continuing professional education. As such, it construed to be an approval or endorsement by

Transcription

1

2 This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services may be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

3 This presentation is protected by U.S. and International copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited. American Architectural American Architectural Manufacturers Association 2010

4 Comparison of the AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A lab test (referred to as NAFS-08) to the AAMA 502 quality assurance field test and the AAMA 511 forensic evaluation Determination of appropriate water test pressures, test durations and water applications via NAFS-08, AAMA , and How to specify project-specific p quality assurance field testing The proper use of AAMA 511 for forensic The proper use of AAMA 511 for forensic evaluations

5 NAFS-08 Lab Testing Performed on prototype specimen to validate product performance ratings Intro oduc ction 502 Quality Assurance Field Testing Performed on newly installed products to verify installed performance of the product and the installation 511 Forensic Testing Performed on wall assemblies with known water control problems as a means to accurately identify suspect wall construction components and details

6 NAFS Overview

7 iew verv FS Ov NAF Utilizes ASTM E 547 and/or E 331 for test methodology Test is performed under controlled environmental conditions Test sample is installed strictly per the manufacturer s instructions in a precise test buck opening

8 NAF FS Ov verv iew Conversion as per NAFS-08 15% for R, LC, CW 20% for AW Water Resistance Test Pressure is capped at psf for the U.S. and psf for Canada Gateway Requirements Performance Minimum i Minimumi Minimumi Class Design Structural test Water Pressure, Pa pressure, Pa Resistance (psf) (psf) Test Pressure, Pa (psf) R LC CW AW

9 6.00 PSF (~50 mph) Equivalent hydrostatic water head 1.16 NAFS Overview

10 7.50 PSF (~55 mph) Equivalent hydrostatic water head 1.44 NAFS Overview

11 AAMA AAMA 502

12 AAMA Original publication by AAMA AAMA Added reference to AAMA accredited laboratory and first introduced the 1/3 WTP reduction for water resistance testing of installed products AAM MA 502 AAMA Defined newly installed as prior to issuance of the occupancy permit not to exceed 6 months after installation of the fenestration product.

13 ASTM E 783 Field Measurement of Air Leakage through Installed Exterior Windows and Doors AAM MA 502 ASTM E 1105 Field Determination of Water Penetration of Installed Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls and Doors by Uniform or Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference

14 Requires testing agency to report and make adjustments for ambient conditions. In some cases, temporary enclosures are required to reduce adverse effects of wind and temperature at the project site. 502 MA 5 AAM

15 The default air leakage for quality assurance field testing is 1.5 times the applicable laboratory standard d for the product type and performance class 502 MA 5 AAM

16 TO OUTSIDE BAROMETRIC PRESSURE ALTERNATE TEST CHAMBER PRESSURE MEASURING DEVICE TEST CHAMBER EXHAUST VALVE AAM MA 502 PRESSURE GAUGE VALVE CALIBRATED WATER SPRAY RACK W THE CHAMBER SHALL NOT BE PERMITTED TO MAKE ANY CONTACT WITH THE FENESTRATION PRODUCT AIR SYSTEM INNERMOST PLANE FOR WATER PENETRATION (REFERENCE PARAGRAPH 4.3.4) 4)

17 Requires testing agency to report and make adjustments for ambient conditions Test is performed on the entire fenestration product opening 502 MA 5 AAM

18 The test pressure shall not be less than 91Pa(19psf) ( MA 5 AAM Tests shall be conducted at a static test pressure equal to 2/3 of the tested and rated laboratory performance per AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S. 2/A440

19 AAM MA Newly installed fenestration product(s) shall be field tested in accordance with AAMA 502, "Voluntary Specification for Field Testing of Newly Installed Fenestration Products." 2. Test three (unless otherwise specified) of the fenestration product specimens after the products have been completely installed for air leakage resistance and water penetration resistance as specified. 3. Air leakage resistance tests shall be conducted at a uniform static test pressure of Pa ( psf). The maximum allowable rate of air leakage shall not exceed L/s m2 ( cfm/ft2) 4. Water penetration resistance tests shall be conducted at a static test pressure of Pa ( psf). No water penetration shall occur as defined in Section of AAMA 502

20 1/3 reduction to the laboratory rating of the WTP is the default Sill Dam test is removed from 502 and moved to the 511 document 502 MA 5 AAM

21 Method A Product only testing has been eliminated from the and moved to AAMA MA 5 AAM If the source of the water cannot be determined, a forensic evaluation using the procedures outlined in AAMA 511 shall be performed

22 AAMA AAMA 503

23 AAM MA 503 AAMA 503 was originally published in 1992 AAMA 503 is a similar document to AAMA 502 for Storefronts, Curtain Walls & Sloped Glazing Systems. Updated in 2003 & 2008 AAMA Defined newly installed as prior to issuance of the occupancy permit not to exceed 6 months after issuance of the occupancy permit.

