Ad Hoc Multihop Wireless Networking for Mobile Devices. Name: Alex Song Supervisor: Dr Mark Schulz Web Page:
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1 Ad Hoc Multihop Wireless Networking for Mobile Devices Name: Alex Song Supervisor: Dr Mark Schulz Web Page:
2 Seminar Outline Describe the thesis and the need for it. Compare the features of current commercial products and my thesis. Technical details of my thesis. Current status of the thesis project.
3 Thesis description To implement an ad hoc multihop routing protocol for IPv4 which will allow a dynamic network of mobile and handheld devices to be self-organizing and self-configuring.
4 Thesis description
5 Applications for thesis project Search and rescue missions. Conferences and meetings. Any application where there is no preexisting networking infrastructure. Can also form a wireless extension to existing networks.
6 Commercial Products IEEE Wireless LAN Bluetooth (version 1.1) Both technologies can only single hop in ad hoc mode.
7 Piconet II features Provide multihop capabilities to existing hardware and software platforms eg. Linux/x86 and Linux/arm/iPAQ. Compatibility with standard IP networks. Transparent to existing TCP/IP applications.
8 TCP/IP Network Model Application (Telnet, FTP, DNS) Transport (TCP, UDP) Internet (IP) Host-to-network (802.11, Bluetooth)
9 Routing Protocol Dynamic Source Routing Protocol.(DSR) Internet draft: draft-ietf-manet-dsr-05.txt Current draft does not support packet fragmentation. Plan to extend draft and add support for packet fragmentation.
10 Why Dynamic Source Routing? Not a complex protocol. Low packet overhead. Routes efficiently. Does not require promiscuous mode and supports uni-directional links.
11 Dynamic Source Routing Route Discovery. Packet Forwarding. Route Maintenance.
12 Route Discovery B id=2 B, id=2 F A id=2 C D C, id=2 CD, id=2 E CDE, id=2
13 Packet Forwarding B F A D CDE, n=1 CDE, n=0 CDE, n=3 C CDE, n=2 E
14 Route Maintenance B F A D CDE, n=3 C CDE, n=2 E
15 DSR on IPv4 IP options field (40 bytes) too small. DSR protocol uses a special header which can be included in any IP packet. The DSR header format is similar to the options format of IPv6.
16 DSR Header Format Standard IP packet IP Header Transport Layer Data Standard IP packet with DSR options IP Header DSR Header DSR Options Transport Layer Data
17 DSR Header Format IPv4 Header Version IHL Type of Service Total Length Identification D F M F Fragment Offset Time To Live Protocol Header Checksum DSR Header Source Address Destination Address Next Header Reserved Payload Length
18 DSR Options Route Request Option. Route Reply Option. Route Error Option. Acknowledgement Request Option. Acknowledgement Reply Option. Source Route Option. Pad1 and PadN Options.
19 DSR Options Format Route Request Option Option Type Opt Data Len Identification Target Address Address[1]... Address[n]
20 Why Implement on Linux? Open Source - access to existing TCP/IP code. Available on multiple platforms - x86, arm, sparc, powerpc etc. Allows kernel code to be written as modules, which can be inserted and removed at anytime.
21 Linux TCP/IP Network Layers Network Applications User Space Kernel Space Socket Interface BSD Sockets INET Sockets TCP UDP Protocol Layers IP ARP Network Devices Ethernet, PPP, Bluetooth.
22 Linux Netfilter A framework that allows kernel modules to observe and modify packets as they pass through the IP stack. New architecture, available in Linux 2.4 Used for packet filtering, packet mangling and network address translation (NAT).
23 Netfilter Architecture PRE_ROUTE Static Routing FORWARD POST_ROUTE Static Routing LOCAL_IN LOCAL_OUT - 5 Hooks defined for IPv4. - functions register to listen at specific hooks. - functions are called in order of priority when a packet arrives at a hook.
24 Current Progress Written a kernel module. Packet forwarding implemented with static routes. Can forward ICMP and all transport protocols like TCP and UDP. The DSR network can access standard IP networks via a PC gateway running NAT.
25 Current Progress CSEE IP Network NAT Gateway PC DSR Network ipaq2 ipaq1
26 Features to be implemented Route discovery. Route maintenance. Packet fragmentation. Performance and packet statistics.
27 Any Questions?
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