Combined Heat & Power (CHP) UGI Webinar. Presented By: Barry Wentzel, UGI Utilities Eric Burgis, Energy Solutions Center June 18, 2013
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1 Combined Heat & Power (CHP) UGI Webinar Presented By: Barry Wentzel, UGI Utilities Eric Burgis, Energy Solutions Center June 18, 2013
2 Topics to Discuss What is CHP and CCHP? What is the CHP System and is CHP Significant? How does a CHP System work? Are CHP Systems Efficient? What types of CHP Systems are Available? How to Use the Waste Heat for CCHP? What are the CHP Market Drivers? What makes a CHP Project Economically Viable? What are the CHP Incentives? What Applications are a Good Fit for CHP? UGI Successful CHP Projects! 1
3 What is CHP and CCHP? CHP stands for Combined Heat and Power. CHP is the sequential production of power and useful thermal energy from a single energy source. CHP is also another name for cogeneration and is a form of Distributed Generation (DG). CCHP stands for Combined Cooling, Heating and Power. A CHP System uses one source of energy, typically natural gas, and produces two sources of useful energy. Natural Gas is mixed with Air and is injected into an engine, or turbine, of the CHP System. Electric Power is produced from the generator and thermal heat rejected from the CHP System is captured and used to off-set existing thermal heat production. 2
4 What is the CHP System and is CHP Significant? A CHP System consists of an integrated package including: Prime Mover Engine, Turbine or Fuel Cell Generator Produces Electricity Heat Recovery System Produces Thermal Heat (Steam or Hot Water) Electrical Interconnections There are more than 82 GW of installed CHP Systems at almost 4,000 commercial and industrial facilities in the U.S. This represents about 10% of the U.S. Power Generating Capacity 71% of these CHP Systems, or 58 GW, are fueled with Natural Gas CO2 reduction of 240 million metric tons which is equivalent to removing 42 million cars from the road U.S. EPA Emissions Calculator 3
5 How does a CHP System work? A CHP System consists of an integrated package Steam / Hot Water Exhaust Gas Heat Exchanger Exhaust Jacket Water Heat Exchanger Lube Oil Heat Exchanger Cold Water Air Natural Gas Exhaust Valve Turbocharger Crankshaft Intake Valve Ignition Source Piston AC Electricity Generator 4
6 Are CHP Systems Efficient? 5
7 What types of CHP Systems are Available? There are three types of CHP Systems based on the Prime Mover: Reciprocating Engine-Drive Generation Units (1 KW to 5 MW) Small Gas Turbine Generation Units (30 KW to 200 KW) Large Gas Turbine Generations Units (1 MW to 30 MW) Fuel Cell Generation Units (5 KW to 3 MW) These CHP Systems vary in size from 1 KW up to 30 MW in produced power output. Multiple CHP units can be installed to provide hundreds of megawatts in potential power output. These CHP Systems can provide either hot water or steam, or both, in thermal output depending on the prime mover. 6
8 What types of CHP Systems are Available? Reciprocating Engines available for CHP applications in sizes ranging from 1 KW to 5 MW. Spark Ignited Natural Gas Engines Larger Units are Water Cooled Smaller Packaged Units are Air Cooled Run at Low Speed Fast Start-Up Low First Cost, Higher Maintenance Proven Reliability when properly maintained Excellent Load-Following characteristics Medium Volume Heat Recovery Potential (900 to 1,000 Deg. F Exhaust) Hot Water (200 plus Deg. F) or Low Pressure Steam (<30 psig) Medium Pressure Steam (up to 150 psig) from Engine Exhaust 7
9 What types of CHP Systems are Available? Small Gas Turbines available for CHP applications in sizes ranging from 30 KW to 200 KW. Small and Compact Lightweight Packaged Systems No Cooling is Required Run at High Speed Low Emissions High First Cost, Low Maintenance Installation Flexibility Able to serve Large Loads with Multiple Units High Volume Heat Recovery Potential (600 to 700 Deg. F Exhaust) Hot Water (180 to 200 Deg. F); Smaller Units or Larger Units Low Pressure Steam (<30 psig); Limited to Larger Units 8
10 What types of CHP Systems are Available? Large Gas Turbines available for CHP applications in sizes ranging from 1 MW to 30 MW Large but Compact High Reliability Minimal Cooling is Required Run at High Speed Low Emissions Low First Cost, Low Maintenance Able to serve Large Loads with Multiple Units Well suited for larger Continuous Duty CHP Application High Volume Heat Recovery Potential (900 to 1,000 Deg. F Exhaust) Medium or High Pressure Steam (>100 psig) Hot Water with Steam Heat Exchanger 9
11 What types of CHP Systems are Available? Fuel Cells available for CHP applications (MC, SO, PA, PEM) in sizes ranging from 5 KW to 3 MW No Pollutants No Moving Parts Low Noise Very High Fuel Efficiencies Electrolyte Core, Minimal Life Expectancy Very High First Cost, Minimal Maintenance Limited Manufacturers and CHP size options Electrochemical Reaction converting Hydrogen (anode -) and Oxygen (cathode +) into electricity, producing heat and water vapor Natural Gas (CH4) is Reformed as the Fuel, or Hydrogen Source Low Volume Heat Recovery Potential (300 to 400 Deg. F) 10
