The Reformation & The Age of Religious Wars

Transcription

1 Acc World History Mr. Burrell The Reformation & The Age of Religious Wars Objectives(Chapter 11): 1. Analyze the causes of the Reformation and determine which are the most important. 2. Discuss the personal history of Martin Luther and how it influenced his thought. 3. Describe the spread of Protestantism in the 16th century and the causes of the spread. 4. Summarize the beliefs and practices of John Calvin and the Anabaptists compare with Luther. 5. Explain to what extent was Henry VIII motivated by love? by politics? by religion? 6. Assess the success of the Catholic / Counter Reformation. 7. Argue whether the Reformation was primarily politically, economically or religiously motivated? Objectives (Chapter 12): 1. Identify the causes and consequences of the religious wars in France, the Netherlands, and Germany? 2. How and why, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, did a relatively small group living on the edge of the Eurasian landmass gain control of the major sea lanes of the world and establish political and economic hegemony on distant continents? (How did Spain control an empire?) 3. What is the significance of Elizabethan control of England? 4. Who becomes the new power in European affairs, Spain or England? Why? Calendar: Thu 9/8 Fri 9/9 Mon 9/12 Tue 9/13 Wed 9/14 Turn in Ch 10 HW Pckt HO. Unit II Homework Packet and Ch 11 HW packet (due 9 16) Unit I Exam HW: Outreach Form due Friday (Tomorrow) Get Library Card & 3x5 index cards for 9/15 & 9/16 Read Kagan pp Turn in Outreach Fair worksheet Give background on Judaism and Christianity (5000 BCE 1400 CE) HW: Read Kagan pp The Life of Martin Luther HW: Read Kagan pp The English Reformation HW: Finish Working on CE#1 Look on Wikipedia for your world problem define it & list 5 10 vocabulary terms associated with it Turn in CE#1 The Social Impact of the Reformation Study Hall Review last week s exam and discuss study techniques and test techniques / Review HW: Read Kagan pp

2 We are skipping the rest of Chapter 11. If you think that you may want to take the AP exam, you should read the rest of the chapter but it will not be on the exam for Unit II. Thu 9/15 Turn in Ch 11 HW Pckt (Remember Magic scores do not need to) HO Ch 12 HW Pckt (Due 9 23) Meet in Library for research (Encyclopedia, Specialized Encyclopedia, Facts on File, Information Plus) HW: Read Kagan pp Fri 9/16 Meet in Library to continue research 20 Notecards due Thursday Sept 22 (Four fact cards and one Bibliography card for each source) HW: Read Kagan pp Mon 9/19 Tue 9/20 Wed 9/21 Thu 9/22 Fri 9/23 Political Conflict meets Religious Reform (FR & HRE) HW: Read Kagan pp The Spanish Armada & Elizabeth I HW: Type up CE#2 Turn in CE#2 Thirty Years War Study Hall Review for Exam HW: Read Kagan pp Turn in Research Notecards (20 total) Jeopardy Review HW: Study, study, study Turn in Ch 12 HW Pckt (Remember Magic scores do not need to) Unit II Exam Don t forget, you can visit the AP Euro blog at pioneerapeuro.blogspot.com and see some of the recommended websites.

3 Acc Unit II Review Sheet Chapter 11 Age of Reformation Reformation, Martin Luther, previous critiques of the Catholic Church, Modem Devotion, Thomas a Kempis, Imitation of Christ, benefice, [canon law] Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (check page 307), justification by faith alone (sola fide), indulgences, mortal sins, plenary Jubilee indulgence of 1517, Pope Leo X, Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz, John Tetzel, 95 theses in Wittenberg, Maximilian I dies, Charles V, Fugger banking house, Diet of Worms, John Eck, infallibility of the Pope, Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, Babylonian Captivity of the Church, Freedom of a Christian, papal bull Exsurge Domine, excommunication of Luther, German bible, Charles distractions, peasant's revolt, [Against the Murderous Thieving Horded of Peasants] Thirteen cantons, Ulrich Zwingli, people's priest, scripture test, Marburg Colloquy, Landgrave Philip of Hesse, eucharist, Tetrapolitan Confession, Swiss Civil Wars, Anabaptists, Conrad Grebel, Schleitheim Confession, Spiritualists, Antitrinitarians, Michael Servetus, John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, Strasbourg Model Diet of Augsburg, Augsburg Confession, Schmalkaldic Articles, Peace of Augsburg, Cuius regio, eius religio William Tyndale, Cardinal Thomas Wosley, Sir Thomas More, Henry YIn, Response to Luther, Catherine of Aragon, Mary, Anne Boleyn, Thomas Cranmer, Thomas Cromwell, "Reformation Parliament", Archibishop of Canterbury, Act of Succession in 1534, Act of Supremacy in 1534, Thomas More is executed, Elizabeth (Daughter of Anne Boleyn), Jane Seymour (son is Edward VI), Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr, Ten Articles of 1536, Six Articles of 1539, Book of Common Prayer, Act of Uniformity in 1549, Edward VI, Act of Uniformity 1549 & 1552 New religious orders of the Catholic Church, Theatines, Capuchins, Somaschi, Ursulines, Oratorians, Ignatius of Loyola, Society of Jesus, Spiritual Exercises, Council of Trent, reforms of the church Chapter 12 Age of Religious Wars Counter Reformation, baroque, Peter Paul Rubens, Gianlorenzo Berlini, Rembrandt van Rijn, politiques Huguenots, Francis I, Charles V, Edict of Fontainebleau, Edict of Chateau briand, Philip II is killed, Bourbons, Louis I prince of Conde, Montmorency Chatillon, Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, Guises, Francis duke of Guise, Charles IX, January Edict, Peace of Saint Germain en Laye, Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre, John Knox, First Blast of the Trumpet against the Terrible Regiment of Women, Protestant Resistance Theory, Henry of Navarre, politique, Peace of Beaulieu, Day of the Barricades in 1588, Henry IV (formerly Henry of Navarre), "Paris is worth a mass", Edict of Nantes in 1598 Philip II of Spain, new riches in Spain, increased population, efficiency in bureaucracy and military, supremacy in the Mediterranean, Don John, Cardinal Granvelle, Compromise, Duke of Alba, "tenth penny", Northern provinces of the Netherlands Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Stadholder, "Sea Beggars", Pacification of Ghent, Union of Brussels in 1577, Union of Utrecht 1581, assassination of William of Orange Mary I, Philip n, "Marian exiles", Elizabeth I, Sir William Cecil, Act of Supremacy in 1559, Act of Uniformity in 1559, Thirty nine articles on Religion in 1563, Puritans, Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Conventicle Act of 1593, Sir Francis Drake, Mary Stuart (Queen of Scots), John Knox, plot against Elizabeth, Spanish Armada, "English Wind" 360 autonomous entities, Religious division in Germany, Maximilian of Bavaria, Catholic League, Protestant Alliance, Calvinist Elector Palatine (Frederick IV), Bohemian Period, defenestration of Prague, Battle of White Mountain, Danish Period, Lutheran King Christian IV of Denmark, Albrecht of Wallenstein, Edict of Restitution in 1629, Swedish Period, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, Cardinal Richelieu, SwedishFrench Period, Treaty of Westphalia, Swiss Confederacy, United Provinces of the Netherlands

