Computer Workstation Assessment Training
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1 Computer Workstation Assessment Training Prevention Department Saskatchewan Workers Compensation Board OH&S Division Labour Relations and Workplace Safety
2 Computer Workstation Assessment Training Intended Audience: Time Frame: Materials: Recommended: Supervisors or their designates 6 participants Six hours» One hour slide presentation» Two hours interactive demonstration/practice» One hour written exam open book» Two hour practical exam computer workstation assessment Resource Manual Assessment Forms» Chair Report Card» Chair Suitability Report» Computer Workstation Report Card» Computer Workstation Posture Assessment Tool Kit» Goniometer (beveled protractor)» Level» Tape measure» Pen» Clipboard
3 Objectives: Participants will be able: to apply ergonomic principles to set-up a computer workstation to assess a computer workstation for ergonomic fit
4 Why should an employer care about ergonomic fit? Protect the health and safety of workers Section 81: Musculoskeletal Injuries, Occupational Health and Safety Regulations Employer must: Identify work activities that could cause or aggravate MSIs If risk of injury is identified, must inform workers of the risk and of the signs and symptoms of the potential injury Must provide effective protection to each worker who may be at risk Must provide instructions on safe work performance, use of equipment and proper work practices Where a worker has symptoms of injury, must: Advise worker to consult a physician or other recognized health care professional Promptly review the activities of that worker and other workers doing similar tasks to identify any cause of the symptoms Take corrective measures to avoid further injuries *Occupational Health and Safety Regulations Section 81: Musculoskeletal Injuries
5 What is Ergonomics? The science of making the workplace: Safer More comfortable More productive
6 Computer Workstation Equipment/resources Design/layout Standard components: adjustable chair work surface desktop computing equipment keyboard mouse CPU monitor Additional components: footrest document holder telephone related furniture and equipment
7 Tissue Tolerance The amount of force a body tissue can bear before it fails and injury occurs Workloads Forces that act on the body during work Safety Margin The difference between the workload and the tissue tolerance
8 Acute Injury Cumulative Injury Application of force during the task is so large that it exceeds the tissue tolerance Over time the application of lesser repetitive and/or sustained force lowers the tissue tolerance to the point where it is exceeded
9 Workload Risk of injury Exposure Time Tissue tolerance Workload Exposure Time
10 Posture Force Relationship The amount of force required to manipulate a load depends on the weight of the load the position of the load in relation to the joint(s) affected When a muscle is close to its resting length, it has the greatest potential to generate force The further a muscle is from its resting length, the less force production potential and the harder the worker must work to manage the load
11 Dynamic Postures involve movement Affected muscles are continuously tensed and relaxed Static Postures - body part(s) are held in a fixed position for a sustained period of time Affected muscles are under continuous load The body and its joints are made for movement. Regularly changing positions keeps blood flowing, muscles well fed, and waste products removed. Different muscles share in the workload and tired muscles are given the opportunity to rest.
12 Keeping it Neutral The computer workstation should be set up to allow the worker to maintain neutral working postures when: keyboarding/mousing viewing monitor screen viewing source documents reading/writing Neutral Posture posture with the greatest potential to generate force Awkward Posture - away from midline or neutral posture
13 Neck Neutral Rotation Lateral Bend Flexion Extension
14 Back Rotation Lateral Bend Neutral Flexion Extension
15 Raised Abduction lateral dropped Shoulder Neutral Adduction Abduction away from midline Extension Flexion
16 Elbow Obtuse Flexion Neutral Acute Flexion
17 Wrist Neutral Extension Flexion Radial Deviation Ulnar Deviation
18 The Workstation Should Fit the Worker
19 Why is the chair the most important piece of equipment? All office workers sit at some point to perform work tasks (most sit for most of the working day) The chair puts the worker in contact with the workstation The chair is the worker s primary support system when sitting Sitting requires muscular force The right chair can reduce and/or eliminate muscular forces