12 How to Use the Waste Heat for CCHP? Thermal Technologies for CCHP Systems that are able to produce cooling and dehumidification from waste heat include: Single Effect Absorbers Double Effect Absorbers Steam Turbine Chillers Desiccant Dehumidification Low Operating Cost Reliable if Properly Maintained Cooling and Dehumidification Systems are available across a wide range of CHP configurations and sizes from 50 KW to multi-mw applications. For more information see: 11
13 What are the CHP Market Drivers? Expensive Electricity Rate Caps Removed Expensive Boiler Fuel Oil Expensive City Steam Stable, Low-Cost Natural Gas Sustainability, or being Green More Efficient, Lower Emissions Versus Traditional Power Production Reliable Power Electric Grid Reliability is Declining Expensive Electric Utility Upgrades Building Expansions New Boiler Plant New Chiller Plant New Back-Up Power Plant 12
14 What makes a CHP Project Economically Viable? Simultaneous monthly base electric power and base thermal needs Minimums: 60 KW per month, 500 Mcf per month Ideal Operation of the CHP System: Three (3) shifts for 365 days 24 x 7 simultaneous need for electric power and base thermal, or 8,760 annual hours of operation Minimum: 6,000 to 7,000 hours of operation Expensive, or high priced, all-in electric costs, such as Secondary Service from the Electric Utility Economic, or competitively priced, all-in fuel for CHP System and boiler plant Low, stable natural gas costs averaging $3.70/Dth on the NYMEX Marcellus Shale natural gas increases projections for a 100 year supply Sufficient Spark Spread to generate energy cost savings 13
15 What makes a CHP Project Economically Viable? Equipment Capital Cost Off-Sets for: Electric system Reliability upgrades; Electric system Building Expansion upgrades; Special Electrical, Cooling, or Heating needs; and, New Boiler Plant, Chiller Plant and Power Back-Up Plant installations. Reliable CHP Systems: Equipment and Installation Factory Protection, or Maintenance Plans, are recommended Project Grants & Financing Under ideal CHP System operation conditions, simple paybacks in the 3 to 5 year range can be achieved. Some customers might consider a longer payback if sustainability, or green initiatives, are a driving force. 14
16 Electricity Price, $/kwh What makes a CHP Project Economically Viable? Payback Analysis: Varying the Price of Natural Gas vs. Electricity Natural Gas Price, $/MM Btu $5 $6 $7 $8 $9 $10 $11 $12 $13 $14 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Greater than 5-year payback Less than 5-year payback 15
17 What are the CHP Incentives? Federal Support under the Energy Improvement and Extension Act provides a 10% Investment Tax Credit (ITC) for the first 15 MW of CHP property installed Must be in service no later than December 31, 2016 Must be smaller than 50 MW in total CHP plant capacity CHP System efficiency must be at least 60% Project qualifies for 5 year depreciation under Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) Fuel Cells & Micro-Turbines See Web Site for details EPA web site link to State and Federal information 16
18 What Applications are a Good Fit for CHP? Commercial Applications: Hospitals Hotels Laundry Nursing Homes Commercial Buildings Housing Authority Colleges / Universities Central Boiler / Chiller Plants Common Denominators for Commercial CHP Applications are: Steady base electric use; and, High demand for thermal heat use steam or hot water 17
19 What Applications are a Good Fit for CHP? Industrial Applications: Food Processing Textiles Wood, Pulp & Paper Chemicals Petroleum Refining Metals Central Boiler / Chiller Plants Common Denominators for Industrial CHP Applications are: Steady base electric use; and, High demand for thermal heat use steam or hot water 18
20 UGI Corporation: Promotes CHP Projects UGI Propane Gas and Electric Domestic International Regulated Unregulated 19
21 What does UGI offer for CHP Projects? UGI Utilities provides education on CHP including basic Economic Evaluations UGI Utilities provides low cost natural gas transportation rates UGI Utilities provides Energy Solution Center (ESC) Resources Eric Burgis, Director Commercial & Residential Markets UGI Energy Services, as a third party supplier, provides low cost natural gas commodity contracts as do many other suppliers. For a complete list of all PUC approved third party suppliers, go to the UGI Utilities web site 20
22 UGI Successful CHP Projects! Reading Hospital Geisinger Hospital Williamsport Hospital Bucknell University Albright College Mt. Joy Wire PSECU Masonic Homes Reading Housing Authority 10 MW 5 MW 1.5 MW 7 MW 1 MW 1 MW.8 MW.4 MW.3 MW 21
23 CHP Projects Geisinger Medical Center, CHP 22
24 CHP Projects Albright College, CCHP 23
25 CHP Projects Reading Housing Authority, CHP 24
26 CHP Projects Masonic Homes, CHP 25
27 UGI Middletown Office - DG 26
28 Who do I call from UGI to work on CHP Projects? UGI Project Leaders: West Region: Ken Stoltz kstoltz@ugi.com Rich Stahovich rstahovich@ugi.com Doug Vene dvene@ugi.com East Region: Steve Bareuther sbareuther@ugi.com Tony Sayegh tsayegh@ugi.com Rich Kiernan rkiernan@ugi.com North Region: Joe Bauman jbauman@ugi.com Andy Rohrer arohrer@ugi.com UGI Technical Advisor: Barry Wentzel bwentzel@ugi.com 27
29 Thank You! Any Questions for Barry & Eric?
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