24 AAMA 503

25 Storefronts Curtain Wall Sloped Glazing AAMA 503

26 503 MA 5 AAM Curtain Wall Chamber Arrangement

27 Storefronts Curtain Wall Sloped Glazing AAMA 503

28 Sloped Glazing Systems Chamber Arrangement 503 MA 5 AAM

29 Storefronts Curtain Wall Sloped Glazing AAMA 503

30 Forensic Investigation

31 ASTM References in AAMA 511 n Fore ensic Inve estig gatio ASTM E 2128, Standard Guide for Evaluating Water Leakage of Building Walls This guide describes methods for determining and evaluating water leakage of exterior walls. A wall is considered a system including its exterior and interior finishes, fenestration, and structural components.

32 n Fore ensic Inve estig gatio Involves more than just testing The purpose of diagnostic testing is to recreate water leaks that t are known to occur AAMA 511 testing either follows up on AAMA 502 and 503 testing or is used in a water intrusion investigation

33 n Fore ensic Inve estig gatio The ultimate goal of 511 diagnostic testing is to recreate existing leakage behavior that occurs under in-service conditions.

34 n Fore ensic Inve estig gatio Four Preliminary Steps prior to testing Review of project documents Evaluation of design concept Determination of service history Inspection Three Steps During and After Testing Investigative Testing Analysis Report

35 n Fore ensic Inve estig gatio Step #1: Review Project Documents Architectural drawings Structural drawings Shop drawings Installation instructions Contracts Purchase orders Specifications Warranties

36 n Fore ensic Inve estig gatio Step # 2: Evaluation of Design Concept Water management concept Critical details Test reports Flashing Sealants Weep Holes

37 n gatio estig c Inve ensic Fore Step # 3: Determination of Service History Review maintenance records Interview knowledgeable personnel Research leak history

38 n Fore ensic Inve estig gatio Step #4: Inspection Interior observations Exterior observations Observe workmanship Observe product deficiency Develop a hypothesis for the source of the water intrusion

39 Forensic Investigation

40 n Fore ensic Inve estig gatio Determination is based on: Field Standards Laboratory Standards Prior Testing Weather Data Experience

41 n Fore ensic Inve estig gatio Simulate the weather events Obtain wind speed If calculated wind speed is greater then 2/3 of the rated WTP for the product it may be that the product was not the most appropriate for the project. At least one pressure difference test must be done at the 2/3 pressure

42 n Fore ensic Inve estig gatio ASCE 7 accounts for: Exposure Height above grade Basic wind speed (or weather data) Location of specimen within façade

43 Forensic Investigation

44 n gatio estig c Inve ensic Fore The objective of testing is to identify the leak paths

45 Exam mple 1 MA 511- AAM Consistent leaks more than one year Heaviest leakage twice during September 2005 Class II Building height is 33 ft., window (z) is 27 ft. above ground Window is 4 high x 4 wide, wind area (A) of 16 ft 2 AAMA rating C35

46 AAMA 511 Example #1

47 Estimating the Test Pressure Exam mple MA 5 AAM ASCE/SEI 7 05 analysis is used with the following information: Location of building (Newark, NJ) Building usage designation (Class II) Exposure level (Exposure B) Building ud gdesign (enclosed structure with a flat roof ) Building height (33 ft.) Window area (16 square ft.) From these features, the water resistance test pressure is, theoretically, 2.4 psf.

