Early English Colonies
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1 Early English Colonies
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4 An Overview of Early English Colonies 1607 Jamestown First Anglo-Powhatan War 1619 House of Burgesses Second Anglo-Powhatan War 1620 Plymouth 1624 Virginia became a Royal Colony Massachusetts Bay Colony Maryland Connecticut 1636 Harvard University Pequot War 1647 Rhode Island 1647 Massachusetts Bay education laws 1662 Halfway Covenant 1663 Carolina 1664 New Netherland became New York and New Jersey 1675 King Philip s War Bacon s Rebellion Pennsylvania
5 Joint Stock Companies The Virginia Companies 1607 Virginia Co. of Plymouth Failed to establish a colony near the Kennebec River 1607 Virginia Company of London Established a colony on the James River Settlers sought quick riches Colony survived by the military discipline imposed by John Smith (but 400 of 500 settlers died by 1609) First Anglo-Powhatan War 1619 tobacco becomes profitable (John Rolfe) 1619 House of Burgesses established Second Anglo-Powhatan War 1624 Kings James revoked the company s charter (becomes a royal colony)
6 1620 Plymouth Colony Separatist Puritans November 1620 Mayflower Compact A self-governing community of farming families Half of settlers died in first 4 months Intimidated local Native Americas (Wampanoags) Mile Standish Successful in farming and fur trade
7 Massachusetts Bay Company (1630) Harassed by Charles I and Anglican bishops Non-separatist Puritans Led by John Winthrop City on a hill Established the seat of the company in Massachusetts More organized and more successful than previous colonies Ultimately more people were granted political rights than anywhere in Europe at the time. Established public education Founded Harvard University
8 Crises in New England Success also led to internal tensions and challenges to Puritan rule Roger Williams -- separation of church & state Anne Hutchinson -- antinomianism The Halfway Covenant A realistic compromise or a failure? King Philip s War causes: Pressure on Indians to sell land Increased authority over Indians Result: ended Native American resistance in New England Salem Witch Trials -- a result of social/economic changes.
9 Conflict with Native Americans Rapid expansion led to conflicts with Native Americans (Pequots) King Philip s War causes: Pressure on Indians to sell land Increased authority over Indians Result: ended Native American resistance in New England
10 Chesapeake region
11 The Chesapeake Region The economy was based on tobacco Required a substantial workforce Virginia: Anglican Church Taxes paid to church Few ministers Government: Royal governor, House of Burgesses, Governor s Council English county-court system for local government Headright system
12 The Chesapeake Region Maryland Granted by Charles I to Cecilius Calvert (Lord Baltimore) Established as a refuge for Catholics 1649 Act of Religious Toleration 1654 Protestants barred Catholics from voting
13 The Chesapeake Region Bacon s Rebellion ( ) Causes: The wealthy gained from the headright system, while the poor suffered Economic depression Many landowners excluded from political influence Conflict with Native Americans Towards Governor Berkeley and Lord Baltimore Berkeley s refusal to allow Nathaniel Bacon to lead a war of extermination. Sigificance?
14 Chesapeake region
15 Carolina 1663 Charles II granted the area to a group of proprietors Anthony Ashley Cooper 1669 established a headright system Envisioned a manoral society led by nobility Plan was ignored by settlers In the south rice grown on plantations became the economic base Importation of an African slave workforce Became the wealthiest English colony
16 Chesapeake region
17 Middle Colonies Begun as New Netherland and New Sweden Included a diversity of nationalities and religious views Based primarily on fur trade with the Iroquois, and the resulting commerce 1664 taken over by England Charles II made his brother, James, the proprietor Renamed the area, New York James continued the Patroon system
18 Middle Colonies New Jersey 1664 given, by James, to a group of proprietors 1702 became Royal Colony Because religious bickering made it impossible for the proprietors to govern Pennsylvania Granted by Charles II to William Penn Established as a Holy Experiment following Quaker principles Full religious toleration Fair treatment of Native Americans Created a government with a strong executive and a weak legislature Economy based on the export of crops Dissension arose over political power and economic freedom 1704 the southern counties seceded and became the colony o Delaware.
19 Chesapeake region
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