Religious reform movement that divided the western Church into Catholic and Protestant groups.

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1 The Protestant Reformation Religious reform movement that divided the western Church into Catholic and Protestant groups.

2 Why reform? Church officials, especially the bishops and the Renaissance popes, used their church offices to advance their careers and wealth. They seemed more interested in politics than religion. Pope Leo X- Medici Pope Julius II- The Warrior Pope, personally went into battle

3 Another perceived problem: the church sold indulgences. According to church teaching, indulgences are a release from punishment for sin that the soul undergoes in purgatory. The soul is purified in purgatory on its way to heaven. As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs. Johann Tetzel

4 Martin Luther was the German priest who started the Reformation in the early 1500 s Luther was concerned about the corruption he saw in the church Martin Luther

5 The 95 Theses A thesis is a statement of belief. In 1517, Luther sent a list of 95 theses to church superiors and nailed it to the church door in Wittenberg in defiance. These were an attack on abuses and the sale of indulgences.

6 Luther attacked the 7 sacraments, keeping only baptism and communion. He thought clergy should marry. Baptism Confirmation Communion Confession Marriage Holy Orders Anointing of the sick

7 Printing Press - In the 1430 sjohannes Guttenberg introduced movable-type printing to Europe. It became easier and cheaper to produce books. During the Renaissance and later, literacy rates began to rise.

8 Luther translated the Bible into vernacular German. His Bible and other ideas gained a wide audience because of the printing press.

9 The Edict of Worms Luther was excommunicated by the church, and the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, made Luther an outlaw in his edict. However, Luther was protected by his ruler, Frederick, the Elector of Saxony.

10 Luther s religious movement soon became a revolution. In the course of the 16 th and 17 th centuries, it divided Europe. Luther inspired an alternative to the Catholic church, called Lutheranism, or (later) Protestantism.

11 The Holy Roman Empire experienced religious and dynastic war in the 16 th century. At the Peace of Augsburg (1555), Charles V allowed the German states to choose either Catholicism or Lutheranism.

12 Protestantism Develops In 1536, John Calvin published the Institutes of the Christian Religion, a summary of Protestant thought. Calvin agreed with Luther in the idea of justification by faith alone (sola fide) one is saved only by faith in God. They both agreed in sola scriptura the idea that the Bible (not church tradition) was the ultimate authority. Calvin taught predestination: God determined in advance who would be saved and who would be damned.

13 Calvin established Geneva, Switzerland, as a center of Protestantism. Citizens were punished for sinful behavior such as dancing, drunkenness, swearing, and playing cards. John Calvin Calvin and the Geneva magistrates

14 Catholic and Protestant beliefs compared

15 Protestantism in England King Henry VIII rule England, He belonged to the Tudor Dynasty.

16 Henry s first wife, Catherine of Aragon, did not give Henry a son. Henry decided to marry Anne Boleyn, but needed the pope to annul the marriage. The pope refused.

17 Random review: Reformation Protestant Reformation Why did Luther want reform? Purgatory Indulgences Martin Luther The 95 Theses Sacraments Married clergy Printing Press Johannes Guttenberg literacy rates The Edict of Worms excommunication Lutheranism Protestantism John Calvin justification by faith alone (sola fide) sola scriptura predestination King Henry VIII Tudor Dynasty annulment

18 The Anglican (English) Church Henry defied the church and parliament passed the Act of Supremacy. From that time on, the king or queen has been the head of the Church of England. Henry confiscated many church properties. Salisbury Cathedral

20 The Counter Reformation The Catholic church s response to Protestantism is known as the Counter Reformation. It consisted of three pillars: 1. The Jesuits 2. Reform of the papacy 3. The Council of Trent

21 The Jesuits Spanish priest Ignatius of Loyola founded the Society of Jesus, known as the Jesuits. This order of priests preached the Catholic faith and helped restore Catholicism to parts of Europe that were beginning to embrace Lutheranism.

Reform of the papacy In response to the accusations of the Protestant Reformers that the popes were too worldly, Reformation popes devoted more energy to

22 Reform of the papacy In response to the accusations of the Protestant Reformers that the popes were too worldly, Reformation popes devoted more energy to the spiritual needs of the church. Pope Pius V began his pontificate by giving alms to the poor, charity, and hospitals rather than focusing on patronage

23 Council of Trent The Catholic Church met to reform and define its teaching in a council of bishops: Belief in purgatory and indulgences was strengthened; selling them was forbidden Seven sacraments were upheld Faith and good works were necessary for salvation The Catholic Church was united under the pope s supreme leadership with clear teachings to fight the Reformers.

The Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation Mr. Montreuil April 2015 1 The Big Picture I can explain how the Protestant Reformation impacted Europe religiously, politically, & socially. This Lesson I can identify Reformation