48 Exam mple 1 Local weather data is analyzed by daily readings for September of 2005, allowing the investigator to observe the weather condition, amount of precipitation it ti and maximum wind speed for each day MA 511- AAM

49 AAMA 511 Example #1

50 Exam mple MA 5 AAM The maximum 5 second gust wind speeds are recorded for every day in September in which measurable rainfall occurred Date Rain Fall (in) Max Wind Speed (mph) 5-Sec. Gust 4-Sep Sep Sep

51 Exam mple MA 5 AAM Only two leak events are reported during September 2005 Average wind determined to be 34 mph Date Rain Fall (in) Max Wind Speed (mph) 5-Sec. Gust 4-Sep Sep Sep

52 Exam mple 1 MA 511- AAM Result = 2.1 psf which is the differential pressure used to evaluate the window opening in question Weather data analysis is used to determine field water penetration resistance pressure Table 3 of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S. 2/A shows tested water penetration resistance pressure The result of the weather data analysis (2.2 psf ) is the differential pressure used to evaluate the window opening in question

53 Exam mple 2 MA 511- AAM Leak Reported during storm on September 21, 2005 Class II, Exposure C Building height is 60 ft., window (z) is 55 ft. above ground Window is 2 high x 2 wide, wind area (A) of 4 ft2 AAMA rating C35

54 Estimating the Test Pressure Exam mple MA 5 AAM ASCE/SEI 7 05 analysis is used with the following information: i Location of building (Chicago, Il) Building usage designation (Class II) Exposure level (Exposure C) Building design (enclosed structure with a flat roof ) Building height (60 ft.) Window area (4 square ft.) From these features, the water resistance test pressure is, theoretically, 3.2 psf.

55 Exam mple MA 5 AAM Referring to tabulated local weather data above, the investigator can determine and record the maximum 5 second gust speeds on the date of the reported leak Date Rain Fall (in) Max Wind Speed (mph) 5-Sec. Gust 21-Sep

56 11- Exam mple 2 AAM MA 5 52 mph can now be used in Eq from SEI/ASCE 7 05 to establish a wind pressure of psf Since specimen height is above 60 feet above grade, this wind pressure is inserted into Eq to calculate maximum test pressure Result = 8.4 psf, which is greater than the laboratory water penetration ti resistance it test tpressure of psf as prescribed for a C 35 product rating. Since calculated differential air test pressure exceeds the rated performance value for the product, investigator shall first perform at least 1 test at 2/3 of the product performance rating prior to testing at calculated pressure.

57 Interior Weep Holes Water shall cover all horizontal surfaces expected to be wet Tape applied over Exterior Weep Test Water Head measured from bottom of exterior wrap AAMA 511 Example #2

58 he Le eak reating t Recr Need to determine: How to apply water How long to run test Whether or not to include differential pressure How much air pressure How to step or phase pressure

59 Recreating the Leak

60 Recreating the Leak

61 eak reating the Le Recr How long would you test these substrates?

62 eak reating the Le Recr Which application best fulfills the objective?

63 Recreating the Leak

64 Recreating the Leak

65 eak reating the Le Recr How does differential pressure affect the test specimen?

66 eak reating the Le Recr Start with zero differential pressure then step up to higher pressures

67 Recreating the Leak

68 Recreating the Leak

69 ng t he Le eak Recr reati Start testing at lower elevations and work higher Introduce one new element at a time into each new water test Use isolation to protect features from water spray Do not turn the water off at the first moment a leak appears Try to trace the leak from the exterior to the interior and use destructive wall probes as required to identify this leak path Do not end non-leaking tests until you are confident the specimen is not contributing to leakage

70 he Le eak ng t reati Recr No or limited leak history Leak reported as window leak when leak is actually from another source Not enough water pressure Not able to achieve differential pressure Owner does not want to remove interior finishes No or limited access to concealed wall areas Inclement weather Isolation failures

71 Identifying the Source

72 Identifying the Source

73 Identifying the Source

74 Identifying the Source

75 Identifying the Source

76 Analysis s and Rep porti ng The forensic investigator has the responsibility to make every attempt to ascertain the exact path of water intrusion Conclusions are formed in this step on the basis of the inspection and testing data collected in the previous steps. If conclusions cannot be fully supported by sound scientific principles then additional investigation is needed

77 Analysis s and Rep porti ng All reports shall be self-contained documents Shall include justification for deviations from the methodology described in the standard The reports shall not include any unsubstantiated opinions or conclusions. If results are not conclusive the forensic investigator shall present options for obtaining conclusive results

78 Please take a moment to complete the evaluation form. Thank You.