20 Advantages of sitting in a chair adjusted to fit the worker Increased stability of upper body Decreased energy consumption Reduced stress on lower extremities Decreased static muscular effort Less demand on circulatory system
21 Characteristics of a Good Chair 1. Evenly distributed 5 leg base with a minimum radius of 30 cm (12 ) 2. Castors 3. Non slip breathable fabric 4. Dense foam that compresses no more than 2.5 cm (1 ) 5. Waterfall seat swivel seat 7. Base with a pneumatic air cylinder 8. Adjustable seat height 9. Minimum seat pan width of 45 cm (18 ) 10. Adjustable seat pan depth 11. Adjustable seat pan tilt 12. Adjustable armrest height 13. Adjustable armrest width 14. Adjustable armrest length 15. Concave backrest shape 16. Minimum backrest width of 35 cm (14 ) 17. Minimum backrest height of 45 cm to 62.5 cm (18 25 ) 18. Convex shaped 50 mm (2 ) thick lumbar support 19. Adjustable lumbar support 20. Adjustable backrest tilt 21. Easy to operate adjustment controls 22. Adjustable from seated position 23. Adjustability instructions *Features of a Good Ergonomic Chair *Chair Report Card
22 Optimal Working Posture: Sitting Neck: straight or in slight flexion; in line with rest of spine Head: level or slight downward gaze; forward facing; balanced over spine; in line with torso Shoulders: relaxed Back: in line with head, neck and hips; forms a gentle s curve; lower back in lordosis, fully supported; lumbar support fits into deepest part of lumbar curve Upper arms: hang naturally at side of body Elbows: close to body; form an angle slightly > than 90 Hips: form an angle of 90 to 130 ; fully supported Forearms: generally parallel to floor; inline with wrists Thighs: roughly parallel to floor; fully supported Knees: form an angle of 90 to 110 ; slightly lower than hips; gap of 5 cm to 10 cm (2 4 ) between front edge of seat pan and back of knees Lower legs: slightly forward Ankles: form an angle of 90 to 120 Wrists: straight; inline with forearms and hands Hands: inline with forearms and wrists Feet: slightly forward; fully supported by floor or footrest *Computer Workstation - Neutral Sitting Posture *Steps to Adjust Chair *Chair Suitability Report *Computer Workstation Posture Assessment
23 Optimal Working Posture: Sitting + Keyboarding + Mousing Shoulders: relaxed Upper arms: hang naturally at sides of body Elbows: close to body; form an angle slightly > than 90, not resting on any surface Forearms: generally parallel to floor; inline with wrists Wrists: straight; inline with forearms and hands Hands: inline with forearms and wrists, fingers fit comfortably over mouse Back: inline with head, neck and hips; forms a gentle s curve; lower back in lordosis; lumbar support fits into deepest part of lumbar curve Hips: form an angle of 90 to 130 ; fully supported *Computer Workstation Neutral Mousing Sitting Posture *Keyboard/Mouse Setup *Steps to Adjust Keyboard/Mouse *Computer Equipment: Mouse *Computer Workstation Posture Assessment
24 Optimal Working Posture: Sitting + Keyboarding/Mousing + Viewing Monitor Head: level or slight downward gaze; forward facing; balanced over spine; in line with torso Neck: straight or in slight flexion; in line with rest of spine Back: in line with head, neck and hips; forms a gentle s curve; lower back in lordosis, fully supported; lumbar support fits into deepest part of lumbar curve Hips: form an angle of 90 to 130 ; fully supported *Monitor Setup *Steps to Adjust Monitor *Computer Equipment: Monitor *Computer Workstation Posture Assessment
25 Optimal Lighting Setup: General Illumination + Viewing Monitor + Viewing Source Documents Control of natural light from windows < 6 m (20 ) away Monitor screen 90 to any windows Adequate, evenly distributed ambient lighting Workstation located parallel to overhead lighting Task lighting brighter than ambient lighting Task lighting focused on source documents, controls and other visual needs Matte finishes on walls, floors and furniture Flat monitor screen Negative contrast screen setting Sharp, easy to read, non flickering monitor screen Anti-glare screen in place (if cannot rearrange workstation to eliminate glare) Clean screen *Lighting Setup *Steps to Adjust Monitor *Computer Equipment: Monitor *Computer Workstation Posture Assessment *Computer Workstation Report Card
