1. In your text the authors discuss a patient named Donna. The point of the dialogue was to illustrate:

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1 Section: Chapter 13: Multiple Choice 1. In your text the authors discuss a patient named Donna. The point of the dialogue was to illustrate: p.489 brain recovery after a closed-head injury. the many facets of memory. the many facets of brain plasticity. the intricacies of motor learning. 2. Learning and memory: p.490 are directly observable. are inferred from behavior. cannot be generalized from one species to another. are rarely studied in a laboratory. 3. A stimulus followed by food, followed by salivation, is a learning paradigm called: p.491 Pavlovian conditioning. classical conditioning. respondent conditioning. 4. Eye-blink conditioning is an example of: p.491 respondent conditioning. instrumental conditioning. operant conditioning. fear conditioning. 1

2 5. Eye-blink conditioning involves neural circuits in the: cerebellum. amygdala. orbital frontal cortex. occipital lobe. p Fear conditioning involves neural circuits in the: p.492 hypothalamus. amygdala. frontal lobe. cerebellum. 7. Pressing a bar in order to obtain food is an example of: respondent conditioning. classical conditioning. instrumental conditioning. operant conditioning. E. c and d. p Instrumental conditioning circuits are found: in the amygdala. in the cerebellum. throughout the brain. a and b. pp

3 9. The Morris water maze described in your book is an example of: visuospatial learning. operant conditioning. respondent conditioning. a and b. E. a and c. p In the Morris water maze task described in your book, animals: p.493 show visuospatial learning. learn gradually. can show a learning set. 11. Implicit memory has been demonstrated in: verbal tasks. motor tasks. a and b. neither a nor b. p Another term for implicit memory would be: p.496 skill. working. declarative. episodic. 13. Another word for explicit memory would be: reference. skill. habit. episodic. p.496 3

4 14. Explicit memory is to implicit memory as: skill is to fact. conscious is to unconscious. semantic is to episodic. reference is to working. p Amnesiacs generally lose the ability to do: p.495 explicit and implicit memory tasks. explicit memory tasks. implicit memory tasks. any verbal-content tasks but not motor tasks. 16. Which of the following would be regarded as examples of explicit learning? p.496 Pavlov's classical conditioning Thorndike's instrumental learning Skinner's operant learning none of the above 17. Implicit memory relies on: "top-down" processing. data-driven processing. "bottom-up" processing. b and c. p Which of the following structures plays an important role in short-term memory or temporary memory? p.498 temporal lobes frontal lobes occipital lobes parietal lobes 4

5 19. Martin and colleagues showed subjects black-and-white line drawings of objects and asked them to generate words denoting either colors of the objects or actions of the objects. While doing the task PET scans were recorded. They found activation in the: p.499 frontal lobes. temporal lobes. parietal lobes. 20. H. M., the memory patient described in your text, received the following surgical procedure: p.500 bilateral removal of the frontal lobes. bilateral removal of the temporal lobes. removal of the left temporal lobe. removal of the left frontal lobe. 21. Karl Lashley is remembered for his discovery: p.499 of operant conditioning. of the localized nature of memory. that memory loss was a function of the size of the lesion and not the location. that the temporal lobes are the location of memory. 22. Which of the following was largely unaffected after the memory patient H. M.'s surgery? p.500 implicit memory verbal memory explicit memory visual spatial memory 5

6 23. The patient J. K. had Parkinson's disease. He showed a deficit in: verbal memory. visual spatial memory. implicit memory. explicit memory. p Which of the following areas is most likely involved in visual spatial memory? p.503 basal ganglia parahippocampal region perirhinal region limbic region 25. Which of the following areas is most likely to play a role in visual object memory? p.503 parahippocampal region limbic lobe perirhinal region basal ganglia 26. Which of the following areas first shows cell death in Alzheimer's disease? p.503 hippocampus entorhinal cortex perirhinal cortex parahippocampal cortex 27. In recent studies the hippocampus has been implicated in: p.505 memory for faces. visual object memory. memory for places. verbal memory. 6

7 28. The frontal lobe appears to be involved in: spatial memory. memory for faces. verbal memory. memory for the temporal order of events. p Patients with Korsakoff's syndrome usually have: a thiamine deficiency. atrophy of the frontal lobes. only a deficit in implicit memory. a and b. pp Mishkin and his colleagues have hypothesized that the is (are) central to implicit memory. p.508 hippocampus basal ganglia frontal lobes medial temporal cortex 31. It has been argued that emotional memory involves which of the following structures? p.510 thalamus hypothalamus amygdala a and b 7

8 32. Changes in dendritic morphology: occur spontaneously over days or weeks. indirectly represent new connections between widely separated brain regions. imply the addition or subtraction of synapses. a and c. E. pp Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) experiments have found that new neurons have been generated in the adult mammalian brain. These neurons migrate to: frontal lobes. olfactory bulbs. hippocampus. a and b. E. pp Enriched environments in adult rats have been shown to increase the number of: neurons. synapses. blood capillaries. b and c. pp Cortical representation of motor parts (e.g., fingers): is fixed during development. can be altered by experience. can be altered as a result of amputation of a limb. b and c. pp

9 36. The phenomena of phantom limb after amputation could most easily be explained by: encroachment of the denervated cortex area by some other part of the body. Thus when that part of the body is stimulated, the brain is tricked into thinking that the limb still exists. stimulation of the nerve endings of the stump. collateral stimulation of the thalamus. degeneration of the cortical area representing the lost limb. p It is true of linguistic abilities that: they are the same in males and females. females have better verbal skills than males. sex differences in verbal abilities are present as early as 9 years of age. b and c. p Prolonged exposure to the hormones called glucocorticoids: increases dendrite density in the hippocampus. kills cells in the hippocampus. decreases glial numbers. increases spatial memory. p Neurotrophic factors: reorganize neural circuits. are produced by neurons. are produced by glial cells. b and c. E. pp

10 40. Which of the following statements is incorrect? Middle-aged men show a drop in testosterone. Rats who have the testes removed in adulthood show a decrease in cortical spine density. Middle-aged men show a drop in spatial ability. Estrogen levels can affect cognitive abilities. p Repeated exposure to amphetamine or cocaine: decreases spine density in the frontal cortex. results in a lower response when given a second time. results in a long-lasting change in the brain. p After brain damage, new connections can be encouraged by: pharmacological intervention. behavior therapy. a and b. none of the above. p Transplanting brain tissue: works as well as transplanting other organs. effectively reverses Parkinson's disease. is especially effective in the cortex. is not a very effective technique. p Injecting epidermal growth factor into animals with frontal cortex removal: functionally re-grows the cortex including neurons. re-grows the cortical neurons but they do not restore function. fills in the hole with undifferentiated progenitor cells. has no effect on the lesion. p

11 45. A patient named Boswell was described in your text as having severe amnesia-both for events prior to and after his illness-while maintaining implicit memory. His brain damage included the: E. p Alzheimer's disease: medial temporal cortex. basal ganglia. sensory cortex. motor cortex. can only be positively diagnosed at autopsy. is characterized by cortical plaques. is associated with a loss of cholinergic cells in the basal forebrain. b and c. E. p.504 Answer Key 11

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