pa Normalized Leakage Area (cm 2 /m 2 ) Bldg. 2 - Polyethyelene/ SBPO Housewrap Bldg. 4 - Polyethylene/Building Paper 4.79 Bldg Peel and Stick/Gypsum 2.52 Bldg Peel and Stick/Gypsum 4.14 Bldg Peel and Stick/Gypsum 2.68 Bldg. A - Peel and Stick/Gypsum

108 Party Walls Suite Demising Walls by Type - Normalized Leakage 50 Pa Normalized Leakage Area (cm 2 /m 2 ) Concrete - Bldg. A Concrete - Bldg. A Wood Frame - Bldg Stair Wood Frame - Bldg Wood Frame - Bldg SS Gypsum - Bldg lounge 3.30 SS Gypsum - Bldg SS Gypsum - Bldg SS Gypsum - Bldg

109 Floor Leakage Floors by Type - Normalized Leakage 50 Pa Normalized Leakage Area (cm 2 /m 2 ) Wood - Building Wood/Conc Topped - Building 4 (4th) Wood/Conc Topped - Building 4 (3rd) 0.16 Concrete - Building A (8th) 0.57 Concrete - Building A (9th) Concrete - Building 3 (3rd) Concrete - Building 3 (4th) Concrete - Building 3 (6th)

110 Air leakage Test Protocol for U.S. Army Corps Buildings

111 Requirements Proper design Plan review Ongoing inspection Mock up building materials Pass air leakage protocol o easy o not just the ASTM E779 standard

112 Need to know the Air Barrier

113 113

114 Guiness World Record 15,000,000 cubic feet

115

116

117 Hallenumfang = 1,2 km

118 9 x 2-Kanaldruckmessdosen mit Referenzschlauch ins Gebäudeinnere

119 Ian Jack s Guiness test in Germany Video embedded

120 Year of Construction Year of Air-barrier retrofit? Number of Stories Floor Enclosure Area Area Tested Permeablity ft2 ft ,882 76, ,882 76, ,882 76, average 0.62

121 USACE test of 300 buildings 0.17 Year of Construction Year of Air-barrier Number of retrofit? Stories Floor Enclosure Tested Area Area Permeablity ft2 ft2 average 0.17

122 Real life test: EMAD Antwerp, Belgium Envelope Area = 11,250 m CFM/ft 75Pa 8.22 m 3 /h/m 2

123 Real life test: BTC South Carolina, USA Envelope A = 136,820ft CFM/ft 75Pa

124 Real life test: Retrotec Vancouver, Canada Envelope Area = 25,000 ft CFM/ft 75Pa 7.3 m 3 /h/m 2

125

126 Imbalanced flow can be caused by individual set points. Colin Genge

127 Individual set point between zones Common set point within a zone. Colin Genge

128 Virtual Gauge Simulated Mode with results. Monitor & Control several gauges simultaneously

129 GFI compatible Links to other fans Breaker Adjust max speed

130 Common Control

131 Common Control

132 Individual Control

133

134 2010 Retrotec Inc. Types of door fan tests 3

135

136