26 Optimal Working Posture: Sitting + Keyboarding/Mousing + Viewing Monitor + Viewing Source Documents Option 1: Document holder positioned: on same side as worker s dominant eye directly next to monitor screen at same distance as monitor screen at same height as monitor screen so source document is perpendicular to worker s line of vision Option 2: Document holder positioned: between keyboard and monitor in line with worker, keyboard and monitor screen so source document is perpendicular to the worker s line of vision Head: level or slight downward gaze; forward facing; balanced over spine; in line with torso Neck: straight or in slight flexion; in line with rest of spine *Document Holder Setup *Steps to Adjust Document Holder *Computer Workstation Posture Assessment *Computer Workstation Report Card
27 Work Surface Organization *Work Organization Setup *Steps to Adjust Work Organization Setup *Computer Workstation Posture Assessment *Computer Workstation Report Card Work organized so it flows towards worker s dominant hand side High priority tasks/items located within hands reach with elbows at side Lower priority tasks/items located within hands reach with arm extended Occasionally performed tasks/used items located just past hands reach with arm extended, some trunk flexion
28 Work Storage Organization High priority items stored in primary zone Lower priority items stored in secondary zone Occasionally used items stored in tertiary zone or further High priority items stored between knuckles and shoulders No items stored in the kick space Clutter free workstation *Work Organization Setup *Steps to Adjust Work Organization Setup *Computer Workstation Posture Assessment *Computer Workstation Report Card
29 Optimal Working Posture: Sitting + Keyboarding/Mousing + Viewing Monitor + Talking on Phone Telephone located either within or at limit of primary reach zone Headset provided If headset, telephone positioned on dominant hand side or directly in front of worker *Work Organization Setup *Steps to Adjust Work Organization Setup *Computer Workstation Posture Assessment *Computer Workstation Report Card Head: level or slight downward gaze; forward facing; balanced over spine; in line with torso Neck: straight or in slight flexion; in line with rest of spine Shoulders: relaxed Back: in line with head, neck and hips; forms a gentle s curve; lower back in lordosis, fully supported; lumbar support fits into deepest part of lumbar curve Hips: form an angle of 90 to 130 ; fully supported
30 Features of Good Computer Workstation Design 1. Adjustability 2. Ease of adjustability 3. Sufficient workstation area 4. Semicircle (corner) design 5. Stable work surface 6. Neutral coloured non reflective work surface 7. Flat smooth work surface 8. Rounded corners free of sharp edges 9. Height adjustable work surface 10. Sufficient work surface depth to accommodate keyboard and monitor 11. Sufficient work surface area to accommodate required equipment/resources 12. Sufficient work surface area to accommodate tasks to be performed 13. Reading/writing work surface and corresponding kick space on worker s dominant hand side 14.Sufficient clearance between top of worker s thighs and bottom of work surface 15.Sufficient under reading/writing area kick space 16.Sufficient under keyboard kick space 17.Drawers located within comfortable reach 18.Accessible storage space 19.Sufficient storage space 20.Stable keyboard/mouse tray 21.Height adjustable keyboard/mouse tray 22.Distance adjustable keyboard/mouse tray 23.Tilt adjustable keyboard/mouse tray (horizontal to reverse) 24.Angle adjustable keyboard/mouse tray 25.Sufficient keyboard/mouse tray surface area to accommodate both keyboard and mouse 26.Mouse tray 27.Cable routing system *Features of a Good Computer Workstation Design *Computer Workstation Report Card
31 Caution: Anything can be advertised as being ergonomically correct
32 Practical Features of a Good Ergonomic Chair Neutral Sitting Posture Features of a Good Computer Workstation Design Neutral Keyboarding Sitting Posture Neutral Mousing Sitting Posture Keyboard/Mouse Setup Monitor Setup Lighting Setup Document Holder Setup Work Organization Setup Steps to Adjust Fact Sheets Steps to Adjust Chair Steps to Adjust Keyboard/Mouse Steps to Adjust Monitor Steps to Adjust Document Holder Steps to Adjust Work Organization Assessment Forms Chair Report Card Chair Suitability Report Computer Workstation Report Card Computer Workstation Posture Assessment Tool Kit Goniometer (beveled protractor) Level Tape measure Pen Clipboard
33 Questions
34 CWAT Group Exam For each image, identify: What is wrong? Why it is wrong or what is the correct posture? What would you do to fix the problem?
35 Image 1
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