COLUMBIA. Research program

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1 Silviculture Prescription Data Collection Field Handbook Interpretive Guide for Data Collection, Site Stratification, and Sensitivity Evaluation for Silviculture Prescriptions M. Curran, I. Davis, and B. Mitchell DKJTIoH COLUMBIA Ministry of Forests Research program

2 CONTENTS Preface ; iii Acknowledgements 1 Introduction 1 2 Office Preparation, Stratification, Plot Establishment, and Mapping Procedure Office Preparation Stratification and Procedures for Plot Establishment Aerial photo stratification Field inspection route Plot sampling procedures Mapping Procedures Proposed Standards Units Proposed reserves Final map preparation 14 3 Data Collection Procedures for Silviculture Prescription Field Forms Field Data Forms Silviculture Prescription Plot Card (FS 39A) Silviculture Prescription Stratum Card (FS 39B) Data Collection Procedures Silviculture Prescription Plot Card (FS 39A) 18 REFERENCE DATA LICENCE NO Licensee Cutting Permit (C.P.) Block Stratum x8 6. Plot No Surveyor(s) Location 18 SITE DATA Elevation (m) Aspect Slope (%) BGC Zone, Subzone, Variant Moisture Nutrients 20 iii

3 15. Slope Position Surface Shape Slope Length and Uniformity Slope Continuity Gullies/100 m 28 UNDERSTOREY DATA Understorey (indicator/abundant species) Coarse Woody Debris Competing Vegetation/Noxious Weeds Comments 32 OVERSTOREY DATA Overstorey Layer Condition/% Acceptable/Comments Sample Tree Data (mature layer) 33 SOILS DATA Forest Floor Depth (cm) Humus Form 36 SOIL HORIZONS Horizon Depth (cm) : Texture Plasticity Coarse Fragments Percent and Size Colour/Moisture Rooting Depth (cm) Drainage Seasonal Soil Factors Unfavourable Substrates Landform/Parent Material Soil Classification/Association Surface Organic Matter/Soil Characteristics Coarse Fragment Bedrock/Lithology 59 SOIL HAZARD ASSESSMENT Soil Hazard Assessment Soil Hazard Summary Comments/Soil Pit Indicators of Potential Slope Instability LANDSLIDE FEATURES VEGETATION FEATURES SLOPE FEATURES SOIL FEATURES BEDROCK/ROCKSLIDE FEATURES 74

4 6. ROAD FEATURES GULLY FEATURES OTHER INDICATORS Comments/Diagram Silviculture Prescription Stratum Card (FS 39B) 77 REFERENCE DATA Licence No Licensee Cutting Permit (C.P.) Block Stratum Area (ha) Stratum Surveyor(s) Plot Numbers in Stratum 78 SITE DATA BGC Zone, Subzone, Variant Elevation (m) Slope (%) Criteria-Defining Stratum RIPARIAN/WATERSHED VALUES Streams Other Water bodies/number and Type of Water body Gullies (Optional for Interior sites) Watershed Values 86 RESERVES Reserves 88 HAZARD/INSTABILITY Soil Hazard/Instability Summary Fire Hazard Abatement Windthrow Hazard 89 SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS/OBJECTIVES Silvicultural Systems/Management Objectives 90 HARVESTING Harvesting 91 FOREST HEALTH Forest Health Factor Incidence 92 SILVICULTURE Limiting Factors 93 SOILS 93 HEALTH 95 CLIMATIC 96 OTHER 98 EXPLAIN AND COMMENT 99

5 25. Tree Establishment Site Preparation 100 STAND TENDING Vegetation Competition (Brushing) Spacing/Pruning/Fertilization 101 RESOURCE VALUES/CONCERNS Plant Diversity Faunal Diversity First Nations/Traditional Use/Cultural Heritage Landscape/Recreation Other Range Summary 108 APPENDICES 1 Silviculture prescription terminology Silviculture Prescription Plot Card (FS39A) Silviculture Prescription Stratum Card (FS39B) Precipitation factors for biogeoclimatic subzones by forest region Forest floor displacement hazard key Mass wasting hazard key Further references and information sources Ecosystem classification Site and silvicultural interpretation Wildlife Fish Plant identification Insects and diseases Forest Practice Guidebooks referenced in the text 152 References 153 TABLES 1 Types of maps that can provide information for silviculture prescription data collection 3 2 General implications of soil texture for forest management 41 3 Guide for approximating soil texture class using hand texturing 42 4 General implications of soil plasticity for forest management 47 5 Soil drainage class 49 6 Summary characteristics of parent materials and landforms 56 7 Specified riparian zone widths for stream riparian classes 82

6 FIGURES 1 Example of the delineation of site units on different segments of a landscape 8 2 Simple and compound map units (strata) 9 3 Example of a transect for plot sampling a cutblock 10 4 Map units stratified into two Standards Units 13 5 Key for identifying soil moisture regimes 21 6 Key for evaluating site factors and determining soil moisture regime classes 22 7 Key for identifying soil nutrient regime factors on non-saturated sites 23 8 Key for identifying soil nutrient regime factors on saturated sites 24 9 Relationships between available soil nutrients and soil properties The location of mesoslope position within a macroslope toposequence Illustration of site surface shape Schematic illustration of short slope length Schematic illustration of long slope length Schematic illustration of a discontinuous slope Schematic illustration of a continuous slope Comparison charts for visual estimation of vegetation cover or coarse fragments Typical examples of Mor, Moder, and Mull humus forms and their distinguishing characteristics Key for identifying humus forms Schematic soil profile (cm) Key for estimating soil texture in the field Generalized drainage patterns and drainage classes for soils as influenced by slope position Cross-sectional diagram of interior valley landforms Cross-sectional diagram of interior plain/plateau landforms Key to the identification of parent materials Soil classification key to the Great Group level Key to the identification of rocks Slump/earth flow features The three principal types of shallow slope failures in surficial deposits Characteristics of a moving debris flow Key to lake riparian classification Key to wetland riparian classification British Columbia's wildlife tree classification system 103