4 Unit II Guiding Questions Martin Luther 1. What is an indulgence? How did it become a major reform issue by the late 15c? 2. What aspects of Luther's personality and experience contributed to his reforming zeal? 3. What was Luther's core theological premise? Make a list of his major ideas. 4. How did the church initially react to the printing and dissemination of Luther's 95 These in Wittenberg? Why did they have such a strong appeal in Germany? 5. Luther and Erasmus both attacked what they saw as abuses and pretensions of the church and the clergy. Compare their criticisms and their approaches to Church reform. 6. Although there had been heretics and reformers in the Catholic Church before Martin Luther, none had threatened the unity of church. What were the social, economic, and political conditions in Germany that contributed to the enormous success of Luther's reforms? 7. What were the religious and political implications of Luther' s reforms? 8. Why did the Holy Roman Empire, Charles V, in collaboration with the Pope, issue the Edict of Worms in 1521? What were the implications of this move? 9. Why did many German political authorities [especially the nobility] support Luther's cause? Why was their support so essential to his success? 10. What were the causes of the Peasants' Revolt of ? What was Luther's position in this upheaval? Why did he take that position? 11. Where was Lutheranism most successful in the 16c? 12. What role did the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, play in the Protestant Reformation? The Other Reformers 13. Identify the main religious beliefs of Ulrich Zwingli. How were they similar to Luther's beliefs? How were they different? 14. What were the basic beliefs of the Anabaptists? Why do you think that they were labeled the "radicals" of the Protestant Reformation movement? 15. List the major beliefs of John Calvin. How were they similar to Luther's beliefs? How were they different? 16. What was life like in Calvin's Geneva under his Ecclesiastical Ordinances? 17. To where did Calvinism spread throughout the 16c? The Social Significance of the Reformation 18. (AP only) How did the role of women in some Protestant church change in the 16c? Why did their social and religious positions remain the same in most others? 19. (AP only) According to most Reformation thinkers, what was the most important role of a woman in the Christina household? The English Reformation 20. How did Henry VII's marital difficulties lead to a break with Rome and the creation of an independent Church of England? 21. What did Henry VII's do to the property of the Catholic Church once he was excommunicated by the Pope? 22. Who much of Catholicism was retained during Henry VII's reign? 23. When and how did the Church of England become more Protestant? 24. Why did Henry VII's break with Rome have so much support from the English people?

5 The Catholic Reformation 25. What were the differences in interpretations of the two terms Catholic Reformation and Counter Reformation? 26. What were the primary goals of the Council of Trent? 27. List the major positions taken by the Council of Trent on dogma and church reform. 28. List some of the new religious orders created during this period and briefly identify the religious mission of each. 29. How did Ignatius Loyola organize the Jesuit order? What was its purpose? 30. How did Ignatius Loyola's Spiritual Exercises and the Jesuit movement itself represent a continuation of Renaissance humanism? Imperial Spain & the Netherlands 31. What were the political, economic, and religious issues that entered into the revolt of the Netherlands? How did this revolt merge with the international political and religious struggles in Europe at the time? England & Spain 32. How did Mary I attempt to restore Catholicism in England? Why did she fail? 33. How did Elizabeth I deal with the religious issue in England when she became queen? 34. Why did Elizabeth I put Mary Stuart under house arrest for so many years? What was she afraid of? 35. What role did Sir Francis Drake and the "Sea Dogs" play in the growing tensions between England and Spain? 36. Why did Philip II send the Armada Catolica, the Spanish Armada, against Elizabeth I in 1588? What were the results of this move for Spain? for England? The Thirty Years' War 37. Analyze the validity of this statement: The Thirty Years ' War was in part a German religious war and in part a German civil war fought over constitutional issues in the Holy Roman Empire. 38. How did European rivalries and ambitions become linked to the conflict within Germany in the late 16c and early 17c? 39. Create a CHART that briefly identifies each stage of the Thirty Years' War? What were the key issues? The results of each phase? The winners? The losers? 40. How was the small area of the United Provinces able to defend itself against Spain? What explains is rapid economic and cultural success? 41. Identify the major provisions of the Treaty of Westphalia in the following areas by creating another CHART: the religious settlement, territorial changes, and political/diplomatic changes.