Micro and Mini Turbine Technology

Transcription

1 Micro and Mini Turbine Technology West Coast Energy Management Congress June 21, 2000 E.J. Honton business solutions for energy markets

2 Overview 1. Why All the Fuss About Distributed Generation (DG)? 2. Compare Evolving DG Technologies 3. Summarize Micro and Mini Turbine Technologies 4. Importance of Air Emissions 5. Speculate About Future Turbine Users, Technologies, and the Marketplace

3 Rising Demand for Electricity E/GDP (index 1900=100) Source: Electric Power Research Institute E/GDP Ratio Electricity Fraction Electricity Fraction (%)

4 U.S. Peak Summer Electric Supply and Demand 1000 MW Net Capacity Surplus Peak Load Source: Energy Information Administration

5 CA Electric Consumption 800 Trillion Btu Source: EIA State Energy Data Report % Total Commercial Residential Industrial

6 Fuels Used in CA to Generate Electricity Total Trillion Btu Source: EIA State Energy Data Report % Gas Hydro Nuclear Geothermal Oil

7 Generation Capital Cost By Technology (98$) Installed Cost ($/kw) Photovoltaic Fuel Cell Wind Coal Plant Gas Recip Engine Microturbine Small Gas Turbine Gas-Fired Combined Cycle Source: Resource Dynamics Corporation

8 DG Capital Costs ($/kw) Technology Diesel Engine 1, Micro Turbine Mini Turbine Fuel Cell 4,500 2, Photovoltaic 5,200 4,000 1,500 Wind 2,000 1,300 1,100 Source: Resource Dynamics Corporation

9 DG Technology Characteristics Technology Diesel Engine Micro Turbine Mini Turbine Fuel Cell Size (MW) O&M ($/kwh) % Electric Efficiency Usable CHP Temp (Degrees F) Diesel , Other IC , % Overall Efficiency Availability 90-97% 90-98% 90-98% >95% Footprint (sq ft/kw) Source: Resource Dynamics Corporation

10 DG Commercial Status Technology Diesel Engine Micro Turbine Mini Turbine Fuel Cell Commercial Availability Fuel Type Noise Typical Duty Cycles Likely Users Next 5 Years Well established Evolving industry Well established Well established Diesel, propane, NG, oil Moderate to high (requires enclosure) Baseload Industrial, commercial, UDC, residential Propane, NG, distillate Moderate (enclosure supplied with unit) Peaking, intermediate, baseload Industrial, commercial, UDC Propane, NG, distillate Moderate (enclosure supplied with unit) Baseload, intermediate, peaking Industrial, UDC, commercial Hydrogen, propane Low (no enclosure required) Baseload Residential, commercial, industrial, UDC Source: Resource Dynamics Corporation

11 DG for Combined Heat and Power Technology Diesel Engines Micro Turbines Mini Turbines Fuel Cells Application for CHP Moderate cogeneration use Limited cogeneration applications due to lower heat production Excellent for cogeneration Limited use, except for PEM in special cases Source: Resource Dynamics Corporation

12 Turbine Pros and Cons Technology Pros Cons Micro Turbines Small and portable Potentially low capital cost Low power-only efficiency Limited cogeneration applications Mini Turbines Wide range of sizes over 1 MW Quick start-up Excellent for cogeneration Low but improving efficiency Emission levels require mitigation Source: Resource Dynamics Corporation

13 Some Micro and Mini Turbine Providers Technology Micro Turbines Mini Turbines Manufacturers/ Suppliers AlliedSignal Capstone Elliott MagneTek GRI/Northern Research Teledyne/Ryan AlliedSignal Allison Dresser-Rand European Gas Turbines General Electric Greenwich Turbine Kawasaki Solar Turbines Turbomeca

14 Micro/Mini Turbine Technology Summary Micro Turbine industry less mature than Mini Turbine industry Low efficiency unless used with CHP Micro Turbines better for peaking Mini Turbines better for baseload and CHP

15 Micro/Mini Turbine Market Summary Near grid-competitive, and falling, capital costs Competitive O&M costs Likely to be adopted by industrial and commercial end-users, especially those needing high reliability Face regulatory uncertainty Acceptable emission levels with proper controls

16 Percent of Emissions Generated by U.S. Electric Industry Pollutant CO Particulates NO X SO X Source: U.S. EPA, National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program

17 CA Power Emissions Tons per Day Pollutant Total Stationary Sources Electric Utilities Cogeneration CO PM NOX SOX Percent of Total Pollutant Electric Utilities Cogeneration CO PM NOX SOX Source: California Air Resources Board, 1998

18 Air Emissions by Technology (lb/kwh) Generation Technology CO PM 10 NO X SO X Distributed Generation Recip engines Miniturbines Microturbines Fuel cells Photovoltaic Wind turbines Central Station Gas steam New coal plant Geothermal Hydropower Nuclear Sources: CADER and Resource Dynamics Corporation based on manufacturers specifications

19 Percent of Electricity Generated On-Site SIC Industry U.S. 20 Food products Lumber products Paper products Chemicals Petroleum refining Electronics/computers 0.5 Source: Energy Information Administration, 1994

20 Future of Turbine Technology Technology improves - efficiency, durability, and reliability Acceptable emission levels through controlling technologies Lower costs through mass production Global market Overseas technology shakedown/improvement

21 Future of Turbine Marketplace Diminishing DG regulatory uncertainty Increasing capacity shortages reduce grid reliability Turbine industry consolidation Key investments by large players Major energy end-users apply turbines

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